Died on Sunday, 27th July – Famous Deaths

27/07/2024

Edna O'Brien, Irish novelist, playwright, poet and short story writer (born 1930)

Josephine Edna O'Brien was an Irish novelist, memoirist, playwright, poet and short-story writer.

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Pavel Kushnir, Russian pianist, writer, activist and political prisoner (born 1984)

Pavel Mikhailovich Kushnir was a Russian pianist, writer, and political activist, who became the first political prisoner in modern Russia to die during a hunger strike. Born into a musical family in Tambov, Kushnir displayed exceptional talent as a pianist from an early age, performing at 17 the complete cycle of 24 Preludes and Fugues by Shostakovich. After graduating from the Moscow Conservatory in 2007, he worked as a pianist and accompanist in various Russian cities, eventually becoming a soloist with the Birobidzhan Regional Philharmonia in 2023.

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27/07/2022

Tony Dow, American actor, film producer, director, and sculptor (born 1945)

Anthony Lee Dow was an American actor. He portrayed Wally Cleaver in the iconic television sitcom Leave It to Beaver from 1957 to 1963. From 1983 to 1989, Dow reprised his role as Wally in a television movie and in The New Leave It to Beaver.

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27/07/2018

Marco Aurelio Denegri, Peruvian literature critic, television host and sexologist

Marco Aurelio Denegri Santa Gadea was a Peruvian intellectual, literary critic, television host and sexologist.

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27/07/2017

Sam Shepard, American playwright, actor, author, screenwriter, and director (born 1943)

Samuel Shepard Rogers III was an American playwright, actor, director, screenwriter, author and musician whose career spanned half a century. He wrote 58 plays and several books of short stories, essays, and memoirs. His accolades include the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, the Drama Desk Award, the PEN/Laura Pels Theater Award, and a record 10 Obie Awards. He was nominated for two Tony Awards, an Academy Award, an Emmy Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Golden Globe. He was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1994. The New York magazine described Shepard as "the greatest American playwright of his generation."

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27/07/2016

Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (born 1928)

Einojuhani Rautavaara was a Finnish composer of classical music. Among the most notable Finnish composers since Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), Rautavaara wrote a great number of works spanning various styles. These include eight symphonies, nine operas and fifteen concertos, as well as numerous vocal and chamber works. Having written early works using 12-tone serial techniques, his later music may be described as neo-romantic and mystical. His major works include his first piano concerto (1969), Cantus Arcticus (1972) and his seventh symphony, Angel of Light (1994).

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James Alan McPherson, American short story writer and essayist (born 1943)

James Alan McPherson was an American essayist and short-story writer. He was the first African-American writer to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and was included among the first group of artists who received a MacArthur Fellowship. At the time of his death, McPherson was a professor emeritus of fiction at the Iowa Writers' Workshop.

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Jerry Doyle, American actor and talk show host (born 1956)

Jerry Doyle was an American talk radio host, political commentator, television actor and founder of the content platform EpicTimes. His nationally syndicated talk show, The Jerry Doyle Show, aired throughout the United States on Talk Radio Network. As an actor, Doyle was best known as security chief Michael Garibaldi in the science fiction series Babylon 5 (1994–1998).

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Piet de Jong, Dutch politician and naval officer, Minister of Defence, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (born 1915)

Petrus Jozef Sietse "Piet" de Jong was a Dutch politician and naval officer who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1967 to 1971. He was a member of the Catholic People's Party (KVP), later merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

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27/07/2015

Rickey Grundy, American singer-songwriter (born 1959)

Ricky R. Grundy, who went by the stage name Rickey Grundy, was an American gospel musician and leader of The Rickey Grundy Chorale. He started his music career in 1988, with Sparrow Records releasing Spirit Come Down, and they released two albums that placed on the Billboard magazine Gospel Albums chart. Grundy died on July 27, 2015, after a season of health complications.

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Indian engineer, academic, and politician, 11th President of India (born 1931)

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the president of India from 2002 to 2007.

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Samuel Pisar, Polish-born American lawyer and author (born 1929)

Samuel Pisar was a Polish-American lawyer, author, and Holocaust survivor.

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Anthony Shaw, English general (born 1930)

Major-General Anthony John Shaw was a senior British Army officer, who was Director General of the Army Medical Services from 1988 to 1990.

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27/07/2014

Richard Bolt, New Zealand air marshal and pilot (born 1923)

Air Marshal Sir Richard Bruce Bolt, was a bomber pilot in the Second World War and a senior Royal New Zealand Air Force officer in the post-war years. He was Chief of the Air Staff from 1974 to 1976 and Chief of the Defence Staff from 1976 to 1980, when he retired from the military.

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George Freese, American baseball player and coach (born 1926)

George Walter Freese was an American third baseman in Major League Baseball. He played for the Detroit Tigers in 1953, Pittsburgh Pirates in 1955 and Chicago Cubs in 1961. Freese attended West Virginia University, where he played college baseball for the Mountaineers in 1947. While at West Virginia he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity.

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Wallace Jones, American basketball player and coach (born 1926)

Wallace Clayton "Wah Wah" Jones was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1949 to 1952 with the Indianapolis Olympians.

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Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (born 1929)

Francesco Marchisano was an Italian Cardinal who worked in the Roman Curia from 1956 until his death.

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Paul Schell, American lawyer and politician, 50th Mayor of Seattle (born 1937)

Paul Schell was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 50th mayor of Seattle, Washington, from 1998 to 2002.

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27/07/2013

Fernando Alonso, Cuban dancer, co-founded the Cuban National Ballet (born 1914)

Fernando Alonso was a Cuban ballet dancer. He is a co-founder of the Cuban National Ballet and was part of the American Ballet Theatre company between 1940 until 1948. He received the Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement in 2008.

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Lindy Boggs, American politician and diplomat, 5th United States Ambassador to the Holy See (born 1916)

Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne Boggs was a politician who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives and later as United States Ambassador to the Holy See. She was the first woman elected to Congress from Louisiana. She was also a permanent chairwoman of the 1976 Democratic National Convention, which met in New York City to nominate the Carter-Mondale ticket. She was the first woman to preside over a major party convention.

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Bud Day, American colonel and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1925)

George Everette "Bud" Day was a United States Air Force officer, aviator, and veteran of World War II, Korean War and Vietnam War. He was also a prisoner of war, and recipient of the Medal of Honor and Air Force Cross. As of 2025, he is the only person to be awarded both the Medal of Honor and Air Force Cross. He was posthumously advanced to the rank of brigadier general effective March 27, 2018, as directed by the 2017 National Defense Authorization Act.

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Kidd Kraddick, American radio host (born 1959)

David Peter Cradick was an American radio host and television personality, known as Kidd Kraddick. His nationally syndicated morning radio show, The Kidd Kraddick Morning Show, is based in Irving, Texas, and aired throughout the United States, syndicated by Kraddick's company, YEA Media Group. He was also seen on the nationally syndicated Dish Nation television show weeknights around the United States.

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Ilya Segalovich, Russian businessman, co-founded Yandex (born 1964)

Ilya Valentinovich Segalovich was a co-founder of Russian company Yandex. He was CTO and director of Yandex since 2000 until his death in 2013. Segalovich proposed the name “Yandex” for the search engine, derived from the idea of “Yet Another iNDEX”.

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27/07/2012

Norman Alden, American actor (born 1924)

Norman Alden was an American character actor who performed in television programs and motion pictures. He first appeared on television on The 20th Century Fox Hour in 1957. He provided the voice of Sir Kay in The Sword in the Stone (1963), and had a notable role in I Never Promised You a Rose Garden. His acting career began in 1957 and lasted nearly 50 years. He is also known for playing Kranix in The Transformers: The Movie (1986). He retired from acting in 2006. He died on July 27, 2012, at the age of 87.

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R. G. Armstrong, American actor and playwright (born 1917)

Robert Golden Armstrong Jr. was an American character actor and playwright. A veteran performer who appeared in dozens of Westerns during his 40-year career, he may be best remembered for his work with director Sam Peckinpah.

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Darryl Cotton, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (born 1949)

Darryl Grant Cotton was an Australian pop, rock singer-songwriter, television presenter and actor. He was a founding member of Australian rock group Zoot in 1965, with Beeb Birtles, and were later joined by Rick Brewer and Rick Springfield. As a solo artist Cotton released the albums, Best Seat in the House (1980), It's Rock 'n' Good Fun (1984) and Let the Children Sing (1994). In April 1980 his biggest solo hit, "Same Old Girl", which was co-written by Cotton, peaked at No. 6 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. He acted in the TV soap opera, The Young Doctors (1979), and on stage as Joseph in the theatre production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat (1983).

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Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (born 1944)

Geoffrey William Hughes DL was an English actor. Hughes provided the voice of Paul McCartney in the animated film Yellow Submarine (1968), and rose to fame for portraying bin man Eddie Yeats in the long-running British soap opera Coronation Street from 1974 to 1983, making a return to the show in 1987. He is well known for playing loveable slob Onslow in the British sitcom Keeping Up Appearances (1990–1995) and "Twiggy" in the sitcom The Royle Family, playing the part from 1998 to 2008.

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Tony Martin, American actor and singer (born 1913)

Alvin Morris, known professionally as Tony Martin, was an American actor and singer of popular music.

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Jack Taylor, English footballer and referee (born 1930)

John Keith Taylor was an English football referee. Later described by the Football League as "perhaps the finest English referee of all time", Taylor was famous for officiating in the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final during which he awarded two penalties in the first 30 minutes. The first of these penalties, awarded after just a minute of play, was the first penalty kick awarded in a World Cup final.

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27/07/2010

Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (born 1949)

Maury Alan Chaykin was an American-Canadian actor. Described as "one of the most recognizable faces in Canadian cinema," he was best known for his portrayal of Rex Stout's detective Nero Wolfe on the television series A Nero Wolfe Mystery (2001–2002), as well as for his work as a character actor in many films and television programs.

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Jack Tatum, American football player (born 1948)

John David Tatum was an American professional football safety who played 10 seasons from 1971 through 1980 with the Oakland Raiders and the Houston Oilers in the National Football League (NFL). He was popularly nicknamed as "the Assassin" because of his playing style. Tatum was voted to three consecutive Pro Bowls (1973–1975) and played on one Super Bowl-winning team in nine seasons with the Raiders. He is also known for a hit he made against New England Patriots wide receiver Darryl Stingley in a 1978 preseason game that paralyzed Stingley from the neck down. He won a national championship at Ohio State.

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27/07/2008

Youssef Chahine, Egyptian director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1926)

Youssef Chahine was an Egyptian film director. He was active in the Egyptian film industry from 1950 until his death in 2008. He directed twelve films included in a list of Top 100 Egyptian films published by the Cairo International Film Festival. A winner of the Cannes 50th Anniversary Award, Chahine was credited with launching the career of actor Omar Sharif. A well-regarded director with critics, he was often present at film festivals during the earlier decades of his work. Chahine gained his largest international audience as one of the co-directors of 11'9"01 September 11 (2002).

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Horst Stein, German-born Swiss conductor (born 1928)

Horst Walter Stein was a German conductor.

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Isaac Saba Raffoul, Mexican businessman (born 1923)

Isaac Saba Raffoul was a Mexican businessman of Syrian Jewish descent; his father emigrated from Aleppo, Syria to Veracruz, Mexico where he started a rag business which the family built on. Isaac Saba Raffoul was one of the wealthiest persons in the world according to Forbes magazine, with a net worth of $2.1 billion. He had been married to wife Rebecca for over 40 years and had three sons: Moises, Manuel and Alberto.

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27/07/2007

James Oyebola, Nigerian-English boxer (born 1961)

James Oyebola was a Nigerian and British heavyweight boxer who won a bronze medal at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in the super heavyweight division. Oyebola was the British heavyweight champion from 1994 to 1996.

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27/07/2006

Maryann Mahaffey, American academic and politician (born 1925)

Maryann Mahaffey was an American politician and activist.

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27/07/2005

Al Held, American painter and academic (born 1928)

Al Held was an American Abstract expressionist painter. He was particularly well known for his large scale Hard-edge paintings. As an artist, multiple stylistic changes occurred throughout his career, however, none of these occurred at the same time as any popular emerging style or acted against a particular art form. In the 1950s his style reflected the abstract expressionist tone and then transitioned to a geometric style in the 1960s. During the 1980s, there was a shift into painting that emphasized bright geometric space the deepness of which reflected infinity. From 1963 to 1980 he was a professor of art at Yale University.

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Marten Toonder, Dutch author and illustrator (born 1912)

Marten Toonder was a Dutch comic strip creator. He was probably the most successful comic artist in the Netherlands and had a great influence on the Dutch language by introducing new words and expressions. He is most famous for his series Tom Puss and Panda.

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27/07/2003

Vance Hartke, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (born 1919)

Rupert Vance Hartke was an American politician who served as a Democratic United States senator from Indiana from 1959 until 1977. Hartke was elected to the Senate after serving as the mayor of Evansville, Indiana. In the Senate, he supported the Great Society and became a prominent opponent of the Vietnam War. Hartke ran for president in the 1972 Democratic primaries but withdrew after the first set of primaries. He left the Senate after losing his 1976 reelection campaign to Richard Lugar.

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Bob Hope, English-American actor, comedian, television personality, and businessman (born 1903)

Lester Townes "Bob" Hope was a British-born American comedian, actor, entertainer and producer with a career that spanned nearly 80 years and achievements in vaudeville, network radio, television, and USO Tours. He appeared in more than 70 short and feature films, starring in 54, including a series of seven Road to ... musical comedy films with Bing Crosby as his partner. He reached his 100th birthday 59 days before he died in 2003.

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27/07/2001

Rhonda Sing, Canadian wrestler (born 1961)

Rhonda Ann Sing was a Canadian professional wrestler. After training with Mildred Burke, she wrestled in All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling under the ring name Monster Ripper. In 1987, she returned to Canada and began working with Stampede Wrestling, where she was their first Stampede Women's Champion. In 1995, she worked in the World Wrestling Federation as the comedic character Bertha Faye, winning the WWF Women's Championship. She also wrestled in World Championship Wrestling to help generate interest in their women's division.

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Leon Wilkeson, American bass player and songwriter (born 1952)

Leon Russell Wilkeson was an American musician. He was the bassist of the southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1972 until his death in 2001.

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27/07/2000

Gordon Solie, American sportscaster (born 1929)

Gordon Solie was an American professional wrestling play-by-play announcer. He is best known for working for Georgia Championship Wrestling, Championship Wrestling from Florida, USA Championship Wrestling, Continental Championship Wrestling, and World Championship Wrestling. He is regarded by many as one of the greatest and most influential wrestling announcers.

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27/07/1999

Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician, physicist, and mountaineer (born 1912)

Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, physicist, philosopher and mountaineer.

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Harry Edison, American trumpet player (born 1915)

Harry "Sweets" Edison was an American jazz trumpeter and a member of the Count Basie Orchestra. His most important contribution was as a Hollywood studio musician, whose muted trumpet can be heard backing singers, most notably Frank Sinatra.

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27/07/1998

Binnie Barnes, English-American actress (born 1903)

Gertrude Maud Barnes, known professionally as Binnie Barnes, was an English actress whose career in films spanned from 1923 to 1973. She was known as a leading lady in films such as The Private Life of Henry VIII, The Last of the Mohicans, and In Old California.

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27/07/1995

Melih Esenbel, Turkish politician and diplomat, 20th Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1915)

Melih Rauf Esenbel was a Turkish diplomat and former Minister of Foreign Affairs.

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Rick Ferrell, American baseball player and coach (born 1905)

Richard Benjamin Ferrell was an American professional baseball player, coach, scout, and executive. He played for 18 seasons as a catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1929 through 1947 for the St. Louis Browns, Boston Red Sox, and Washington Senators. His brother, Wes Ferrell, was a major league pitcher for 15 seasons, and they were teammates from 1933 through part of 1938 on the Red Sox and Senators. Following his three seasons in minor league baseball, he appealed to the Commissioner of Baseball to become a free agent, claiming that he was being held in the minors though he deserved promotion. The Commissioner agreed, and he was granted free agency; he signed with the St. Louis Browns.

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Miklós Rózsa, Hungarian-American composer and conductor (born 1907)

Miklós Rózsa was a Hungarian-American composer trained in Germany (1925–1931) and active in France (1931–1935), the United Kingdom (1935–1940), and the United States (1940–1995), with extensive sojourns in Italy from 1953 onward. Best known for his nearly one hundred film scores, he nevertheless maintained a steadfast allegiance to absolute concert music throughout what he called his "double life".

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27/07/1994

Kevin Carter, South African photographer and journalist (born 1960)

Kevin Carter was a South African photojournalist and member of the Bang-Bang Club. He was the recipient in 1994 of a Pulitzer Prize for his photograph depicting the 1993 famine in Sudan; he died by suicide less than four months afterwards, at the age of 33. His story is depicted in the book The Bang-Bang Club, written by Greg Marinovich and João Silva and published in 2000.

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27/07/1993

Reggie Lewis, American basketball player (born 1965)

Reginald C. Lewis was an American professional basketball player for the National Basketball Association's Boston Celtics from 1987 to 1993. At the age of 27, Lewis died while still a member of the Celtics, and his number was posthumously retired by the team.

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27/07/1992

Max Dupain, Australian photographer and educator (born 1911)

Maxwell Spencer Dupain AC OBE was an Australian modernist photographer.

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Tzeni Karezi, Greek actress and screenwriter

Tzeni Karezi also known as Jenny Karezi, was a Greek film and stage actress.

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27/07/1991

John Friedrich, German-Australian engineer and conman (born 1950)

Johann Friedrich Hohenberger OAM, also known as John Friedrich, was executive director of the National Safety Council of Australia during the 1980s. He was the subject of Victoria's biggest fraud case and known as "Australia's greatest conman".

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27/07/1990

Bobby Day, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (born 1928)

Robert James Byrd, known by the stage name Bobby Day, was an American singer, multi-instrumentalist, music producer, and songwriter. He is best known for his hit record "Rockin' Robin", written by Leon René under the pseudonym Jimmie Thomas. Day also wrote the top-10 Billboard hits "Little Bitty Pretty One" and "Over and Over".

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René Toribio, Guadeloupean politician (born 1912)

René Toribio was a French politician and was a member of the French Senate representing Guadeloupe from 1959 to 1968.

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27/07/1988

Frank Zamboni, American inventor and businessman, founded the Zamboni Company (born 1901)

Frank Joseph Zamboni Jr. was an American businessman and inventor whose most famous invention is the modern ice resurfacer, with his surname being registered as a trademark for these devices.

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27/07/1987

Travis Jackson, American baseball player, coach, and manager (born 1903)

Travis Calvin Jackson was an American baseball shortstop. In Major League Baseball (MLB), Jackson played for the New York Giants from 1922 through 1936, winning the 1933 World Series, and representing the Giants in the MLB All-Star Game in 1934. After his retirement as a player, Jackson managed in minor league baseball through to the 1960 season.

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27/07/1985

Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player and coach (born 1889)

Howard Ellsworth "Smoky Joe" Wood was an American professional baseball player for 14 years. He played for the Boston Red Sox from 1908 to 1915, where he was primarily a pitcher, and for the Cleveland Indians from 1917 to 1922, where he was primarily an outfielder. Wood is one of only 13 pitchers to win 30 or more games in one season since 1900.

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27/07/1984

James Mason, English actor (born 1909)

James Neville Mason was an English actor. He achieved considerable success in British cinema before becoming a star in Hollywood. He was nominated for three Academy Awards, three Golden Globes and two BAFTA Awards in his career.

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27/07/1981

William Wyler, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1902)

William Wyler was a German-born American film director and producer. Known for his work in numerous genres over five decades, he received numerous awards and accolades, including three Academy Awards. He holds the record of twelve nominations for the Academy Award for Best Director. For his oeuvre of work, Wyler was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, the Directors Guild of America Lifetime Achievement Award, and the American Film Institute Life Achievement Award.

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Elizabeth Rona, Hungarian American nuclear chemist (born 1890)

Elizabeth Rona was a Hungarian nuclear chemist, known for her work with radioactive isotopes. After developing an enhanced method of preparing polonium samples, she was recognized internationally as the leading expert in isotope separation and polonium preparation. Between 1914 and 1918, during her postdoctoral study with George de Hevesy, she developed a theory that the velocity of diffusion depended on the mass of the nuclides. As only a few atomic elements had been identified, her confirmation of the existence of "Uranium-Y" was a major contribution to nuclear chemistry. She was awarded the Haitinger Prize by the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1933.

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27/07/1980

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iranian Shah (born 1919)

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the last Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979. He succeeded his father Reza Shah and ruled the Imperial State of Iran until he was overthrown in the Islamic Revolution led by Ruhollah Khomeini, which abolished the Iranian monarchy to establish the Islamic Republic of Iran. In 1967, he took the title Shahanshah, and held several others, including Aryamehr and Bozorg Arteshtaran. He was the second and last ruling monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty.

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Rushdy Abaza, Egyptian actor (born 1926)

Rushdy Saeed Baghdadi Abaza was an Egyptian film and television actor. He was considered one of the most charming actors in the Egyptian film industry and is one of the most famous. He died of brain cancer at the age of 53.

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27/07/1978

Bob Heffron, New Zealand-Australian miner and politician, 30th Premier of New South Wales (born 1890)

Robert James Heffron, also known as Bob Heffron or R. J. Heffron, was a long-serving New South Wales politician, union organiser and Australian Labor Party (ALP) Premier of New South Wales from 1959 to 1964. Born in New Zealand, Heffron became involved in various Socialist and labour movements in New Zealand and later Australia before joining the Australian Labor Party. A prominent unionist organiser, he was gaoled for "conspiracy to strike action". He was later elected to the Parliament of New South Wales for Botany in 1930. However his disputes with party leader Jack Lang led to his expulsion from the ALP in 1936 and Heffron formed his own party from disgruntled Labor MPs known as the Industrial Labor Party. The success of his party enabled his readmission to the party and his prominence in a post-Lang NSW Branch which won office in 1941.

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Willem van Otterloo, Dutch cellist, composer, and conductor (born 1907)

Jan Willem van Otterloo was a Dutch conductor, cellist and composer.

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27/07/1975

Alfred Duraiappah, Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer and politician (born 1926)

Alfred Thangarajah Duraiappah was a Sri Lankan lawyer who served as Mayor of Jaffna from 1970 until his assassination. He was also a Member of Parliament for Jaffna from 1960 to 1965. Duraiappah was killed by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.

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Kristian Welhaven, Norwegian police officer (born 1883)

Kristian Welhaven was a Norwegian police officer. He was chief of police of Oslo for 27 years, from 1927 to 1954. He was a leading force in establishing an organized Norwegian intelligence service before World War II, and in re-establishing it after the war. During the war years Welhaven was arrested by the Germans and imprisoned in both Norway and Germany, before spending the remainder of the war as a civilian internee in Bavaria.

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27/07/1971

Charlie Tully, Irish footballer and manager (born 1924)

Charles Patrick Tully was a Northern Irish football player and manager who played for Celtic.

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27/07/1970

António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese economist and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal (born 1889)

António de Oliveira Salazar was a Portuguese dictator, academic, and economist who served as President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. Having come to power under the Ditadura Nacional, he reframed the regime as the corporatist Estado Novo, with himself as dictator. The regime he created lasted until 1974, making it one of the longest-lived authoritarian dictatorships in modern Europe.

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27/07/1968

Babe Adams, American baseball player and manager (born 1882)

Charles Benjamin "Babe" Adams was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1906 to 1926 who spent nearly his entire career with the Pittsburgh Pirates. Noted for his outstanding control, his career average of 1.29 walks per 9 innings pitched was the second lowest of the 20th century; his 1920 mark of 1 walk per 14.6 innings was a modern record until 2005. He shares the Pirates' franchise record for career victories by a right-hander (194), and holds the team mark for career shutouts (47); from 1926 to 1962, he held the team record for career games pitched (481).

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27/07/1967

Tone Peruško, Croatian educator and social worker (born 1905)

Tone Peruško, was a Croatian educator, social worker and writer.

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27/07/1965

Daniel-Rops, French historian and author (born 1901)

Henri Jules Charles Petiot, known by the pen name Henri Daniel-Rops, was a French Catholic writer and historian.

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27/07/1964

Winifred Lenihan, American actress, writer, and director (born 1898)

Winifred Lenihan was an American actress, writer, and director. She studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts before making her debut in 1918. Although she portrayed the would-be eloper Anne in The Dover Road (1921), Anne Hathaway in Will Shakespeare (1923), and the resourceful Mary Todd in White Wings (1926), she is recalled mostly as Joan of Arc in the original American production of Saint Joan (1923).

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27/07/1963

Hooks Dauss, American baseball player (born 1889)

George August "Hooks" Dauss was an American professional baseball player from 1909 to 1926. He played 15 seasons of Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher for the Detroit Tigers from 1912 to 1926. He was given the nickname "Hooks", because his curveball was hard to hit. He compiled a career record of 223–182 with a 3.30 earned run average (ERA). His best years were 1915 when he had a 24–13 record, 1919 with a 21–9 record, and 1923 with a 21–13 record. Dauss's 223 wins are still the most for a pitcher in Tigers franchise history, and he is one of only 13 pitchers to record at least 200 wins all with one team.

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Garrett Morgan, American inventor (born 1877)

Garrett Augustus Morgan Sr. was an American inventor, businessman, and community leader. His most notable inventions were a protective 'smoke hood' that he notably used in a 1916 tunnel construction disaster rescue, a type of three-way traffic light invented in 1923, a hair-straightening cream, and other hair-care products. Morgan created a successful company called "G. A. Morgan Hair Refining Company" based on his hair product inventions. He was involved in African Americans' civic and political advancement, especially in and around Cleveland, Ohio.

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27/07/1962

Richard Aldington, English poet and author (born 1892)

Richard Aldington was an English writer and poet. He was an early associate of the Imagist movement. His 50-year writing career produced "143 separate titles, including poetry, literary criticism, fiction, essays, anthologies, biographies, translations, and introductions. In addition, he published reviews of over 1,350 separate books, published hundreds of other articles, and wrote an immense quantity of letters, of which approximately 8,000 have been located since his death." He edited The Egoist, a literary journal, and wrote for The Times Literary Supplement, Vogue, The Criterion, and Poetry. His biography, Wellington (1946), won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.

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James H. Kindelberger, American pilot and businessman (born 1895)

James Howard "Dutch" Kindelberger was an American aviation pioneer. He led North American Aviation from 1934 until 1960. An extroverted character, Kindelberger was famed for his emphasis on hard work, orderliness and punctuality.

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27/07/1960

Julie Vinter Hansen, Danish-Swiss astronomer and academic (born 1890)

Julie Marie Vinter Hansen was a Danish astronomer. She was the first woman in Denmark to earn an academic degree in astronomy.

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27/07/1958

Claire Lee Chennault, American general and pilot (born 1893)

Claire Lee Chennault was an American military aviator best known for his leadership of the "Flying Tigers" and the Chinese Nationalist Air Force in World War II.

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27/07/1951

Paul Kogerman, Estonian chemist and politician, 22nd Estonian Minister of Education (born 1891)

Paul Nikolai Kogerman was an Estonian chemist and founder of modern research in oil shale.

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27/07/1948

Woolf Barnato, English race car driver and businessman (born 1898)

Joel Woolf Barnato was a British financier and racing driver, one of the "Bentley Boys" of the 1920s. He achieved three consecutive wins out of three entries in the 24 Hours of Le Mans race.

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Joe Tinker, American baseball player and manager (born 1880)

Joseph Bert Tinker was an American professional baseball player and manager. He played from 1902 through 1916 for the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Chicago Whales of the Federal League.

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27/07/1946

Gertrude Stein, American novelist, poet, and playwright (born 1874)

Gertrude Stein was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector. Born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and raised in Oakland, California, Stein moved to Paris in 1903, and made France her home for the remainder of her life. She hosted a Paris salon, where the leading figures of modernism in literature and art, such as Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson and Henri Matisse, would meet.

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27/07/1942

Karl Pärsimägi, Estonian painter (born 1902)

Karl Pärsimägi was an Estonian Fauvist painter. He was murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp after being arrested in Paris.

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Hermann Brauneck, German physician and SA general (born 1894)

Hermann Max-Gustav Brauneck was a German naval officer, physician and member of the paramilitary Sturmabteilung who rose to the rank of SA-Obergruppenführer. He held several high-level medical staff positions in the Supreme SA Leadership (OSAF) and in the Nazi Party. He was involved in administering the Nazi racial policies and served as a judge on the Hereditary Health Court, deciding whether people considered to have genetic disorders should be forcibly sterilized. Serving as a military doctor in the Kriegsmarine during the Second World War, he was killed in a Russian airstrike on the eastern front.

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27/07/1941

Alfred Henry O'Keeffe, New Zealand painter and educator (born 1858)

Alfred Henry O'Keeffe, was a New Zealand artist and art teacher, who spent the majority of his life in Dunedin. During the first quarter of the twentieth century, he was one of the few New Zealand artists to engage with new ideas while staying in New Zealand. At this time most adventurous New Zealand painters, such as Frances Hodgkins, went overseas. He has sometimes been described as a Vasari - a recorder of artists and their doings - based upon his published recollections, which are the only first hand published account of that milieu.

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27/07/1938

Tom Crean, Irish seaman and explorer (born 1877)

Thomas Crean was an Irish seaman and Antarctic explorer who was awarded the Albert Medal for Lifesaving (AM).

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27/07/1931

Auguste Forel, Swiss neuroanatomist and psychiatrist (born 1848)

Auguste-Henri Forel was a Swiss myrmecologist, neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and former eugenicist, notable for his investigations into the structure of the human brain and that of ants. He is considered a co-founder of the neuron theory. Forel is also known for his early contributions to sexology and psychology. From 1978 until 2000 Forel's image appeared on the 1000 Swiss franc banknote.

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27/07/1924

Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1866)

Ferruccio Busoni was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor, editor, writer, and teacher. His international career and reputation led him to work closely with many of the leading musicians, artists and literary figures of his time, and he was a sought-after keyboard instructor and a teacher of composition.

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27/07/1921

Myrddin Fardd, Welsh writer and antiquarian scholar (born 1836)

John Jones, better known under his nom de plume Myrddin Fardd, was a Welsh writer and antiquarian scholar born at Tan-y-Ffordd in the village of Mynytho, Llangian, Caernarfonshire. He was a translator and a collector of folklore.

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27/07/1917

Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1841)

Emil Theodor Kocher was a Swiss physician and medical researcher who received the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid. Among his many accomplishments are the introduction and promotion of aseptic surgery and scientific methods in surgery, specifically reducing the mortality of thyroidectomies below 1% in his operations.

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27/07/1916

Charles Fryatt, English captain (born 1872)

Charles Algernon Fryatt was a British merchant seaman who was court martialled by the Imperial German Navy for attempting to ram a German U-boat in 1915. When his ship, the SS Brussels, was captured by the Germans off occupied Belgium in 1916, Captain Fryatt was court-martialled under German military law and sentenced to death for "illegal civilian warfare". He was executed by firing squad near Bruges, Belgium. In 1919, his body was reburied with honours in the United Kingdom.

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William Jonas, English footballer (born 1890)

William Jonas, usually known as Billy or Willie, was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Clapton Orient.

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27/07/1883

Montgomery Blair, American lieutenant and politician, 20th United States Postmaster General (born 1813)

Montgomery Blair was an American politician and lawyer from Maryland. He served in the Lincoln administration cabinet as Postmaster-General from 1861 to 1864, during the Civil War. He was the son of Francis Preston Blair, elder brother of Francis Preston Blair Jr. and cousin of B. Gratz Brown.

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27/07/1876

Albertus van Raalte, Dutch-born American minister and author (born 1811)

Albertus Christiaan van Raalte was a Dutch Reformed clergyman who moved to the United States with a group of Dutch emigrants and founded the city of Holland, Michigan, in 1846. In 1851, he was involved in founding the school that would become Hope College.

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27/07/1875

Aleksander Kunileid, Estonian composer and educator (born 1845)

Aleksander Kunileid, was an Estonian composer. He is one of the founding figures of Estonian choral music.

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27/07/1865

Jean-Joseph Dassy, French painter and lithographer (born 1791)

Jean-Joseph Dassy, a French historical and portrait painter, and lithographer, was born at Marseilles on 27 December 1791, and died in the same city on 27 July 1865.

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27/07/1863

William Lowndes Yancey, American journalist and politician (born 1813)

William Lowndes Yancey was an American politician in the Antebellum South. As an influential "Fire-Eater", he defended slavery and urged Southerners to secede from the Union in response to Northern antislavery agitation.

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27/07/1844

John Dalton, English physicist, meteorologist, and chemist (born 1776)

John Dalton was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist whose work laid the foundations of modern atomic theory and stoichiometric chemistry. Building on earlier ideas about the indivisibility of matter and his own precise measurements of combining ratios, Dalton proposed that each chemical element consists of identical atoms of characteristic weight, and that compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in fixed whole-number proportions. His A New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808) presented a coherent atomic model, supplied relative atomic weights and symbolic notation, and established the quantitative framework that shaped nineteenth-century chemistry and remains the basis of modern chemical thought.

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27/07/1841

Mikhail Lermontov, Russian poet and painter (born 1814)

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called "the poet of the Caucasus", the most important Russian poet after Alexander Pushkin's death in 1837 and the greatest figure in Russian Romanticism. His influence on Russian literature is felt in modern times, through his poetry, but also his prose, which founded the tradition of the Russian psychological novel.

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27/07/1770

Robert Dinwiddie, Scottish merchant and politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (born 1693)

Robert Dinwiddie was a Scottish colonial administrator who served as the lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1751 to 1758. Since the governors of Virginia remained in Great Britain, he served as the de facto head of the colony of Virginia. Dinwiddie is credited for starting the military career of George Washington.

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27/07/1759

Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician and philosopher (born 1698)

Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He became the director of the Académie des Sciences and the first president of the Prussian Academy of Science, at the invitation of Frederick the Great.

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27/07/1689

John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (born c. 1648)

Major-General John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee was a Scottish army officer. A Tory and Episcopalian, he was responsible for policing southwest Scotland to suppress religious unrest and rebellion of Covenanters during the late 17th century. His allegedly brutal conduct during this period led him to be nicknamed "Bluidy Clavers".

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27/07/1675

Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general (born 1611)

Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne, commonly known as Turenne, was a French general and one of only six marshals to have been promoted Marshal General of France. The most illustrious member of the La Tour d'Auvergne family, his military exploits over his five-decade career earned him a reputation as one of the greatest military commanders in history.

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27/07/1656

Salomo Glassius, German theologian and critic (born 1593)

Salomo Glassius was a German theologian and biblical critic born at Sondershausen, in the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.

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27/07/1469

William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (born 1423)

William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke KG, known as "Black William", was a Welsh nobleman, soldier, politician, and courtier.

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27/07/1382

Joanna I of Naples (born 1326)

Joanna I, also known as Johanna I, was Queen of Naples, and Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1343 to 1381; she was also Princess of Achaea from 1373 to 1381.

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27/07/1365

Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (born 1339)

Rudolf IV, also called Rudolf the Founder, was a scion of the House of Habsburg who ruled as duke of Austria, Styria and Carinthia from 1358, as well as count of Tyrol from 1363 and as the first duke of Carniola from 1364 until his death. He succeeded his father Albert II, Duke of Austria, who was not included among the seven imperial prince-electors by the Golden Bull of 1356. In order to acquire titles and honors higher than ducal, Rudolf commissioned the "Privilegium Maius", a forged document accompanied by several other forgeries, that were divised in order to elevate Austrian dukes to various titles, rights and privileges. The Emperor Charles IV refused to recognize and confirm the validity of those claims, but in spite of that, Rudolf started to use the archducal title by the middle of 1359, and continued to assert those claims until his death.

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27/07/1276

James I of Aragon (born 1208)

James I the Conqueror was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and King of Valencia from 1238 to 1276. His long reign of 62 years is not only the longest of any Iberian monarch, but one of the longest monarchical reigns in history, ahead of Hirohito of Japan but remaining behind Elizabeth II of Britain, Queen Victoria of Britain, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand, and King Louis XIV of France.

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27/07/1158

Geoffrey VI, Count of Anjou (born 1134)

Geoffrey VI was Count of Nantes from 1156 to 1158. He was also known as Geoffrey of Anjou and Geoffrey FitzEmpress. He was the son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Empress Matilda. His brothers were Henry II of England and William FitzEmpress.

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27/07/1144

Salomea of Berg, High Duchess consort of Poland

Salomea of Berg was a noblewoman of Berg and, by marriage with Prince Bolesław III Wrymouth in 1115, High Duchess of Poland until her husband's death in 1138.

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27/07/1101

Conrad II, king of Italy (born 1074)

Conrad II of Italy, also known as Conrad (III) (12 February 1074 – 27 July 1101), was the Duke of Lower Lorraine (1076–1087), King of Germany (1087–1098) and King of Italy (1093–1098). He was the second son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Bertha of Savoy, and their eldest son to reach adulthood, his older brother Henry having been born and died in the same month of August 1071. Conrad's rule in Lorraine and Germany was nominal. He spent most of his life in Italy and there he was king in fact as well as in name.

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Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester (born c. 1047)

Hugh d'Avranches, nicknamed le Gros or Lupus, was from 1071 the second Norman Earl of Chester and one of the great magnates of early Norman England.

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27/07/1061

Nicholas II, pope of the Catholic Church

Pope Nicholas II, otherwise known as Gerard of Burgundy, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 January 1059 until his death in 27 July 1061. At the time of his election, he was bishop of Florence. During his Papacy, Nicholas II successfully expanded the influence of the papacy in Milan and southern Italy. He was also responsible for passing papal election reforms, the most significant of which restricted the deliberation of candidates to the Cardinal Bishops, thus beginning the process of removing the lesser clergy, religious and nobility of the City from the process.

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27/07/0959

Chai Rong, emperor of Later Zhou

Chai Rong, later known as Guo Rong (郭榮), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou, was the second emperor of the Later Zhou dynasty of China, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He reigned from 954 until his death in 959. He succeeded his uncle-in-law Guo Wei, whose surname he had adopted.

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27/07/0903

Abdallah II of Ifriqiya, Aghlabid emir

Abu 'l-Abbas Abdallah II was the Emir of Ifriqiya from 902 to 903.

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