Died on Monday, 7th July – Famous Deaths

07/07/2025

Wayne Dobson, English magician (born 1957)

Wayne Dobson was an English magician, who became well known through various television appearances in the late 1980s and 1990s. At the height of his fame, he had his own television series Wayne Dobson – A Kind of Magic. He became known as a campaigner for multiple sclerosis charities.

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Roman Starovoyt, Russian politician (born 1972)

Roman Vladimirovich Starovoyt was a Russian politician who served as Minister of Transport from May 2024 to July 2025. He had previously served as Governor of Kursk Oblast from 2019 to 2024, Deputy Minister of Transport, and the head of the Federal Road Agency in that ministry. He was a member of the United Russia party.

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Norman Tebbit, English journalist and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (born 1931)

Norman Beresford Tebbit, Baron Tebbit, was a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served in Margaret Thatcher's Cabinet from 1981 to 1987 as Secretary of State for Employment (1981–1983), Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (1983–1985), and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Chairman of the Conservative Party (1985–1987). He was a member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1992, representing the constituencies of Epping (1970–1974) and Chingford (1974–1992).

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07/07/2024

Jane McAlevey, American labor organizer and author (born 1964)

Jane F. McAlevey was an American union organizer, author, and political commentator. She was a Senior Policy Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley's Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, and a columnist at The Nation.

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07/07/2021

Robert Downey Sr., American actor and director (born 1936)

Robert John Downey Sr. was an American film director, screenwriter and actor. He was known for writing and directing the underground films Putney Swope (1969), a satire on the New York Madison Avenue advertising world, and Greaser's Palace (1972), a surrealist Western. According to film scholar Wheeler Winston Dixon, Downey's films during the 1960s were "strictly take-no-prisoners affairs, with minimal budgets and outrageous satire, effectively pushing forward the countercultural agenda of the day." He was the father of American actor Robert Downey Jr.

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Dilip Kumar, Indian film actor (born 1922)

Muhammad Yusuf Khan, known professionally as Dilip Kumar, was an Indian actor, writer and film producer best known for his work in Hindi cinema. Credited with pioneering method acting in cinema, he dominated Hindi cinema from the 1950s throughout the 1960s and is widely regarded as one of the greatest actors in the history of Indian Cinema.

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Jovenel Moïse, Haitian entrepreneur and politician, President of Haiti (born 1968)

Jovenel Moïse was a Haitian politician and businessman who served as the 48th president of Haiti from 2017 until his assassination in 2021. He assumed the presidency in February 2017 following his victory in the November 2016 Haitian presidential election.

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07/07/2015

Maria Barroso, Portuguese actress and politician (born 1925)

Maria de Jesus Simões Barroso Soares, was a Portuguese actress, teacher and political and social activist, having been one of the founders of the Socialist Party (PS), in Germany, in 1973. As the wife of the 17th President of Portugal, Mário Soares, she was the first-lady of the country between 1986 and 1996.

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Bob MacKinnon, American basketball player and coach (born 1927)

Robert MacKinnon was an American college and professional basketball coach. He coached three different professional teams in his career; the American Basketball Association's Spirits of St. Louis, and the NBA's Buffalo Braves and New Jersey Nets. MacKinnon also served as the Nets' general manager.

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07/07/2014

Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentinian-Spanish footballer and coach (born 1926)

Alfredo Stéfano Di Stéfano Laulhé was an Argentine and naturalised Spanish professional footballer and manager who played as a forward, widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time and the greatest Real Madrid player ever. Nicknamed "Saeta Rubia", he is best known for his achievements with the club, where he was instrumental in the club's domination of the European Cup and La Liga during the 1950s and 1960s. Along with Francisco Gento and José María Zárraga, he was one of only three players to play a part in all five European Cup victories, scoring goals in each of the five finals. Di Stéfano played international football mostly for Spain after moving to Madrid and becoming a naturalised citizen, but he also played for Argentina.

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Eduard Shevardnadze, Georgian general and politician, 2nd President of Georgia (born 1928)

Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia for several non-consecutive periods from 1972 until his resignation in 2003 and also served as the final Soviet minister of foreign affairs from 1985 to 1991.

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Peter Underwood, Australian lawyer and politician, 27th Governor of Tasmania (born 1937)

Peter George Underwood, was an Australian jurist and the Governor of Tasmania from 2008 until his death in 2014. He was the Chief Justice of Tasmania from 2004 to 2008, having been a judge of the Supreme Court of Tasmania from 1984.

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07/07/2013

Artur Hajzer, Polish mountaineer (born 1962)

Artur Henryk "Słon” Hajzer was a Polish mountaineer. Hajzer summitted seven eight-thousanders, several via new routes and made the first winter climb of Annapurna on February 3, 1987.

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Robert Hamerton-Kelly, South African-American pastor, theologian, and author (born 1938)

Robert Gerald Hamerton-Kelly was a Christian theologian, ordained United Methodist pastor, ethics scholar, and author and editor of several books on religion and violence. He served as Dean of the Chapel at Stanford Memorial Church at Stanford University for 14 years and was on the faculty of the university for more than 30 years. A leading advocate of the work of René Girard's theory of mimetic desire, Hamerton-Kelly co-founded several organizations dedicated to the study of the theory and edited several important texts about it.

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Donald J. Irwin, American lawyer and politician, 32nd Mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut (born 1926)

Donald Jay Irwin was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Connecticut's 4th district, Connecticut State Treasurer and mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut.

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Ben Pucci, American football player and sportscaster (born 1925)

Benito Modesto "Ben" Pucci was an American professional football tackle who played three seasons for the Buffalo Bisons, Chicago Rockets and Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) between 1946 and 1948.

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07/07/2012

Dennis Flemion, American drummer (born 1955)

Dennis Flemion was a founding member, with his younger brother Jimmy, of the controversial independent rock band the Frogs. He was the primary percussionist for the band and was also a temporary member of the Smashing Pumpkins from 1996 to 1997, filling in on live keyboards following the death of Jonathan Melvoin. The Flemion brothers also appeared on "Medellia of the Gray Skies" on the band's single for "Tonight, Tonight". On Adore, the brothers backed vocals for "To Sheila" and "Behold! The Night-Mare".

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Ronaldo Cunha Lima, Brazilian poet and politician (born 1936)

Ronaldo Cunha Lima was a Brazilian poet and politician. He served as the governor of Paraíba from 1991 to 1994.

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Doris Neal, American baseball player (born 1928)

Doris M. Neal was an infielder and outfielder who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). Listed at 5' 4", 128 lb., she batted and threw right handed.

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Jerry Norman, American sinologist and linguist (born 1936)

Jerry Lee Norman was an American sinologist and linguist known for his studies of varieties of Chinese, particularly Min varieties, and also of the Manchu language. Norman had a large impact on Chinese linguistics, and was largely responsible for establishing the importance of Min varieties in the reconstruction of Old Chinese.

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Leon Schlumpf, Swiss politician (born 1927)

Leon Schlumpf was a Swiss politician and a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1979–1987).

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07/07/2011

Allan W. Eckert, American historian and author (born 1931)

Allan Wesley Eckert was an American novelist and playwright who specialized in historical novels for adults and children, and was also a naturalist. His novel Incident at Hawk's Hill (1971) was initially marketed to adults and selected by Reader's Digest Condensed Books. A runner-up for the Newbery Medal, it was afterward marketed as a children's novel and adapted by Disney for a television movie known as The Boy Who Talked to Badgers (1975).

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Dick Williams, American baseball player, coach, and manager (born 1929)

Richard Hirschfeld Williams was an American left fielder, third baseman, manager, coach and front-office consultant in Major League Baseball (MLB). Known especially as a hard-driving, sharp-tongued manager from 1967 to 1969 and from 1971 to 1988, he led teams to three American League pennants, one National League pennant, and two World Series triumphs. He is one of nine managers to win pennants in both major leagues, and joined Bill McKechnie in becoming only the second manager to lead three franchises to the Series. He and Lou Piniella are the only managers in history to lead four teams to seasons of 90 or more wins. Williams was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2008 following his election by the Veterans Committee.

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07/07/2008

Bruce Conner, American sculptor, painter, and photographer (born 1933)

Bruce Conner was an American artist who worked with assemblage, film, drawing, sculpture, painting, collage, and photography.

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Dorian Leigh, American model (born 1917)

Dorian Elizabeth Leigh Parker, known professionally as Dorian Leigh, was an American model and one of the earliest modeling icons of the fashion industry. She is considered one of the first supermodels, and was well known in the United States and Europe.

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07/07/2007

Anne McLaren, British scientist (born 1927)

Dame Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren, was a British scientist who was a leading figure in developmental biology. She paved the way for women in science and her work helped lead to human in vitro fertilisation (IVF). She left an enduring legacy marked by her research and ethical contributions to the field. She received many honors for her contributions to science, including election as fellow of the Royal Society.

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Donald Michie, British scientist (born 1923)

Donald Michie was a British researcher in artificial intelligence. During World War II, Michie worked for the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, contributing to the effort to solve "Tunny", a German teleprinter cipher.

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07/07/2006

Syd Barrett, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1946)

Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett was an English singer, guitarist and songwriter who co-founded the rock band Pink Floyd in 1965. Until his departure in 1968, he was Pink Floyd's frontman and primary songwriter, known for his whimsical style of psychedelia and stream-of-consciousness writing. As a guitarist, he was influential for his free-form playing and for employing effects such as dissonance, distortion, echo and feedback.

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Juan de Ávalos, Spanish sculptor (born 1911)

Juan de Ávalos y García-Taborda was a Spanish sculptor.

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John Money, New Zealand-American psychologist and author (born 1921)

John William Money was a New Zealand American psychologist, sexologist and professor at Johns Hopkins University known for his research on human sexual behavior and gender.

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07/07/2003

Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian trumpet player and conductor (born 1924)

Izhak Graziani was an Israeli music conductor.

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07/07/2001

Fred Neil, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1936)

Fred Neil was an American folk singer-songwriter active in the 1960s and early 1970s. He is mainly known through other people's recordings of his material, particularly "Everybody's Talkin'", which became a hit for Harry Nilsson after it was used in the film Midnight Cowboy in 1969. Though highly regarded by contemporary folk singers, he was reluctant to tour and spent much of the last 30 years of his life assisting with the preservation of dolphins.

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07/07/2000

Kenny Irwin Jr., American race car driver (born 1969)

Kenneth Dale Irwin Jr. was an American stock car racing driver. He had driven in all three NASCAR national touring series, and had two total victories, both in the Craftsman Truck Series. Before that, he raced in the United States Auto Club against Tony Stewart, who was one of his fiercest rivals. He died as a result of injuries suffered in a crash during a practice session at New Hampshire Motor Speedway.

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07/07/1999

Vikram Batra, Param Vir Chakra, Indian Army personnel (born 1974)

Captain Vikram Batra PVC was an Indian Army officer. He was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra, India’s highest military decoration, for his actions during the Kargil War. On 7 July 1999, Batra was killed while fighting Pakistani troops at Point 4875 in the Kargil district of erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir.

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Julie Campbell Tatham, American author (born 1908)

Julie Campbell Tatham was an American writer of children's novels, who also wrote for adults, especially on Christian Science. As Julie Campbell she was the creator of the Trixie Belden series and the Ginny Gordon series. As Julie Tatham she also took over the Cherry Ames series and Vicki Barr series from Helen Wells.

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07/07/1998

Moshood Abiola, Nigerian businessman and politician (born 1937)

Chief Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola, also known as M. K. O. Abiola, was a Nigerian business magnate, publisher, and politician. He was the honorary supreme military commander of the Oyo Empire and an aristocrat of the Egba clan.

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07/07/1994

Carlo Chiti, Italian engineer (born 1924)

Carlo Chiti was an Italian racing car and engine designer best known for his long association with Alfa Romeo's racing department. He also worked for Ferrari and was involved in the design of the Ferrari 156 Sharknose car, with which Phil Hill won the 1961 championship.

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Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German general (born 1907)

Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte was a German paratroop officer during World War II who later served in the armed forces of West Germany, achieving the rank of General. Following the war, Heydte pursued academic, political and military careers, as a Catholic-conservative professor of political science, a member of the Christian Social Union political party, and as a Bundeswehr reservist. In 1962, Heydte was involved in the Spiegel affair.

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07/07/1993

Rıfat Ilgaz, Turkish author, poet, and educator (born 1911)

Rıfat Ilgaz was a Turkish teacher, writer and poet. He became especially known for his novel "Hababam Sınıfı". He maintained a socialist line both in his writings and in his personal life. His magazine work, which continued Turkey's most turbulent political flow, caused him to spend time in courthouse corridors and prison, like many writers of the same period.[8] In his very productive literary life, he wrote works in many different fields, from poetry to humorous stories, from novels to children's books. His work "Karartma Geceleri", which was once confiscated, was included in the list of 100 Essential Works in 2004.[9] The author's works are now protected by Çınar Publications, which he founded together with his son Aydın Ilgaz. These books are printed by Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.[10]

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Mia Zapata, American singer (born 1965)

Mia Katherine Zapata was an American musician who was the lead vocalist and lyricist for the punk rock band The Gits. After gaining praise in the emerging grunge scene, Zapata was raped and murdered in Seattle in 1993 while walking home from the Comet Tavern at the age of 27. The crime went unsolved for a decade before her killer, Jesus Mezquia, was arrested in 2003. The following year, Mezquia was tried, convicted, and sentenced to 36 years in prison.

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07/07/1990

Bill Cullen, American television panelist and game show host (born 1920)

William Lawrence Frances Cullen was an American radio and television personality whose career spanned five decades. Known for appearing on game shows and later as a prolific game show host, he hosted 23 shows, earning the nickname "Dean of Game Show Hosts". Aside from his hosting duties, he appeared as a panelist/celebrity guest on many other game shows, including regular appearances on I've Got a Secret and To Tell the Truth.

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Cazuza, Brazilian singer and songwriter (born 1958)

Agenor de Miranda Araújo Neto, better known as Cazuza, was a Brazilian singer-songwriter, born in Rio de Janeiro. Along with Raul Seixas, Renato Russo and Os Mutantes, Cazuza, both while fronting Barão Vermelho and at solo career, is considered one of the best exponents of Brazilian rock music. In his 9-year career, he sold more than 5 million albums and achieved 11 number one singles and 18 Top 10 singles in Brazil.

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07/07/1987

Germaine Thyssens-Valentin, Dutch-French pianist (born 1902)

Germaine Thyssens-Valentin was a Dutch-born classical pianist of Franco-Dutch parentage, noted for her performances of French music. She studied under Gabriel Fauré at the Paris Conservatoire, and in the 1950s, after a long absence from performing while she raised a family of five children, she recorded a series of discs of Fauré's music that have been reissued on compact disc to considerable acclaim.

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07/07/1984

George Oppen, American poet and author (born 1908)

George Oppen was an American poet, best known as one of the members of the Objectivist group of poets. He abandoned poetry in the 1930s for political activism and moved to Mexico in 1950 to avoid the attentions of the House Un-American Activities Committee. He returned to poetry—and to the United States—in 1958, and received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1969.

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07/07/1982

Bon Maharaja, Indian guru and religious writer (born 1901)

Bhakti Hridaya Bon, also known as Swami Bon, was a disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati and a guru in the Gaudiya Math following the philosophy of bhakti, specifically that of Caitanya Mahaprabhu and Gaudiya Vaishnava theology. At the time of his death, he left behind thousands of Bengali disciples in India.

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07/07/1980

Dore Schary, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1905)

Isadore "Dore" Schary was an American playwright, director, and producer for the stage and a prolific screenwriter and producer of motion pictures. He directed one feature film, Act One, the film biography of his friend, playwright and theatre director Moss Hart. He became head of production at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and replaced Louis B. Mayer as president of the studio in 1951.

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07/07/1978

Francisco Mendes, Guinea-Bissau lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (born 1933)

Francisco Mendes, popularly known by his nom de guerre as Chico Té, was a Bissau-Guinean politician and revolutionary. He was the country's first Prime Minister and held that position from September 24, 1973, until he died in a suspicious car accident on July 7, 1978.

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07/07/1973

Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (born 1895)

Max Horkheimer was a German philosopher and sociologist best known for his role in developing critical theory as director of the Institute for Social Research, commonly associated with the Frankfurt School.

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Veronica Lake, American actress (born 1922)

Constance Frances Marie Ockelman, known professionally as Veronica Lake, was an American film, stage, and television actress. Lake was best known for her femme fatale roles in films noir with Alan Ladd during the 1940s, her peek-a-boo hairstyle, and films such as Sullivan's Travels (1941) and I Married a Witch (1942). By the late 1940s, Lake's career began to decline, in part because of alcoholism. She made only one film in the 1950s, but had several guest appearances on television. She returned to the big screen in the film Footsteps in the Snow (1966), but the role failed to revitalize her career.

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07/07/1972

Athenagoras I of Constantinople (born 1886)

Athenagoras I of Constantinople, born Aristocles Matthaiou Spyrou, was Greek Orthodox Archbishop of North and South America from 1930 to 1948 and the 268th Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1948 to 1972.

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07/07/1971

Claude Gauvreau, Canadian poet and playwright (born 1925)

Claude Gauvreau was a playwright, poet, sound poet, and polemicist. He was a member of the radical Automatist movement and a contributor to the revolutionary Refus Global Manifesto.

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07/07/1970

Dame Laura Knight, English artist (born 1877)

Dame Laura Knight was an English artist who worked in oils, watercolours, etching, engraving and drypoint. Knight was a painter in the figurative, realist tradition, who embraced English Impressionism. In her long career, Knight was among the most successful and popular painters in Britain. Her success in the male-dominated British art establishment paved the way for greater status and recognition for female artists.

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07/07/1968

Jo Schlesser, French race car driver (born 1928)

Joseph Théodule Marie Schlesser was a French Formula One and sports car racing driver. He participated in three World Championship Grands Prix, including the 1968 French Grand Prix in which he was killed. He scored no championship points. He was the uncle of Jean-Louis Schlesser who himself became a Formula One driver in the 1980s.

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07/07/1965

Moshe Sharett, Ukrainian-Israeli lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Israel (born 1894)

Moshe Sharett was an Israeli politician who was Prime Minister of Israel from 1954 to 1955 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1948 to 1956. He signed the Israeli Declaration of Independence and was a principal negotiator in the cease-fire agreements that concluded the 1948 Palestine war. Beginning in 1933, he headed the political department of the Jewish Agency. He also founded the Jewish Brigade, which fought with the British Army during World War II.

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07/07/1964

Lillian Copeland, American discus thrower and shot putter (born 1904)

Lillian Copeland, née Lillian Drossin, was an American track and field Olympic champion athlete, who excelled in discus, javelin throwing, and shot put, setting multiple world records. She has been called "the most successful female discus thrower in U.S. history". She also held multiple titles in shot put and javelin throwing. She won a silver medal in discus at the 1928 Summer Olympics, a gold medal in discus at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and gold medals in discus, javelin, and shot put at the 1935 Maccabiah Games in Mandatory Palestine.

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07/07/1960

Francis Browne, Irish priest and photographer (born 1880)

Francis Patrick Mary Browne, was a distinguished Irish Jesuit and a prolific photographer. His best-known photographs are those of the RMS Titanic and its passengers and crew which he took while a passenger on the ship; he disembarked in Queenstown, four days before the ship sank. He was decorated as a military chaplain during the First World War.

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07/07/1956

Gottfried Benn, German author and poet (born 1886)

Gottfried Benn was a German poet, essayist, and physician. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. He was awarded the Georg Büchner Prize in 1951.

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07/07/1955

Ali Naci Karacan, Turkish journalist and publisher (born 1896)

Ali Naci Karacan was a Turkish journalist and publisher. He was involved in founding the Turkish daily newspapers Akşam (1918) and Milliyet (1955), and his family, including grandson Ali Naci Karacan, built up a publishing group around Milliyet. He was the President of Fenerbahçe S.K. (1926–1927), and the editor of the newly founded Tan from 1935. Born Ali Naci, he later took the additional surname Karacan.

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07/07/1950

Fats Navarro, American trumpet player and composer (born 1923)

Theodore "Fats" Navarro was an American jazz trumpet player and a pioneer of the bebop style of jazz improvisation in the 1940s. A native of Key West, Florida, he toured with big bands before achieving fame as a bebop trumpeter in New York. Following a series of studio sessions with leading bebop figures including Tadd Dameron, Bud Powell, and Kenny Clarke, he became ill with tuberculosis and died at the age of 26. Despite the short duration of his career, he had a strong stylistic influence on trumpet players who rose to fame in later decades, including Miles Davis, Clifford Brown and Lee Morgan.

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07/07/1939

Deacon White, American baseball player and manager (born 1847)

James Laurie "Deacon" White was an American baseball player who was one of the principal stars during the first two decades of the sport's professional era. The outstanding catcher of the 1870s during baseball's barehanded period, he caught more games than any other player during the decade, and was a major figure on five consecutive championship teams from 1873 to 1877 – three in the National Association (NA), in which he played throughout its five-year existence from 1871 to 1875, and two in the National League (NL), which was formed as the first fully recognized major league in 1876, partially as a result of White and three other stars moving from the powerhouse Boston Red Stockings to the Chicago White Stockings. Although he was already 28 when the NL was established, White played 15 seasons in the major leagues, completing a 23-year career at the top levels of the sport.

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07/07/1932

Alexander Grin, Russian author (born 1880)

Aleksandr Stepanovich Grinevsky, better known by his pen name Alexander Green or Grin, was a Russian writer, notable for his romantic novels and short stories, mostly set in an unnamed fantasy land with a European or Latin American flavor. Most of his writings deal with the sea, adventures, and love.

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Henry Eyster Jacobs, American theologian and educator (born 1844)

Henry Eyster Jacobs was an American religious educator, Biblical commentator and Lutheran theologian.

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07/07/1930

Arthur Conan Doyle, British writer, creator of Sherlock Holmes (born 1859)

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was a British writer and physician. He is best known for his four novels and fifty-six short stories about the fictional consulting detective Sherlock Holmes and his assistant Dr. Watson, which are milestones in crime fiction, and for his first work featuring Professor Challenger, The Lost World (1912), which gave its name to a subgenre of speculative fiction. He was a prolific writer who produced over 200 stories and articles, four volumes of poetry, and a number of works for the stage. He was knighted by King Edward VII in the 1902 Coronation Honours.

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07/07/1927

Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Swedish mathematician and academic (born 1846)

Magnus Gustaf "Gösta" Mittag-Leffler was a Swedish mathematician. His mathematical contributions are connected chiefly with the theory of functions that today is called complex analysis. He founded the prestigious mathematical periodical Acta Mathematica and was its editor for 40 years.

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07/07/1925

Clarence Hudson White, American photographer and educator (born 1871)

Clarence Hudson White was an American photographer, teacher and a founding member of the Photo-Secession movement. He grew up in small towns in Ohio, where his primary influences were his family and the social life of rural America. After visiting the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, he took up photography. Although he was completely self-taught in the medium, within a few years he was internationally known for his pictorial photographs that captured the spirit and sentimentality of America in the early twentieth century. As he became well known for his images, White was sought out by other photographers who often traveled to Ohio to learn from him. He became friends with Alfred Stieglitz and helped advance the cause of photography as a true art form. In 1906 White and his family moved to New York City in order to be closer to Stieglitz and his circle and to further promote his own work. While there he became interested in teaching photography and in 1914 he established the Clarence H. White School of Photography, the first educational institution in America to teach photography as art. Due to the demands of his teaching duties, his own photography declined and White produced little new work during the last decade of his life. In 1925 he suffered a heart attack and died while teaching students in Mexico City.

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07/07/1922

Cathal Brugha, Irish revolutionary and politician, active in the Easter Rising, Irish War of Independence; first Ceann Comhairle and first President of Dáil Éireann (born 1874)

Cathal Brugha was an Irish republican politician who served as Minister for Defence from 1919 to 1922, Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann in January 1919, the first president of Dáil Éireann from January 1919 to April 1919 and Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army from 1917 to 1918. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1918 to 1922.

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07/07/1913

Edward Burd Grubb Jr., American general and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Spain (born 1841)

Edward Burd Grubb Jr. was a Union Army colonel and regimental commander in the American Civil War. He served in three regiments and commanded two of them. In recognition of his service, in 1866, he was nominated and confirmed for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865. He was later appointed by President Benjamin Harrison as United States Ambassador to Spain. He was also a noted foundryman, business owner and New Jersey politician who was close to Woodrow Wilson.

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07/07/1901

Johanna Spyri, Swiss author (born 1827)

Johanna Spyri was a Swiss author of novels, notably children's stories. She wrote the popular book Heidi. Born in Hirzel, a rural area in the canton of Zürich, as a child she spent several summers near Chur in Graubünden, the setting she later would use in her novels.

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07/07/1890

Henri Nestlé, German businessman, founded Nestlé (born 1814)

Henri Nestlé was a German-born Swiss confectioner and the founder of Nestlé, the world's largest food and beverage company.

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07/07/1865

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: execution of convicted conspirators

George Andrew Atzerodt was a German American repairman, Confederate sympathizer, and conspirator in the assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. He was assigned to assassinate Vice President Andrew Johnson, but lost his nerve and made no attempt. Atzerodt was tried by a military tribunal, sentenced to death for conspiracy, and hanged along with three other conspirators.

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Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: execution of convicted conspirators

David Edgar Herold was an American pharmacist's assistant and accomplice of John Wilkes Booth in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865. After the shooting, Herold accompanied Booth to the home of Samuel Mudd, who set Booth's injured leg. The two men then continued their escape through Maryland and into Virginia, and Herold remained with Booth until the authorities cornered them in a barn. Herold surrendered, but Booth was shot to death by Sergeant Boston Corbett. Herold was tried by a military tribunal, sentenced to death for conspiracy, and hanged with three other conspirators at the Washington Arsenal, now known as Fort Lesley J. McNair.

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Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: execution of convicted conspirators

Lewis Thornton Powell was an American Confederate soldier who attempted to assassinate William Henry Seward as part of the Lincoln assassination plot. Wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg, he later served in Mosby's Rangers before working with the Confederate Secret Service in Maryland. John Wilkes Booth recruited him into a plot to kidnap Lincoln and turn the president over to the Confederacy, but then decided to assassinate Lincoln, Seward, and Vice President Andrew Johnson instead, and assigned Powell the task to kill Seward.

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Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: execution of convicted conspirators

Mary Elizabeth Surratt was an American boarding house owner in Washington, D.C., who was convicted of taking part in the conspiracy which led to the assassination of U.S. president Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Sentenced to death, she was hanged and became the first woman executed by the U.S. federal government. She maintained her innocence until her death, and the case against her was and remains controversial. Surratt was the mother of John Surratt, who was later tried in the conspiracy, but was not convicted.

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07/07/1863

William Mulready, Irish genre painter (born 1786)

William Mulready was an Irish genre painter living in London. He is best known for his romanticising depictions of rural scenes, and for creating Mulready stationery letter sheets, issued at the same time as the Penny Black postage stamp.

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07/07/1816

Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright and poet (born 1751)

Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan was an Anglo-Irish playwright, writer and Whig politician who sat in the British House of Commons from 1780 to 1812, representing the constituencies of Stafford, Westminster and Ilchester. The owner of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London, he wrote several prominent plays such as The Rivals (1775), The Duenna (1775), The School for Scandal (1777) and A Trip to Scarborough (1777). He served as Treasurer of the Navy from 1806 to 1807. Sheridan died in 1816 and was buried at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. His plays remain a central part of the Western canon and are frequently performed around the world.

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07/07/1790

François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher and author (born 1721)

François Hemsterhuis was a Dutch writer on aesthetics and moral philosophy.

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07/07/1776

Jeremiah Markland, English scholar and academic (born 1693)

Jeremiah Markland was an English classical scholar.

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07/07/1764

William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician, Secretary at War (born 1683)

William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, was an English Whig politician and peer who sat in the British House of Commons from 1707 to 1742 when he was raised to the peerage as the Earl of Bath by George II of Great Britain. He is sometimes represented as having served as First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister of Great Britain as part of the short-lived ministry in 1746, although most modern sources do not consider him to have held the office.

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07/07/1758

Marthanda Varma, Raja of Attingal (born 1706)

Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma was the founding monarch of the southern Indian Kingdom of Travancore from 1729 until his death in 1758. He was succeeded by Rama Varma (1758–98).

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07/07/1730

Olivier Levasseur, French pirate (born 1690)

Olivier Levasseur, was a French pirate, nicknamed La Buse or La Bouche or in his early days for the speed and ruthlessness with which he always attacked his enemies as well as his ability to verbally attack his opponents. He is known for his involvement in the Nossa Senhora Do Cabo heist, among the richest plunders in the Golden Age of Piracy, and for a myth concerning buried treasure and a cryptogram.

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07/07/1718

Alexei Petrovich, Russian tsarevich (born 1690)

Alexei Petrovich Romanov, was the Tsarevich of Russia, the eldest son of Tsar Peter I and his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina.

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07/07/1713

Henry Compton, English bishop (born 1632)

Henry Compton was an Anglican clergyman who served as the Bishop of London from 1675 to 1713.

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07/07/1701

William Stoughton, American judge and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (born 1631)

William Stoughton was a New England magistrate and colonial administrator in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. He was in charge of what have come to be known as the Salem Witch Trials, first as the chief justice of the Special Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692, and then as the chief justice of the Superior Court of Judicature in 1693. In these trials he controversially accepted spectral evidence. Unlike some of the other magistrates, he never admitted to the possibility that his acceptance of such evidence was in error.

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07/07/1647

Thomas Hooker, English minister, founded the Colony of Connecticut (born 1586)

Thomas Hooker was a prominent English colonial leader and Congregational minister, who founded the Connecticut Colony after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. He was known as an outstanding speaker and an advocate of universal Christian suffrage.

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07/07/1607

Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman (born 1563)

Penelope Rich, Lady Rich, later styled Penelope Blount was an English court office holder. She served as lady-in-waiting to the English queen Anne of Denmark. She was the sister of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and is traditionally thought to be the inspiration for "Stella" of Sir Philip Sidney's Astrophel and Stella sonnet sequence. She was married to Robert Rich, 3rd Baron Rich, and had a public liaison with Charles Blount, Baron Mountjoy, whom she married in an unlicensed ceremony following her divorce from Rich. She died in 1607.

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07/07/1600

Thomas Lucy, English politician (born 1532)

Sir Thomas Lucy was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1571 and 1585. He was a magistrate in Warwickshire, but is best known for his links to William Shakespeare. As a Protestant activist, he came into conflict with Shakespeare's Catholic relatives, and there are stories that the young Shakespeare himself had clashes with him.

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07/07/1593

Mohammed Bagayogo, Malian scholar and academic (born 1523)

Mohammed Bagayogo Es Sudane Al Wangari Al Timbukti (1523-1593) was a scholar from Timbuktu, Songhai Empire. Baghayogho originated from among the Juula people, who are a Mande ethnic group composed of merchants and scholars.

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07/07/1573

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect, designed the Church of the Gesù and Villa Farnese (born 1507)

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, often simply called Vignola, was one of the great Italian architects of 16th-century Mannerism. His two great masterpieces are the Villa Farnese at Caprarola and the Jesuits' Church of the Gesù in Rome. The three architects who spread the Italian Renaissance style throughout Western Europe are Vignola, Serlio and Palladio. He is often considered the most important architect in Rome in the Mannerist era.

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07/07/1572

Sigismund II Augustus, Polish king (born 1520)

Sigismund II Augustus was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. He was the first ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the last male monarch from the Jagiellonian dynasty.

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07/07/1568

William Turner, British ornithologist and botanist (born 1508)

William Turner was an English divine and reformer, a physician and a natural historian. He has been called "the father of English botany". He studied medicine in Italy, and was a friend of the great Swiss naturalist Conrad Gessner. He was an early herbalist and ornithologist, and it is in these fields that the most interest lies today. He is known as being one of the first "parson-naturalists" in England.

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07/07/1531

Tilman Riemenschneider, German sculptor (born 1460)

Tilman Riemenschneider was a German woodcarver and sculptor active in Würzburg from 1483. A master in limewood and stone, he was one of the most prolific and versatile sculptors of the transition period between the Late Gothic, to which he essentially belonged, and Northern Renaissance art. He was also a local politician in the council of Würzburg.

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07/07/1345

Momchil, Bulgarian brigand and ruler

Momchil was a 14th-century Bulgarian brigand and local ruler. Initially a member of a bandit gang in the borderlands of Bulgaria, Byzantium and Serbia, Momchil was recruited by the Byzantines as a mercenary. Through his opportunistic involvement in the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, where he played the various sides against each other, he became ruler of a large area in the Rhodopes and western Thrace.

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07/07/1307

Edward I, king of England (born 1239)

Edward I, also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he was Lord of Ireland, and from 1254 to 1306 ruled Gascony as Duke of Aquitaine in his capacity as a vassal of the French king. Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as the Lord Edward.

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07/07/1304

Benedict XI, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1240)

Pope Benedict XI, born Nicola Boccasini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 October 1303 to his death on 7 July 1304.

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07/07/1285

Tile Kolup, German impostor claiming to be Frederick II

Tile Kolup, also known as Dietrich Holzschuh, was an impostor who in 1284 began to pretend to be Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.

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07/07/1162

Haakon II Sigurdsson, king of Norway (born 1147)

Haakon II Sigurdsson, also known as Haakon Herdebrei meaning Haakon Broadshoulder, was King of Norway from 1157 until 1162 during the civil war era in Norway.

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07/07/1021

Fujiwara no Akimitsu, Japanese bureaucrat (born 944)

Fujiwara no Akimitsu

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07/07/0984

Crescentius the Elder, Italian politician and aristocrat

Crescentius the Elder, also known as Crescenzio de Theodora, was a politician and aristocrat in Rome who played a part in the papal appointments of Pope Benedict VI and Pope Boniface VII.

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