Died on Sunday, 13th July – Famous Deaths

13/07/2025

Muhammadu Buhari, Nigerian general and politician, 7th & 15th President of Nigeria (born 1942)

Muhammadu Buhari was a Nigerian general and politician who ruled as military dictator of Nigeria from 1983 to 1985, and later served as the democratically elected civilian president of Nigeria from 2015 to 2023.

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13/07/2024

Shannen Doherty, American actress (born 1971)

Shannen Maria Doherty was an American actress. During her career in film and television, Doherty played a number of notable characters, including Jenny Wilder in Little House on the Prairie (1982–1983); Maggie Malene in Girls Just Want to Have Fun (1985); Kris Witherspoon in Our House (1986–1988); Heather Duke in Heathers (1989); Brenda Walsh in Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–1994), 90210 (2008–2009), and BH90210 (2019); Rene Mosier in Mallrats (1995); and Prue Halliwell in Charmed (1998–2001).

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Ruth Hesse, German opera singer (born 1936)

Ruth Hesse was a German opera singer. A dramatic mezzo-soprano, she was a member of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1962 to 1995, where she took part in the world premiere of Henze's Der junge Lord. She was first invited to the Bayreuth Festival in 1960, where she performed until 1979.

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Richard Simmons, American fitness personality and public figure (born 1948)

Milton Teagle "Richard" Simmons was an American fitness instructor and television personality. He was a promoter of weight-loss programs, most prominently through his television show, The Richard Simmons Show and later the Sweatin' to the Oldies line of aerobics videos.

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Chino Trinidad, Filipino sports journalist and executive (born 1967)

Manolo "Chino" Lacsamana Trinidad was a Filipino sports journalist and executive who formerly served as a play-by-play commentator in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) coverage by Vintage Television.

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Thomas Matthew Crooks, American student, known for attempting to assassinate former US President Donald Trump (born 2003)

Thomas Matthew Crooks was an American man who attempted to assassinate then-former U.S. president Donald Trump, who at the time was the presumptive Republican Party nominee for the 2024 presidential election.

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Naomi Pomeroy, American chef and restaurateur (born 1974)

Naomi Pomeroy was an American chef and restaurateur. Pomeroy in 2009 was listed by Food & Wine magazine as one of America's Top 10 Best New Chefs and in 2014 won the James Beard Foundation Award for Best Chef Northwest.

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13/07/2020

Grant Imahara, American electrical engineer, roboticist, and television host (born 1970)

Grant Masaru Imahara was an American electrical engineer, roboticist, television host and actor. He was best known for his work on the television series MythBusters, on which he designed, built, and operated numerous robots and machines to test myths over the course of the show.

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Zindzi Mandela, South African politician, diplomat, and third daughter of Nelson Mandela (born 1960)

Zindziswa "Zindzi" Mandela, also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, was a South African diplomat and poet, and the daughter of anti-apartheid activists and politicians Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Zindzi was the youngest and third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters, including sister Zenani Mandela.

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13/07/2017

Liu Xiaobo, Chinese literary critic, human rights activist (born 1955)

Liu Xiaobo was a Chinese literary critic, human rights activist, philosopher and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who called for political reforms and was involved in campaigns to end Chinese Communist Party one-party rule in China. He was arrested numerous times, and was described as China's most prominent dissident and the country's most famous political prisoner. On 26 June 2017, he was granted medical parole after being diagnosed with liver cancer; he died a few weeks later on 13 July 2017.

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13/07/2015

Philipp Mißfelder, German historian and politician (born 1979)

Philipp Mißfelder was a German politician and a member of the German Bundestag. From January through March 2014, he served in the German government as the Coordinator for Transatlantic Cooperation in the Field of Intersocietal Relations, Cultural and Information Policy.

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Martin Litchfield West, English scholar, author, and academic (born 1927)

Martin Litchfield West, was a British philologist and classical scholar. In recognition of his contribution to scholarship, he was appointed to the Order of Merit in 2014.

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13/07/2014

Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (born 1924)

Thomas Louis Berger was an American novelist. Probably best known for his picaresque novel Little Big Man and the subsequent film by Arthur Penn, Berger explored and manipulated many genres of fiction throughout his career, including the crime novel, the hard-boiled detective story, science fiction, the utopian novel, plus re-workings of classical mythology, Arthurian legend, and the survival adventure.

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Alfred de Grazia, American political scientist, author, and academic (born 1919)

Alfred de Grazia, born in Chicago, Illinois, was a political scientist and author. He developed techniques of computer-based social network analysis in the 1950s, developed new ideas about personal digital archives in the 1970s, and defended the catastrophism thesis of Immanuel Velikovsky.

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Nadine Gordimer, South African novelist, short story writer, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1923)

Nadine Gordimer was a South African writer and political activist. She received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1991, recognised as a writer "who through her magnificent epic writing has ... been of very great benefit to humanity".

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Jeff Leiding, American football player (born 1961)

Jeffrey James Leiding was an American professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) and United States Football League (USFL).

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Lorin Maazel, French-American violinist, composer, and conductor (born 1930)

Lorin Varencove Maazel was an American conductor, violinist and composer. He began conducting at the age of eight and by 1953 had decided to pursue a career in music. He had established a reputation in the concert halls of Europe by 1960 but his career in the U.S. progressed far more slowly. He served as music director of The Cleveland Orchestra, Orchestre National de France, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, and the New York Philharmonic, among other posts. Maazel was well regarded in baton technique and had a photographic memory for scores. Described as mercurial and forbidding in rehearsal, he mellowed in old age.

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13/07/2013

Leonard Garment, American lawyer and public servant, 14th White House Counsel (born 1924)

Leonard Garment was an American attorney, public servant, and arts advocate. He served U.S. presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford in the White House in various positions from 1969 to 1976, including Counselor to the President, acting Special Counsel to Nixon for the last two years of his presidency, and U.S. Ambassador to the Third Committee at the United Nations. He played a key role in the Ford pardon of Nixon.

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Henri Julien, French race car driver (born 1927)

Henri Julien was a French racing car driver and motor sports team founder. He founded and managed the Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives (AGS) racing team, which participated in the European Formula Two Championship and Formula 1 in the 1970s and 1980s.

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Cory Monteith, Canadian actor and singer (born 1982)

Cory Allan Michael Monteith was a Canadian actor and musician. He made his acting debut in the television series Stargate Atlantis (2004), and had other roles in shows including Smallville (2005), and Supernatural (2005). During his career, he starred in over eighteen dramas and seventeen films, with Monte Carlo (2011), Final Destination 3 (2006), and Sisters & Brothers (2011), all becoming commercially successful.

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Ottavio Quattrocchi, Italian businessman (born 1938)

Ottavio Quattrocchi was an Italian businessman who was being sought until early 2009 in India for criminal charges for acting as a conduit for bribes in the Bofors scandal. Quattrocchi's role in this scandal, and his proximity to Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi through his wife Sonia Gandhi, is thought to have contributed to the defeat of the Congress Party in the 1989 elections. In 1999, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) named Quattrocchi in a chargesheet as the conduit for the Bofors bribe. The case against him was strengthened in June 2003, when Interpol revealed two bank accounts, 5A5151516M and 5A5151516L, held by Quattrocchi and his wife Maria with the BSI AG bank, London, containing Euros 3 million and $1 million, a "curiously large savings for a salaried executive". In January 2006, these frozen bank accounts were unexpectedly released by India's law ministry, apparently without the consent of the CBI which had asked for them to be frozen.

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Vernon B. Romney, American lawyer and politician, 14th Attorney General of Utah (born 1924)

Vernon Bradford Romney was an American lawyer who served as the attorney general of Utah from 1969 to 1977, and the Republican candidate for Governor of Utah in 1976. He was a member of the Romney family and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

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Marc Simont, French-American author and illustrator (born 1915)

Marc Simont was a Paris-born American artist, political cartoonist, and illustrator of more than a hundred children's books. Inspired by his father, Spanish painter Joseph Simont, he began drawing at an early age. Simont settled in New York City in 1935 after encouragement from his father, attended the National Academy of Design with Robert McCloskey, and served three years in the military.

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13/07/2012

Warren Jabali, American basketball player (born 1946)

Warren Jabali was an American basketball player. He played professionally in the American Basketball Association (ABA) from 1968 to 1975.

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Jerzy Kulej, Polish boxer and politician (born 1940)

Jerzy Zdzisław Kulej was a Polish boxer, politician and sports commentator. He was a two-time Olympic and two-time European Champion.

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Richard D. Zanuck, American film producer (born 1934)

Richard Darryl Zanuck was an American film producer. His 1989 film Driving Miss Daisy won the Academy Award for Best Picture. He was also instrumental in launching the career of director Steven Spielberg, who described Zanuck as a "director's producer" and "one of the most honorable and loyal men of our profession."

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13/07/2011

Allan Jeans, Australian footballer and coach (born 1933)

Allan Lindsay Jeans was an Australian rules footballer and coach. He was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame at its inception in 1996. Jeans was known for his oratory and motivation skills as a coach and led St Kilda and Hawthorn to a total of four premierships.

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13/07/2010

Manohari Singh, Indian saxophonist and composer (born 1931)

Manohari Singh was an Indian music director, saxophonist and was the main arranger of seminal film composer R. D. Burman. He worked with Basudeb Chakraborty as a music composer, the duo also popularly known as Basu-Manohari.

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George Steinbrenner, American businessman (born 1930)

George Michael Steinbrenner III, nicknamed "the Boss", was an American businessman who was the principal owner and managing partner of Major League Baseball's New York Yankees from 1973 until his death in 2010. He was the longest-serving owner in club history, and the Yankees won seven World Series championships and 11 American League pennants under his ownership. His outspokenness and role in driving up player salaries made him one of the sport's most controversial figures. Steinbrenner was also involved in the Great Lakes and Gulf Coast shipping industry.

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13/07/2008

Bronisław Geremek, Polish historian and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1932)

Bronisław Geremek was a Polish social historian and politician. He was an opposition activist in the Polish People's Republic and participated in the Polish Round Table Agreement.

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13/07/2007

Michael Reardon, American mountaineer (born 1965)

Michael Reardon was an American professional free solo climber, filmmaker, motivational speaker and writer. Reardon died at age 42, after being swept to sea by a rogue wave, shortly after climbing a sea cliff at Dohilla in County Kerry, Ireland.

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13/07/2006

Red Buttons, American actor (born 1919)

Red Buttons was an American actor and comedian. He won an Oscar, a Golden Globe Award, and a Laurel Award for his performance as United States Air Force crew chief Joe Kelly in the film Sayonara. During his career he was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award, a BAFTA Award, a Saturn Award, and two Photoplay Awards. In 1960, Buttons received a Hollywood Walk of Fame Star.

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13/07/2005

Robert E. Ogren, American zoologist (born 1922)

Robert Edward Ogren was an American zoologist.

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13/07/2003

Compay Segundo, Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1907)

Máximo Francisco Repilado Muñoz Telles, known professionally as "Compay Segundo", was a Cuban trova guitarist, singer and composer.

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13/07/2000

Jan Karski, Polish-American activist and academic (born 1914)

Jan Karski was a Polish soldier, resistance-fighter, and diplomat during World War II. He is known for having acted as a courier in 1940–1943 to the Polish government-in-exile and to Poland's Western Allies about the situation in German-occupied Poland. He reported about the state of Poland, its many competing resistance factions, and also about Germany's destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto and its operation of extermination camps on Polish soil that were murdering Jews, Poles, and others.

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13/07/1999

Konstantinos Kollias, Greek general and politician, 168th Prime Minister of Greece (born 1901)

Konstantinos Kollias was a Greek Attorney General of the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court who was proclaimed Prime Minister by the far right-wing military junta, which ruled the country from 1967 until 1974.

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13/07/1997

Miguel Ángel Blanco, Spanish politician (born 1968)

Miguel Ángel Blanco Garrido was a Spanish economist and municipal politician and a member of the People's Party, in Ermua, the Basque Country. He was kidnapped and murdered by the Basque separatist group ETA.

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13/07/1996

Pandro S. Berman, American director, producer, and production manager (born 1905)

Pandro Samuel Berman, also known as Pan Berman, was an American film producer.

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13/07/1995

Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman (born 1920)

Godtfred Kirk Christiansen was a Danish businessman who was the managing director of the Lego Group from 1957 to 1973. He was the third son of company founder Ole Kirk Christiansen and took over as managing director in 1957, eventually becoming the sole owner. Godtfred is credited with playing a pivotal role in the development of the Lego brick design and patented it in 1958. He also created the Lego System in Play, the cornerstone of the Lego construction toy. Godtfred stepped down as Leader of the company in 1973. His son Kjeld Kirk Christiansen became president in 1979.

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13/07/1993

Davey Allison, American race car driver (born 1961)

David Carl Allison was an American NASCAR driver. He was best known for driving the No. 28 Texaco-Havoline Ford for Robert Yates Racing in the NASCAR Cup Series. Born in Hollywood, Florida, he was the oldest of four children born to Bobby and Judy Allison. The family moved to Hueytown, Alabama, and along with Bobby Allison's brother, Donnie, Red Farmer and Neil Bonnett, became known as the Alabama Gang.

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13/07/1983

Gabrielle Roy, Canadian engineer and author (born 1909)

Gabrielle Roy was a Canadian author from St. Boniface, Manitoba. She became one of the major voices in French-language literature in Canada, known for her portrayals of working-class life in Manitoba and Quebec and for her clear, straightforward prose. Her first novel, Bonheur d’occasion, brought her national and international recognition, including major literary awards in both Canada and France. She went on to publish fiction, memoir, and children’s literature, and her work remains central to the development of modern Canadian writing in French. She was designated a National Historic Person by the Government of Canada in 2009.

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13/07/1981

Martin Hurson Irish Republican Hunger Striker

Edward Martin Hurson was an Irish Republican hunger striker and a Volunteer in the East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). He was the sixth to die during the 1981 Irish Hunger Strike.

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13/07/1980

Seretse Khama, Botswana lawyer and politician, 1st President of Botswana (born 1921)

Sir Seretse Goitsebeng Maphiri Khama, GCB, KBE was a Motswana politician who served as the first President of Botswana, a post he held from 1966 to his death in 1980.

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13/07/1979

Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and illustrator (born 1913)

Ludwig Merwart was an influential Austrian painter and graphic artist. He is an important representative of Tachism and was a major force in graphic arts and prints, especially after World War II. His work belongs to the most significant and interesting contributions to graphic arts in Austria to this day.

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13/07/1976

Frederick Hawksworth, English engineer (born 1884)

Frederick William Hawksworth, was the last Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Great Western Railway (GWR).

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13/07/1974

Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1897)

Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett of Chelsea, was an English experimental physicist and life peer who received the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1925, he was the first person to prove that radioactivity could cause the nuclear transmutation of one chemical element to another. He also made major contributions to the Allied war effort in World War II, advising on military strategy and developing operational research.

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13/07/1973

Willy Fritsch, German actor and screenwriter (born 1901)

Willy Fritsch was a German Silesian theatre and film actor, a popular leading man and character actor from the silent-film era to the early 1960s.

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13/07/1970

Leslie Groves, American general and engineer, head of the Manhattan Project (born 1896)

Leslie Richard Groves Jr. was a United States Army Corps of Engineers officer who oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and directed the Manhattan Project, the top secret research program that developed the atomic bomb during World War II, leading to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.

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Sheng Shicai, Chinese warlord (born 1895)

Sheng Shicai was a Chinese warlord who ruled the province of Xinjiang from 1933 to 1944.

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13/07/1967

Tom Simpson, English cyclist (born 1937)

Thomas Simpson was one of Britain's most successful professional cyclists. He was born in Haswell, County Durham, and later moved to Harworth, Nottinghamshire. Simpson began road cycling as a teenager before taking up track cycling, specialising in pursuit races. He won a bronze medal for track cycling at the 1956 Summer Olympics and a silver at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.

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13/07/1965

Photis Kontoglou, Greek painter, illustrator and writer (born 1895)

Photis Kontoglou was a Greek writer, painter and icon painter.

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13/07/1960

Joy Davidman, American-English poet and author (born 1915)

Helen Joy Davidman was an American poet and writer. Often referred to as a child prodigy, she earned a master's degree from Columbia University in English literature at age twenty in 1935. For her book of poems, Letter to a Comrade, she won the Yale Series of Younger Poets Competition in 1938 and the Russell Loines Award for Poetry in 1939. She was the author of several books, including two novels.

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13/07/1954

Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter and educator (born 1907)

Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture, she employed a naïve folk art style to explore questions of identity, postcolonialism, gender, class, and race in Mexican society. Her paintings often had strong autobiographical elements and mixed realism with fantasy. In addition to belonging to the post-revolutionary Mexicayotl movement, which sought to define a Mexican identity, Kahlo has been described as a surrealist or magical realist. She is also known for painting about her experience of chronic pain. Her 1940 self-portrait titled The Dream holds the record for the most expensive work by a female artist ever auctioned at $54.7 million.

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13/07/1951

Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-American composer and painter (born 1874)

Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg was an Austrian and American avant-garde composer, music theorist, teacher and writer. He was among the first modernists who transformed the practice of harmony in 20th-century classical music, and a central element of his music was its often structural use of broadly motivic processes as a means of coherence. He propounded concepts like developing variation, the emancipation of the dissonance, and the "unity of musical space".

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13/07/1949

Walt Kuhn, American painter and academic (born 1877)

Walter Francis Kuhn was an American painter and an organizer of the famous Armory Show of 1913, which was America's first large-scale introduction to European Modernism.

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13/07/1946

Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (born 1864)

Alfred Stieglitz was an American photographer and modern art promoter who was instrumental over his 50-year career in making photography an accepted art form. In addition to his photography, Stieglitz was known for the New York art galleries that he ran in the early part of the 20th century, where he introduced many avant-garde European artists to the U.S. He was married to painter Georgia O'Keeffe.

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13/07/1945

Alla Nazimova, Russian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (born 1879)

Alla Aleksandrovna Nazimova was a Russian-born American actress, director, producer and screenwriter. Hailed by modern scholars as the "founding mother of Sapphic Hollywood," Nazimova was a celebrated nonconformist artist who appeared in more than 20 films. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures of early 20th-century theater and silent cinema.

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13/07/1941

Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (born 1913)

Ilmar Raud was an Estonian chess master.

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13/07/1936

Kojo Tovalou Houénou, Beninese lawyer and politician (born 1887)

Kojo Tovalou Houénou was a prominent African critic of the French colonial empire in Africa. Born in Porto-Novo to a wealthy father and a mother who belonged to the royal family of the Kingdom of Dahomey, he was sent to France for education at the age of 13. There he received a law degree, medical training, and served in the French armed forces as an army doctor during World War I. Following the war, Houénou became a minor celebrity in Paris; dating actresses, writing books as a public intellectual, and making connections with many of the elite of French society.

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13/07/1934

Mary E. Byrd, American astronomer and academic (born 1849)

Mary Emma Byrd was an American astronomer and educator. She is considered a pioneer astronomy teacher at college level. She was also an astronomer in her own right, determining cometary positions by photography.

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13/07/1927

Mimar Kemaleddin Bey, Turkish architect and academic, designed the Tayyare Apartments (born 1870)

Ahmed Kemaleddin, widely known as Mimar Kemaleddin was a Turkish architect, and one of the leading figures of the First National architectural movement, alongside Vedat Tek.

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13/07/1922

Martin Dies Sr., American journalist and politician (born 1870)

Martin Dies was a Texas politician and a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives. His son Martin Dies Jr. was also a member of the United States House of Representatives. His grandson, also known as Martin Dies Jr., was a Texas state senator, secretary of state, and jurist.

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13/07/1921

Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1845)

Gabriel Lippmann was a French applied physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1908 for his invention of the Lippmann plate, a method of photographically reproducing colours based on the interference phenomenon.

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13/07/1911

Allan McLean, Scottish-Australian politician, 19th Premier of Victoria (born 1840)

Allan McLean was an Australian politician who served as the 19th Premier of Victoria, in office from 1899 to 1900. He was later elected to federal parliament, where he served as a government minister under George Reid.

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13/07/1907

Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter and jurist (born 1866)

Hendrik "Henrik" Sillem was a Dutch jurist, mountaineer and sport shooter.

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13/07/1896

August Kekulé, German chemist and academic (born 1829)

Friedrich August Kekulé, later Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz, was a German organic chemist. From the 1850s until his death, Kekulé was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in the field of theoretical chemistry. He was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure and in particular the Kekulé structure of benzene.

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13/07/1893

They Even Fear His Horses, American tribal chief (born 1836)

Tasunka Kokipapi was an Oglala Lakota leader known for his participation in Red Cloud's War, as a negotiator for the Sioux Nation after the Wounded Knee Massacre, and for serving on delegations to Washington, D.C.. A proper translation of his name is They Fear Even His Horses or His Horse Is Feared, meaning that the bearer of the name was so feared in battle that even the sight of his horse would inspire fear. During and after his lifetime, American sources and written records mistranslated his name as Young Man Afraid of His Horses or uncommonly as His Horses Are Afraid.

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13/07/1890

John C. Frémont, American general and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (born 1813)

Major-General John Charles Frémont was a United States Army officer, explorer, and politician. He was a United States senator from California and was the first Republican nominee for president of the U.S. in 1856 and founder of the California Republican Party upon being nominated. Frémont lost the election to Democrat James Buchanan.

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Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (born 1819)

Johann Voldemar Jannsen was an Estonian journalist. He was one of the earliest figures of the Estonian national awakening, which he promoted through his newspaper, the Eesti Postimees, and two Estonian Song Festivals. He wrote the nationalist song "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm", which became the national anthem of Estonia after its independence. Jannsen was the father of poet Lydia Koidula.

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13/07/1889

Robert Hamerling, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (born 1830)

Robert Hamerling was an Austrian poet.

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13/07/1881

John C. Pemberton, American general (born 1814)

John Clifford Pemberton was an American military officer who served in the United States Army during the Seminole Wars and the Mexican–American War. He resigned his commission and served as a lieutenant-general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He led the Army of Mississippi from December 1862 to July 1863 and was the commanding officer during the Confederate surrender at the Siege of Vicksburg.

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13/07/1807

Henry Benedict Stuart, Italian cardinal, pretender to the British throne and last member of the House of Stuart (born 1725)

Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York, also known as the Cardinal of York, was a cardinal, and was the third and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland, as the younger grandson of King James VII and II. One of the longest-serving cardinals in history, Henry spent his whole life in the Papal States and became the dean of the College of Cardinals and cardinal-bishop of Ostia and Velletri. Unlike his father James Francis Edward Stuart and elder brother Charles Edward Stuart, Henry made no effort to seize the thrones. After Charles's death in 1788, Henry became known by Jacobites as Henry IX and I, but the Papacy did not recognise Henry as the lawful ruler of Great Britain and Ireland and instead referred to him as the "Cardinal Duke of York". He was most widely known as the Duke of York, a title in the Jacobite peerage granted to him by his father.

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13/07/1793

Jean-Paul Marat, Swiss-French physician, scientist and theorist (born 1743)

Jean-Paul Marat was a French political theorist, physician, and scientist. A journalist and politician during the French Revolution, he was a vigorous defender of the sans-culottes, a radical voice, and published his views in pamphlets, placards and newspapers. His periodical L'Ami du peuple made him an unofficial link with the radical Jacobin group that came to power after June 1793.

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13/07/1789

Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist and academic (born 1715)

Victor de Riqueti, Marquis de Mirabeau was a French economist of the Physiocratic school. He was the father of Honoré, Comte de Mirabeau and André Boniface Louis Riqueti de Mirabeau. He was, in distinction, often referred to as the elder Mirabeau as he had a younger brother, Jean-Antoine Riqueti de Mirabeau (1717–1794).

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13/07/1762

James Bradley, English priest and astronomer (born 1693)

James Bradley was an English astronomer and priest who served as the third Astronomer Royal from 1742. He is best known for two fundamental discoveries in astronomy, the aberration of light (1725–1728), and the nutation of the Earth's axis (1728–1748).

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13/07/1755

Edward Braddock, Scottish general (born 1695)

Major-General Edward Braddock was a British Army officer who served in the War of the Austrian Succession and French and Indian War. He is best known for his command of a disastrous expedition against French forces in the Ohio River Valley in 1755 which led to his death.

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13/07/1683

Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1631)

Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, also spelt Capel, of Cassiobury House, Watford, Hertfordshire, was an English statesman.

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13/07/1629

Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (born 1585)

Caspar Bartholin the Elder was a Danish physician, scientist and theologian.

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13/07/1628

Robert Shirley, English soldier and diplomat (born 1581)

Robert Shirley was an English traveller and adventurer, younger brother of Anthony Shirley and Thomas Shirley. He is notable for his role in modernizing and improving the Military of Safavid Iran in accordance with the English model at the request of Emperor Abbas the Great. This proved to be highly successful, as from then on the Safavids proved to be an equal force to their archrival, the Ottoman Empire.

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13/07/1626

Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (born 1563)

Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, was an English courtier, soldier, and landowner. He was chamberlain to Anne of Denmark.

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13/07/1621

Albert VII, archduke of Austria (born 1559)

Albert VII was the ruling Archduke of Austria for a few months in 1619 and, jointly with his wife, Isabella Clara Eugenia, sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands between 1598 and 1621. Prior to this, he had been a cardinal, Archbishop of Toledo, viceroy of Portugal and Governor General of the Habsburg Netherlands. He succeeded his brother Matthias as reigning archduke of Lower and Upper Austria, but abdicated in favor of Ferdinand II the same year, making it the shortest reign in Austrian history.

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13/07/1617

Adam Wenceslaus, duke of Cieszyn (born 1574)

Adam Wenceslaus of Cieszyn was a Duke of Cieszyn from 1579 until his death.

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13/07/1551

John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (born 1490)

Sir John Wallop, KG was an English soldier and diplomat who belonged to an old Hampshire family from the village of Farleigh Wallop.

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13/07/1491

Afonso, Portuguese prince (born 1475)

Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal was the heir apparent to the throne of Portugal. He was born in Lisbon, Portugal, and died in a horse-riding accident on the banks of the river Tagus.

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13/07/1399

Peter Parler, German architect, designed St. Vitus Cathedral and Charles Bridge (born 1330)

Peter Parler was a German-Bohemian architect and sculptor from the Parler family of master builders. Along with his father, Heinrich Parler, he is one of the most prominent and influential craftsmen of the Middle Ages. Born and apprenticed in the town of Schwäbisch Gmünd, Peter worked at several important late Medieval building sites, including Strasbourg, Cologne, and Nuremberg. After 1356 he lived in Prague, capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and seat of the Holy Roman Empire, where he created his most famous works: St. Vitus Cathedral and the Charles Bridge.

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13/07/1380

Bertrand du Guesclin, French nobleman and knight (born 1320)

Bertrand du Guesclin, nicknamed "The Eagle of Brittany" or "The Black Dog of Brocéliande", was a Breton knight and an important military commander on the French side during the Hundred Years' War. From 1370 to his death, he was Constable of France for King Charles V. Well known for his Fabian strategy of avoiding major battles where possible, he took part in seven pitched battles and won the five in which he held command.

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13/07/1357

Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian academic and jurist (born 1313)

Bartolus de Saxoferrato was an Italian law professor and one of the most prominent continental jurists of Medieval Roman Law. He belonged to the school known as the commentators or postglossators. The admiration of later generations of civil lawyers is shown by the adage nemo bonus íurista nisi bartolista—"no one is a good lawyer unless he is a Bartolist".

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13/07/1205

Hubert Walter, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of The United Kingdom (born 1160)

Hubert Walter was an influential royal adviser in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries in the positions of Chief Justiciar of England, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor. As chancellor, Walter began the keeping of the Charter Roll, a record of all charters issued by the chancery. Walter was not noted for his holiness in life or learning, but historians have judged him one of the most outstanding government ministers in English history.

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13/07/1105

Rashi, French rabbi and commentator (born 1040)

Shlomo Yitzchaki, commonly known by the Rabbinic acronym Rashi (רש"י), was a French rabbi and commentator who authored comprehensive commentaries on the Talmud and Hebrew Bible.

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13/07/1024

Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 973)

Henry II, also known as Saint Henry, Obl. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor from 1014. He died without an heir in 1024 and was the last ruler of the Ottonian line. As Duke of Bavaria, appointed in 995, Henry became King of the Romans following the sudden death of his second cousin, Emperor Otto III in 1002, was made King of Italy in 1004, and crowned emperor by Pope Benedict VIII in 1014.

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13/07/0982

Gunther, margrave of Merseburg

Gunther was the Margrave of Merseburg from 965 until his death, upon which the march of Merseburg was united to that of Meissen.

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Henry I, bishop of Augsburg

Henri I of Augsburg was the count of Geisenhausen and the bishop of Augsburg from 973 to his death. He succeeded Saint Ulrich of Augsburg. A bellicose warrior-bishop, under him the diocese suffered. Henry was the only son of Burkhard Margrave of Marcha Orientalis and his wife Adelheid, a daughter of Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria.

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Pandulf II, Lombard prince

Pandulf II was the prince of Salerno (981), the second of such princes of the family of the princes of Capua. He was originally appointed heir to the childless Gisulf I of Salerno, who had been reinstated on his throne by Pandulf's father, Pandulf Ironhead. On the former's death in 977, he succeeded him as co-prince of Salerno with his father. On the latter's death in March 981, the Ironhead's great principality was divided such that he inherited only Salerno, while Capua-Benevento went to his elder brother Landulf IV.

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Landulf IV, Lombard prince

Landulf IV was the prince of Capua and Benevento from 968, when he was associated with his father, Pandulf Ironhead, and prince of Salerno associated with his father from 977 or 978. In 968, his uncle Landulf III died, which lead to his rise, as Pandulf ignored the rights of Landulf II's son Pandulf II, his nephew, and instead associated his own son with the government.

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Abu'l-Qasim, Kalbid emir of Sicily

Abu'l-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi, known to the Byzantine Greeks as Bolkasimos (Βολκάσιμος), was the third Emir of Sicily. He ruled from June 23, 970 to his death in battle on July 13, 982.

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13/07/0939

Leo VII, pope of the Catholic Church

Pope Leo VII was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from 3 January 936 to his death.

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13/07/0884

Huang Chao, Chinese rebel leader (born 835)

Huang Chao was a wealthy Chinese salt trader and soldier who is primarily known for instigating the Huang Chao Rebellion. In 878, he proclaimed himself emperor and the establishment of a new Qi dynasty. Huang Chao's rebellion severely weakened and almost defeated the Tang dynasty had he not been betrayed and assassinated by one of his own trusted nephews who had been bribed with money and positions of power by the Tang government.

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13/07/0815

Wu Yuanheng, Chinese poet and politician (born 758)

Wu Yuanheng, courtesy name Bocang (伯蒼), formally Duke Zhongmin of Linhuai (臨淮忠湣公), was a Chinese poet and politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. Wu descended from a family of officials related to Empress Wu Zetian of Zhou and rose in the Tang bureaucracy during Emperor Dezong's reign, holding senior positions in the provinces and at court. After Dezong's grandson Xianzong ascended the throne, Wu became a chancellor and later served with distinction as governor of Xichuan Circuit in modern Chengdu, where he was a patron of the eminent poet Xue Tao. He returned to court in 813 to serve as chancellor and director of the examination bureau, and in that capacity supervised the court's campaign against the Henan warlord Wu Yuanji. On 13 July 815, Wu was assassinated in the imperial capital of Chang'an by agents of Wu Yuanji's ally Li Shidao, the military governor of Pinglu Circuit in Shandong.

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13/07/0716

Rui Zong, Chinese emperor (born 662)

Emperor Ruizong of Tang, personal name Li Dan, also known at times during his life as Li Xulun, Li Lun, Wu Lun, and Wu Dan, was the fifth and ninth emperor of the Chinese Tang dynasty. He was the eighth son of Emperor Gaozong and the fourth son of Emperor Gaozong's second wife Empress Wu. He was wholly a figurehead during his first reign (684–690), when he was controlled by his mother. During his second reign after his mother's death, significant power and influence was exercised by his sister Princess Taiping.

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13/07/0574

John III, pope of the Catholic Church

Pope John III, born Catelinus, was the bishop of Rome from 17 July 561 to his death on 13 July 574.

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