Died on Tuesday, 29th July – Famous Deaths

29/07/2025

Alon Abutbul, Israeli film, television and theater actor (born 1965)

Alon Moni Abutbul was an Israeli actor. He won the IFFI Best Actor Award (Male) at the 44th International Film Festival of India.

---

29/07/2018

Oliver Dragojević, Croatian recording artist (born 1947)

Oliver Dragojević was a Croatian singer and composer, who was considered one of the most enduring musical stars and cultural icons in Croatia with a discography that spanned nearly five decades. His style blended traditional klapa melodies of Dalmatia, a coastal region in his native Croatia, with jazz motifs wrapped up in a modern production.

---

Nikolai Volkoff, Yugoslav-born American professional wrestler (born 1947)

Josip Hrvoje Peruzović, better known by his ring name Nikolai Volkoff, was a Croatian-American professional wrestler, best known for his time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).

---

29/07/2015

Antony Holland, English-Canadian actor, director, and playwright (born 1920)

Antony Holland was an English actor, playwright and theatre director who until his death in 2015 lived on Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada.

---

Peter O'Sullevan, Anglo-Irish sportscaster (born 1918)

Sir Peter O'Sullevan was an Irish-British horse racing commentator for the BBC, and a correspondent for the Press Association, the Daily Express, and Today. He was the BBC's leading horse racing commentator from 1947 to 1997, during which time he described some of the greatest moments in the history of the Grand National.

---

Mike Pyle, American football player and sportscaster (born 1939)

Michael Johnson Pyle was an American professional football player who was a center for nine seasons between 1961 and 1969 in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Bears. In 2019 he was selected as one of the 100 greatest Bears of All-Time.

---

Franklin H. Westervelt, American computer scientist, engineer, and academic (born 1930)

Franklin Herbert Westervelt was an American engineer, computer scientist, and educator at the University of Michigan and Wayne State University. Westervelt received degrees in Mathematics, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering from the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan. He attained his PhD in 1961. He was a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan and an Associate Director at the U-M Computing Center. He was involved in early studies on how to use computers in engineering education.

---

29/07/2014

M. Caldwell Butler, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (born 1925)

Manley Caldwell Butler was an American lawyer and politician widely admired for his integrity, bipartisanship and courage. A native of Roanoke, Butler served his hometown and wider community first as a member of the Republican Party in the Virginia General Assembly (1962–1972) and later the United States House of Representatives (1972–1983).

---

Jon R. Cavaiani, English-American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1943)

Jonathan Robert Cavaiani was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in the Vietnam War.

---

Giorgio Gaslini, Italian pianist and composer (born 1929)

Giorgio Gaslini was an Italian jazz pianist, composer and conductor.

---

María Antonia Iglesias, Spanish journalist and author (born 1945)

María Antonia Iglesias González was a Spanish writer and journalist.

---

Péter Kiss, Hungarian engineer and politician (born 1959)

Péter Kiss was a Hungarian Socialist politician. In Bajnai's government, he was a minister without portfolio. He was one of the candidates to succeed Péter Medgyessy as prime minister in 2004 but lost to Ferenc Gyurcsány.

---

Idris Muhammad, American drummer and composer (born 1939)

Idris Muhammad was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. He had an extensive career performing jazz, funk, R&B, and soul music and recorded with musicians such as Ahmad Jamal, Lou Donaldson, Pharoah Sanders, Bob James, and Tete Montoliu.

---

Thomas R. St. George, American soldier and author (born 1919)

Thomas R. St. George was an American author, World War II veteran, reporter, editor, columnist and screenwriter. He was born in Simpson, Minnesota.

---

29/07/2013

Christian Benítez, Ecuadorian footballer (born 1986)

Christian Rogelio Benítez Betancourt was an Ecuadorian professional footballer who played as a striker.

---

Peter Flanigan, American banker and civil servant (born 1923)

Peter Magnus Flanigan was an American investment banker who later became an influential aide and fundraiser for President Richard M. Nixon.

---

Tony Gaze, Australian soldier, pilot, and race car driver (born 1920)

Frederick Anthony Owen Gaze, was an Australian fighter pilot and racing driver. He flew with the Royal Air Force in the Second World War, was a flying ace credited with 12.5 confirmed victories, and later enjoyed a successful racing career in the UK, Europe and Australia. He was the first ever Australian to take part in a Formula One Grand Prix.

---

Munir Hussain, Indian cricketer and sportscaster (born 1929)

Munir Hussain was a cricket commentator, administrator, and journalist from Pakistan who also played a first-class cricket match for Kalat in the 1969–70 season. He was the first to introduce Urdu commentary to cricket, and was the founder of the first Urdu cricket magazine, Akhbar-e-Watan. During the 1970s, Hussain commentated on the game for Pakistan Television (PTV) and Radio Pakistan, and wrote weekly columns on cricket for the Daily Jang for many years. He received many accolades for his work for cricket. ESPNcricinfo writer Saad Shafqat described him as "a pioneering commentator, groundbreaking publisher, Karachi City Cricket Association (KCCA) mandarin, and sagacious elder presence in the nation's cricket circles". He also served as the president of the Karachi City Cricket Association (KCCA).

---

29/07/2012

Tatiana Egorova, Russian footballer and manager (born 1970)

Tatiana Egorova was a Russian footballer and manager. She played for CSK VVS Samara and Rossiyanka in the Russian Championship, and Turbine Potsdam in the German Bundesliga, and she was a member of the Russian national team, with whom she played the 1999 and 2003 World Cups.

---

August Kowalczyk, Polish actor and director (born 1921)

August Marian Kowalczyk was a Polish actor, theatre, television and film director who was the last survivor of a breakout of prisoners from Auschwitz Concentration Camp on 10 June 1942.

---

Chris Marker, French photographer and journalist (born 1921)

Chris Marker was a French writer, photographer, documentary film director, multimedia artist and film essayist. His best known films are La Jetée (1962), A Grin Without a Cat (1977) and Sans Soleil (1983). Marker is usually associated with the Left Bank subset of the French New Wave that occurred in the late 1950s and 1960s, and included such other filmmakers as Alain Resnais, Agnès Varda and Jacques Demy.

---

James Mellaart, English archaeologist and author (born 1925)

James Mellaart FBA was a British and Dutch archaeologist and author who is noted for his discovery of the Neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük in Turkey. He was expelled from Turkey when he was suspected of involvement with the antiquities black market.

---

John Stampe, Danish footballer and coach (born 1957)

John Stampe Møller was a Danish football player and coach.

---

29/07/2010

Charles E. Wicks, American chemist and academic (born 1925)

Charles Edward Wicks was an American chemical engineer. He was a professor in the Chemical Engineering Department at Oregon State University. His focus was mass transfer, which was the subject of the textbook he coauthored, Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer.

---

29/07/2008

Bruce Edward Ivins, American scientist and bio-defense researcher (born 1946)

Bruce Edwards Ivins was an American microbiologist, vaccinologist, senior biodefense researcher at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, and the person identified by the FBI as the perpetrator of the 2001 anthrax attacks. Ivins died on July 29, 2008, of an overdose of acetaminophen (Tylenol/paracetamol) in a suicide after learning that criminal charges were likely to be filed against him by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for an alleged criminal connection to the attacks.

---

29/07/2007

Mike Reid, English comedian, actor, and author (born 1940)

Michael Reid was an English comedian, actor, author and occasional television presenter. He played the role of Frank Butcher in the soap opera EastEnders and hosted the children's game show Runaround. He was known for his gravelly voice and strong London accent.

---

Michel Serrault, French actor (born 1928)

Michel Serrault was a French stage and film actor who appeared from 1954 until 2007 in more than 130 films.

---

Tom Snyder, American journalist and talk show host (born 1936)

Thomas James Snyder was an American television personality, news anchor, and radio personality best known for his late night talk shows Tomorrow, on NBC in the 1970s and 1980s, and The Late Late Show, on CBS in the 1990s. Snyder was also the pioneer anchor of the prime time NBC News Update, in the 1970s and early 1980s, which was a one-minute capsule of news updates.

---

Marvin Zindler, American journalist (born 1921)

Marvin Harold Zindler was a news reporter for television station KTRK-TV in Houston, Texas, United States. His investigative journalism, through which he mostly represented the city's elderly and working class, made him one of the city's most influential and well-known media personalities.

---

29/07/2004

Rena Vlahopoulou, Greek actress and singer (born 1923)

Irene "Rena" Vlahopoulou was a Greek Actor and singer. She starred in theatre, musical and Greek cinema productions, including The Gambler and The Countess of Corfu.

---

29/07/2003

Foday Sankoh, Sierra Leonean soldier, founded the Revolutionary United Front (born 1937)

Foday Saybana Sankoh was a Sierra Leonean rebel leader who was the founder and commander of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebel group, which was supported by the Charles Taylor-led NPFL in the 11-year-long Sierra Leone Civil War, starting in 1991 and ending in 2002. An estimated 50,000 people were killed during the war, and over 500,000 people were displaced into neighboring countries.

---

29/07/2001

Edward Gierek, Polish soldier and politician (born 1913)

Edward Gierek was a Polish communist politician who served as the de facto leader of the Polish People's Republic between 1970 and 1980. Gierek replaced Władysław Gomułka as the First Secretary of the ruling Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).

---

Wau Holland, German computer scientist, co-founded Chaos Computer Club (born 1951)

Herwart Holland-Moritz, known as Wau Holland, was a German computer security activist and journalist who in 1981 cofounded the Chaos Computer Club (CCC), one of the world's oldest hacking clubs.

---

29/07/1998

Jerome Robbins, American director, producer, and choreographer (born 1918)

Jerome Robbins was an American dancer, choreographer, film director, theatre director and producer who worked in classical ballet, on stage, film, and television.

---

29/07/1996

Ric Nordman, Canadian businessman and politician (born 1919)

Rurik (Ric) Nordman was a businessman and politician in Manitoba, Canada.

---

Marcel-Paul Schützenberger, French mathematician and theorist (born 1920)

Marcel-Paul "Marco" Schützenberger was a French mathematician and Doctor of Medicine. He worked in the fields of formal language, combinatorics, and information theory. In addition to his formal results in mathematics, he was "deeply involved in [a] struggle against the votaries of [neo-]Darwinism", a stance which has resulted in some mixed reactions from his peers and from critics of his stance on evolution. Several notable theorems and objects in mathematics as well as computer science bear his name. Paul Schützenberger was his great-grandfather.

---

Jason Thirsk, American singer and bass player (born 1967)

Jason Matthew Thirsk was an American musician who was the bass player of the California punk rock band Pennywise from 1988 through his death in 1996. He grew up in Hermosa Beach, California.

---

29/07/1995

Les Elgart, American trumpet player and bandleader (born 1917)

Lester Elliott Elgart was an American swing jazz bandleader and trumpeter.

---

29/07/1994

John Britton, American physician (born 1925)

John Bayard Britton was an American physician. He was assassinated in Pensacola, Florida, by anti-abortion extremist Paul Jennings Hill. Britton's death was the second assassination of a Pensacola abortion provider in under a year and a half; he had replaced Dr. David Gunn after the latter's 1993 murder by another anti-abortionist.

---

Dorothy Hodgkin, Egyptian-English biochemist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910)

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin was an English chemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of biomolecules, which became essential for structural biology. She received the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and is the only British woman scientist to have been awarded a Nobel Prize.

---

29/07/1992

Michel Larocque, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (born 1952)

Michel Raymond "Bunny" Larocque was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Philadelphia Flyers and St. Louis Blues in the National Hockey League. He was a four-time Stanley Cup winner with the Montreal Canadiens.

---

29/07/1991

Christian de Castries, French general (born 1902)

Christian Marie Ferdinand de la Croix de Castries was a French general and the commander of forces at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954.

---

29/07/1990

Bruno Kreisky, Austrian academic and politician, 22nd Chancellor of Austria (born 1911)

Bruno Kreisky was an Austrian social democratic politician who served as foreign minister from 1959 to 1966 and as chancellor from 1970 to 1983. Aged 72, he was the oldest chancellor after World War II.

---

29/07/1987

Bibhutibhushan Mukhopadhyay, Indian author, poet, and playwright (born 1894)

Bibhutibhushan Mukhopadhyay was an Indian Bengali language author.

---

29/07/1984

Fred Waring, American television host and bandleader (born 1900)

Fredrick Malcolm Waring Sr. was an American musician, bandleader, choral director, and radio and television personality, sometimes referred to as "America's Singing Master" and "The Man Who Taught America How to Sing". He was also a promoter, financial backer and eponym of the Waring Blendor, the first modern electric food blender on the market.

---

29/07/1983

Luis Buñuel, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1900)

Luis Buñuel Portolés was a Spanish and Mexican filmmaker who worked in France, Mexico, and Spain. He has been widely considered by many film critics, historians, and directors to be one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time. Buñuel's works are known for their avant-garde surrealism which was also infused with political commentary.

---

Raymond Massey, Canadian-American actor and screenwriter (born 1896)

Raymond Hart Massey was a Canadian actor known for his commanding stage-trained voice. For his lead role in Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1940), Massey was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He reprised his role as Lincoln on television and in How the West Was Won (1962). Among his other well-known roles were Dr. Gillespie in the NBC television series Dr. Kildare (1961–1966), John Brown in Santa Fe Trail (1940) and Seven Angry Men (1955), Abraham Farlan in A Matter of Life and Death (1946), and Jonathan Brewster in Arsenic and Old Lace.

---

David Niven, English military officer and actor (born 1910)

James David Graham Niven was an English actor, soldier, raconteur, memoirist and novelist. Niven was known as a handsome and debonair leading man in Classic Hollywood films. His accolades include an Academy Award and two Golden Globe Awards in addition to nominations for a BAFTA Award and two Emmy Awards.

---

29/07/1982

Harold Sakata, American wrestler and actor (born 1920)

Toshiyuki Sakata , known as Harold Sakata, was an American Olympic weightlifter, professional wrestler, and film actor. He won a silver medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London in weightlifting, and later became a popular professional wrestler under the ring name Tosh Togo, wrestling primarily for various National Wrestling Alliance territories as a tag team with Great Togo.

---

Vladimir K. Zworykin, Russian-American engineer, invented the Iconoscope (born 1889)

Vladimir Kosma Zworykin was a Russian-American inventor, engineer, and pioneer of television technology. Zworykin invented a television transmitting and receiving system employing cathode-ray tubes. He played a role in the practical development of television from the early thirties, including charge storage-type tubes, infrared image tubes and the electron microscope.

---

29/07/1981

Robert Moses, American urban planner, designed the Northern State Parkway and Southern State Parkway (born 1888)

Robert Moses was an American urban planner and public official who worked in the New York metropolitan area during the early to mid-20th century. Moses is regarded as one of the most powerful and influential people in the history of New York City and New York state. The grand scale of his infrastructure projects and his philosophy of urban development influenced a generation of engineers, architects, and urban planners across the United States.

---

Sydney Kyte, British bandleader (born 1896)

Sydney Bernard Kyte was a British dance band leader and violinist who became known in the 1930s, when he led the resident band at The Piccadilly Hotel in London's West End. Kyte made numerous recordings, and remained active into the 1950s.

---

29/07/1979

Herbert Marcuse, German sociologist and philosopher (born 1898)

Herbert Marcuse was a German–American philosopher, social critic, and political theorist, associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory. Born in Berlin, Marcuse studied at the Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin and then at the University of Freiburg, where he received his PhD. He was a prominent figure in the Frankfurt-based Institute for Social Research, which later became known as the Frankfurt School. In his written works, he criticized capitalism, modern technology, Soviet Communism, and popular culture, arguing that they represent new forms of social control.

---

Bill Todman, American screenwriter and producer (born 1916)

William Selden Todman was an American television producer and personality born in New York City. He produced many of television's longest-running shows with business partner Mark Goodson, with whom he created Goodson-Todman Productions.

---

29/07/1978

Andrzej Bogucki, Polish actor, operetta singer, and songwriter (born 1904)

Andrzej Bogucki was a Polish television, stage and film actor, as well as operetta singer and songwriter, sometimes referred to as "The Polish Chevalier".

---

29/07/1976

Mickey Cohen, American gangster (born 1913)

Meyer Harris "Mickey" Cohen was an American mobster based in Los Angeles and boss of the Cohen crime family during the mid-20th century.

---

29/07/1974

Cass Elliot, American singer (born 1941)

Ellen Naomi Cohen, known professionally by the stage name Cass Elliot, was an American singer-songwriter, comedic actress, and television personality. A member of the singing group The Mamas & the Papas (1965–68), she was also known as "Mama Cass", a name she stated she disliked. After the group broke up, Elliot released five solo albums. She received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary (R&R) Performance for "Monday, Monday" (1967). In 1998, she was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her work with The Mamas & the Papas.

---

Erich Kästner, German author and poet (born 1899)

Emil Erich Kästner was a German writer, poet, screenwriter and satirist, known primarily for his humorous, socially astute poems and for children's books including Emil and the Detectives and Lisa and Lottie. He received the international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1960 for his autobiography When I Was a Little Boy. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in eight separate years.

---

29/07/1973

Norm Smith, Australian footballer and coach (born 1915)

Norman Walter Smith was an Australian rules football player and coach in the Victorian Football League (VFL). After more than 200 games as a player with Melbourne and Fitzroy, Smith began a twenty-year coaching career, including a fifteen-year stint at Melbourne.

---

Roger Williamson, English race car driver (born 1948)

Roger Williamson was a British racing driver and a two time British Formula 3 champion, who died during his second Formula One race, the 1973 Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort Circuit in the Netherlands.

---

29/07/1970

John Barbirolli, English cellist and conductor (born 1899)

Sir John Barbirolli was a British conductor and cellist. He is remembered above all as conductor of the Hallé Orchestra in Manchester, which he helped save from dissolution in 1943 and conducted for the rest of his life. Earlier in his career he was Arturo Toscanini's successor as music director of the New York Philharmonic, serving from 1936 to 1943. He was also chief conductor of the Houston Symphony from 1961 to 1967, and was a guest conductor of many other orchestras, including the BBC Symphony Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, the Philharmonia, the Berlin Philharmonic and the Vienna Philharmonic, with all of which he made recordings.

---

29/07/1966

Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, Nigerian general and politician, 2nd Head of State of Nigeria (born 1924)

Johnson Thomas Umunnakwe Aguiyi-Ironsi was a Nigerian military officer who served as the first military dictator and head of state of Nigeria. He seized power during the ensuing chaos after the 15 January 1966 military coup. Ironsi ruled from 16 January, until his assassination on 29 July 1966 during the July counter-coup. He was assassinated by a group of military officers from the Northern Region led by Murtala Mohammed.

---

Adekunle Fajuyi, Nigerian colonel (born 1926)

Francis Adekunle Fajuyi was a Nigerian soldier of Yoruba origin and the first military governor of the former Western Region, Nigeria.

---

29/07/1964

Vean Gregg, American baseball player (born 1885)

Sylveanus Augustus "Vean" Gregg was an American professional baseball player. A pitcher, Gregg played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Naps, Boston Red Sox, Philadelphia Athletics, and Washington Senators from 1911 through 1925.

---

29/07/1962

Ronald Fisher, English biologist and statistician (born 1890)

Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher was a British polymath who was active as a mathematician, statistician, biologist, geneticist, and academic. He has been described as "a genius who almost single-handedly created the foundations for modern statistical science" and "the single most important figure in 20th century statistics". In genetics, Fisher was the one to most comprehensively combine the ideas of Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin, as his work used mathematics to combine Mendelian genetics and natural selection; this contributed to the revival of Darwinism in the early 20th-century revision of the theory of evolution known as the modern synthesis. For his contributions to biology, Richard Dawkins declared Fisher to be the greatest of Darwin's successors. He is also considered one of the founding fathers of Neo-Darwinism. According to statistician Jeffrey T. Leek, Fisher is the most influential scientist of all time on the basis of the number of citations of his contributions.

---

Leonardo De Lorenzo, Italian-American flute player and educator (born 1875)

Leonardo De Lorenzo was an Italian virtuoso flautist and music educator.

---

29/07/1960

Hasan Saka, Turkish politician, 7th Prime Minister of Turkey (born 1885)

Hasan Hüsnü Saka was a Turkish politician, minister of foreign affairs, and prime minister of Turkey.

---

29/07/1954

Coen de Koning, Dutch speed skater (born 1879)

Coen de Koning was a speed skater and cyclist. He started his sports career as a cyclist, but switched to speed skating and became the second Dutch speed skater to win a world title, in 1905. He finished second in 500 m, and won the 1500, 5000 and 10,000 m events. De Koning won the national all-around title in 1903, 1905 and 1912, and set national records in the 500 m and 10,000 m in 1905; these records stood until 1926 and 1929. De Koning also set a world record in one-hour skating, at 32,370 m in 1906, and won the Elfstedentocht in 1912 and 1917.

---

29/07/1951

Ali Sami Yen, Turkish footballer and manager, founded Galatasaray S.K. (born 1886)

Ali Sami Yen, born Ali Sami Frashëri was a Turkish Albanian sports official best known as the founder of the Galatasaray Sports Club.

---

29/07/1950

Joe Fry, English race car driver (born 1915)

Joseph Gibson Fry was a British racing driver. He became the primary driver for the Shelsley Special "Freikaiserwagen", created by his cousin David Fry and Hugh Dunsterville, with help from Dick Caesar. The original car was built in Bristol in 1936 and featured an Anzani engine which was replaced in 1937 by a Blackburne engine. Joe set a number of hill records during the late 1930s including an unofficial outright record at Prescott when he climbed in 47.62 seconds in the 1,100 c.c. Freikaiserwagen, on 27 August 1938. At the outbreak of World War Two he held both the blown and unblown 1,100 c.c. records at Shelsley Walsh Hill Climb in 41.52 and 42.58 seconds respectively.

---

29/07/1938

Nikolai Krylenko, Russian lawyer, jurist, and politician, Prosecutor General of the Russian SFSR (born 1885)

Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko was an Old Bolshevik and Soviet politician, military commander, and jurist. Krylenko served in a variety of posts in the Soviet legal system, rising to become People's Commissar for Justice and Prosecutor General of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. He was executed during the Great Purge.

---

29/07/1934

Didier Pitre, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1883)

Joseph George Didier "Cannonball" Pitre was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Nicknamed "Cannonball," he was renowned for having one of the hardest shots during his playing career. One of the first players to join the Montreal Canadiens, Pitre and his teammates' French-Canadian heritage led to the team being nicknamed The Flying Frenchmen. His teammates on the Canadiens included Jack Laviolette and Newsy Lalonde.

---

29/07/1924

Sotirios Krokidas, Greek educator and politician, 110th Prime Minister of Greece (born 1852)

Sotirios G. Krokidas was an interim Prime Minister of Greece in 1922. He was a law professor in Athens.

---

29/07/1918

Ernest William Christmas, Australian-American painter (born 1863)

Ernest William Christmas was an Australian painter, known primarily for his landscapes. Much of his later, most familiar work was done outside of Australia: in Europe, South America and, finally, Hawaii.

---

29/07/1913

Tobias Asser, Dutch lawyer and jurist, Nobel Prize Laureate (born 1838)

Tobias Michael Carel Asser was a Dutch lawyer and legal scholar. In 1911, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the establishment of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the First Hague Peace Conference in 1899 and for his achievements in establishing the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH).

---

29/07/1908

Marie Adam-Doerrer, Swiss women's rights activist and unionist (born 1838)

Marie Adam-Doerrer was a Swiss women's rights activist and unionist.

---

29/07/1900

Umberto I of Italy (born 1844)

Umberto I was King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his assassination in 1900. His reign saw the creation of the Italian Empire, as well as the creation of the Triple Alliance among Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.

---

29/07/1895

Floriano Peixoto, Brazilian general and politician, 2nd President of Brazil (born 1839)

Floriano Vieira Peixoto was a Brazilian military officer and politician. A veteran of the Paraguayan War and several other conflicts in Brazil, he served as the president of Brazil from 1891 to 1894, and previously as vice president in 1891. Born in Ipioca and nicknamed the Iron Marshal, he was the first vice president of Brazil to have succeeded the president mid-term.

---

29/07/1890

Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter and illustrator (born 1853)

Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of them in the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic, impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. His suicide at 37 followed years of mental illness and poverty.

---

29/07/1887

Agostino Depretis, Italian politician, 9th Prime Minister of Italy (born 1813)

Agostino Depretis was an Italian statesman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Italy for several stretches between 1876 and 1887, and was leader of the Historical Left parliamentary group for more than a decade. He is the fourth-longest-serving prime minister in Italian history, after Benito Mussolini, Giovanni Giolitti and Silvio Berlusconi, and at the time of his death he was the longest-served. Depretis is widely considered one of the most powerful and important politicians in Italian history, having enacted numerous reforms that modernized Italy, such as expanding male suffrage and free education.

---

29/07/1857

Thomas Dick, Scottish minister, astronomer, and author (born 1774)

Reverend Thomas Dick, was a British church minister, science teacher and writer, known for his works on astronomy and practical philosophy, combining science and Christianity, and arguing for a harmony between the two.

---

29/07/1856

Robert Schumann, German composer and critic (born 1810)

Robert Schumann was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber groups, orchestra, choir and the opera. His works typify the spirit of the Romantic era in German music.

---

29/07/1844

Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1791)

Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, also known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Jr., was the youngest child of six born to composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his wife Constanze and the younger of his parents' two surviving children. He was a composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher of the late classical period whose musical style was of an early Romanticism, heavily influenced by his father's mature style. He knew Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann, both of whom held him in high esteem.

---

29/07/1839

Gaspard de Prony, French mathematician and engineer (born 1755)

Baron Gaspard Clair François Marie Riche de Prony was a French mathematician and engineer, who worked on hydraulics. He was born at Chamelet, Beaujolais, France and died in Asnières-sur-Seine, France.

---

29/07/1833

William Wilberforce, English philanthropist and politician (born 1759)

William Wilberforce was a British politician, philanthropist, and a leader of the movement to abolish the Atlantic slave trade. A native of Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, he began his political career in 1780, and became an independent Member of Parliament (MP) for Yorkshire (1784–1812). In 1785, he underwent a conversion experience and became an evangelical Anglican, which resulted in major changes to his lifestyle and a lifelong concern for reform.

---

29/07/1813

Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (born 1771)

Jean-Andoche Junot, Duke of Abrantès was a French military officer who served in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He is best known for leading the French invasion of Portugal in 1807.

---

29/07/1792

René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, French lawyer and politician, Chancellor of France (born 1714)

René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, marquis de Morangles was a French lawyer, politician, and chancellor of France, whose attempts at reform signalled the failure of enlightened despotism in France. He is best known for his effort to destroy the system of parlements, which were powerful regional courts, in 1770–74. When King Louis XV died in 1774, the parlements were restored and Maupeou lost power.

---

29/07/1781

Johann Kies, German astronomer and mathematician (born 1713)

Johann Kies was a German astronomer and mathematician. Born in Tübingen, Kies worked in Berlin in 1751 alongside Jérôme Lalande in order to make observations on the lunar parallax in concert with those of Nicolas Louis de Lacaille at the Cape of Good Hope.

---

29/07/1752

Peter Warren, Irish admiral and politician (born 1703)

Sir Peter Warren, KB was a Royal Navy officer and politician who sat in the British House of Commons representing the constituency of Westminster from 1747 to 1752. Warren is best known for his career in the British navy, in which he served for thirty-six years, participating in numerous naval engagements, most notably the capture of the French fortress of Louisbourg in 1745, and rising to Vice-Admiral.

---

29/07/1644

Pope Urban VIII (born 1568)

Pope Urban VIII, born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death, in July 1644. As pope, he expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts, commissioning works from artists like Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and a reformer of Church missions. His papacy also covered 21 years of the Thirty Years' War.

---

29/07/1612

Jacques Bongars, French scholar and diplomat (born 1554)

Jacques Bongars was a French scholar and diplomat.

---

29/07/1573

John Caius, English physician and academic (born 1510)

John Caius, also known as Johannes Caius and Ioannes Caius, was an English physician, and second founder of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Scholar and physician to Edward VI and Mary I of England.

---

29/07/1507

Martin Behaim, German-Bohemian geographer and astronomer (born 1459)

Martin Behaim, also known as Martin von Behaim and by various forms of Martin of Bohemia, was a German textile merchant and cartographer. He served John II of Portugal as an adviser in matters of navigation and participated in a voyage to West Africa. He is now best known for his Erdapfel, the world's oldest known globe, which he produced for the Imperial City of Nuremberg in 1492.

---

29/07/1504

Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby (born 1435)

Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby, KG was an English nobleman. He was the stepfather of King Henry VII of England. He was the eldest son of Thomas Stanley, 1st Baron Stanley and Joan Goushill.

---

29/07/1326

Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (born 1259)

Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and 3rd Baron of Connaught, called The Red Earl, was one of the most powerful Anglo-Norman nobles in Ireland during the late 13th and early 14th centuries and father of Elizabeth, wife of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland.

---

29/07/1236

Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France (born 1175)

Ingeborg of Denmark was Queen of France by marriage to Philip II of France. She was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sofia of Minsk.

---

29/07/1108

Philip I of France (born 1052)

Philip I, called the Amorous, was King of the Franks from 1060 to 1108. His reign of nearly 48 years, like that of most of the early Capetians, was extraordinarily long for the time. The monarchy began a modest recovery from the low it had reached during the reign of his father, Henry I, and he added the Vexin region and the viscountcy of Bourges to his royal domaine.

---

29/07/1099

Pope Urban II (born 1042)

Pope Urban II, otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for convening the Council of Clermont, which ignited the series of Catholic military expeditions known as the Crusades.

---

29/07/1095

Ladislaus I of Hungary (born 1040)

Ladislaus I, also known as Saint Ladislas, was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091. He was the second son of King Béla I of Hungary and Richeza of Poland. After Béla's death in 1063, Ladislaus and his elder brother, Géza, acknowledged their cousin Solomon as the lawful king in exchange for receiving their father's former duchy, which included one-third of the kingdom. They cooperated with Solomon for the next decade. Ladislaus's most popular legend, which narrates his fight with a "Cuman" who abducted a Hungarian girl, is connected to this period. The brothers' relationship with Solomon deteriorated in the early 1070s, and they rebelled against him. Géza was proclaimed king in 1074, but Solomon maintained control of the western regions of his kingdom. During Géza's reign, Ladislaus was his brother's most influential adviser.

---

29/07/1030

Olaf II of Norway (born 995)

Saint Olaf, also called Olaf the Holy, Olaf II, Olaf Haraldsson, and Olaf the Stout or "Large", was King of Norway from 1015 to 1028. Son of Harald Grenske, a petty king in Vestfold, Norway, he was posthumously given the title Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae and canonised at Nidaros (Trondheim) by Bishop Grimketel, one year after his death in the Battle of Stiklestad on 29 July 1030. His remains were enshrined in Nidaros Cathedral, built over his burial site. His sainthood encouraged the widespread adoption of Christianity by Scandinavia's Vikings/Norsemen.

---

29/07/0846

Li Shen, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty

Li Shen (李紳), courtesy name Gongchui (公垂), formally Duke Wensu of Zhao (趙文肅公), was a Chinese historian, military general, poet, and politician of the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Wuzong.

---

29/07/0796

Offa of Mercia (born 730)

Offa was King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England, from 757 until his death in 796. The son of Thingfrith and a descendant of Eowa, Offa came to the throne after a period of civil war following the assassination of Æthelbald. Offa defeated the other claimant, Beornred. In the early years of Offa's reign, it is likely that he consolidated his control of Midland peoples such as the Hwicce and the Magonsæte. Taking advantage of instability in the kingdom of Kent to establish himself as overlord, Offa also controlled Sussex by 771, though his authority did not remain unchallenged in either territory. In the 780s he extended Mercian Supremacy over most of southern England, allying with Beorhtric of Wessex, who married Offa's daughter Eadburh, and regained complete control of the southeast. He also became the overlord of East Anglia and had King Æthelberht II of East Anglia beheaded in 794, perhaps for rebelling against him.

---

29/07/0451

Tuoba Huang, prince of Northern Wei (born 428)

Tuoba Huang (拓跋晃), Xianbei name Tianzhen (天真), formally Crown Prince Jingmu (景穆太子), later further formally honored as Emperor Jingmu (景穆皇帝) with the temple name Gongzong (恭宗) by his son Emperor Wencheng, was a crown prince of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China. He was the oldest son of Emperor Taiwu, and was created crown prince in 432 at the age of four. As he grew older, Emperor Taiwu transferred more and more authority to him. However, in 451, he incurred the wrath of his father due to false accusations of the eunuch Zong Ai, and many of his associates were put to death. He himself grew ill in fear, and died that year. He is also recorded as one of the youngest fathers in the world, who fathered his son Tuoba Jun at the age of 12.

---

29/07/0238

Balbinus, Roman emperor (born 165)

Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus was Roman emperor with Pupienus for three months in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.

---

Pupienus, Roman emperor (born 178)

Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus was Roman emperor with Balbinus for 99 days in 238, during the Year of the Six Emperors. The sources for this period are scant, and thus knowledge of the emperor is limited. In most contemporary texts he is referred to by his cognomen "Maximus" rather than by his second nomen Pupienus.

---