Born on Sunday, 16th November – Famous Birthdays
On this day, 208 notable people were born on 16th November — spanning from -42 to 2006. From world leaders to artists and scientists, discover who shares this birthday.
Sunday, 16th November 2025 marks a date of considerable historical significance, with notable figures born across multiple centuries and disciplines. Among those celebrating birthdays on this day is Sanna Marin, the Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland and was born in 1985. Her political career represents a modern chapter in European leadership. José Saramago, the Portuguese novelist and Nobel laureate in Literature, was also born on this date in 1922, leaving an indelible mark on world literature through his distinctive narrative style and philosophical works.
The date falls under the zodiac sign of Scorpio, with the moon in its waning crescent phase. Weather conditions on Sunday are expected to be partly cloudy with temperatures around eight degrees Celsius, creating typical late autumn conditions across much of Northern Europe.
DayAtlas provides comprehensive information for this date, including detailed weather patterns, historically significant events, notable births and deaths across centuries. The platform allows users to explore how various locations experienced specific dates in history, offering insights into biographical milestones and meteorological records that shaped particular moments in time.
Discover who was born today 14th April.
16/11/2006
Mason Ramsey, American singer
Mason Blake Ramsey is an American country music singer. In March 2018, after gaining Internet fame from a viral video of him yodeling "Lovesick Blues" by Hank Williams at a Walmart, Ramsey was signed to Big Loud and Atlantic.
16/11/2000
Josh Green, Australian basketball player
Joshua Benjamin Green is an Australian professional basketball player for the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Arizona Wildcats.
16/11/1999
Bol Bol, South Sudanese-American basketball player
Bol Manute Bol is a South Sudanese–American professional basketball player for the TNT Tropang 5G of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He played college basketball for the Oregon Ducks. A son of basketball player Manute Bol, who was known for being one of the tallest players in NBA history, Bol was born in Khartoum, Sudan, but was raised in the Kansas City area from a young age. In high school, Bol was considered one of the best players in the class of 2018, having been rated a consensus five-star recruit and earning McDonald's All-American honors. A center listed at 7 feet 3 inches (2.21 m), he is one of the tallest players in NBA history.
Mats Wieffer, Dutch footballer
Mats Henrik Berne Wieffer is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a right-back or defensive midfielder for Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion and the Netherlands national team.
16/11/1997
Bruno Guimarães, Brazilian footballer
Bruno Guimarães Rodriguez Moura, known as Bruno Guimarães, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Newcastle United, which he captains, and the Brazil national team.
16/11/1996
Ivan Baran, Croatian writer
Ivan Baran is a Croatian writer. He is the author of epic fantasy tetralogy The Black Books Cycle and the philosophical novels Samuel Gide, Monsieur August and The Great Fall. He lives and writes in Vukovar, Croatia.
Boulaye Dia, Senegalese footballer
Boulaye Dia is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Lazio, on loan from Salernitana. Born in France, he plays for the Senegal national team.
Trinovi Khairani, Indonesian politician
Trinovi Khairani Sitorus is an Indonesian politician serving as a member of the House of Representatives since 2024. She is the daughter of Khairuddin Syah Sitorus and the sister of Hendri Yanto Sitorus.
16/11/1995
André-Frank Zambo Anguissa, Cameroonian footballer
André-Frank Zambo Anguissa, commonly known as Frank Anguissa, is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Serie A club Napoli and the Cameroon national team.
16/11/1994
Yoshiki Yamamoto, Japanese footballer
Yoshiki Yamamoto is a former Japanese football player.
16/11/1993
C. J. Beathard, American football player
Casey Jarrett "C. J." Beathard is an American professional football quarterback. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the third round of the 2017 NFL draft. Beathard has also been a member of the Jacksonville Jaguars and Miami Dolphins.
Nélson Semedo, Portuguese footballer
Nélson Cabral Semedo is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a right-back or right wing-back for Süper Lig club Fenerbahçe and the Portugal national team.
Denzel Valentine, American basketball player
Denzel Robert Valentine is an American professional basketball player for Reyer Venezia Mestre of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played college basketball for the Michigan State Spartans. As a senior, Valentine became the first player in Michigan State history to be recognized as the National Player of the Year by the Associated Press.
16/11/1992
George Akpabio, Nigerian footballer
George Akpabio is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a striker for International FC in the Ontario Premier League.
Matthew Allwood, Australian rugby league player
Matthew Allwood is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who previously played as a centre and wing for the New Zealand Warriors and Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League.
Marcelo Brozović, Croatian footballer
Marcelo Brozović is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Saudi Pro League club Al-Nassr.
Shane Prince, American-Belarusian ice hockey player
Shane Prince is an American-Belarusian professional ice hockey forward who plays for Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He previously played for the New York Islanders and the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Senators in the second round of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. He was traded to the Islanders in February 2016.
16/11/1991
Nemanja Gudelj, Serbian footballer
Nemanja Gudelj is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or centre-back for La Liga side Sevilla and the Serbia national team.
Tomomi Kasai, Japanese actress and singer
Tomomi Kasai is a Japanese singer, actress and a former member of the idol group AKB48, belonging to Team A. She had a recurring role on Kamen Rider W as Elizabeth, alongside group member Tomomi Itano. Together, they make up the sub-unit Queen & Elizabeth.
16/11/1990
Arjo Atayde, Filipino actor
Juan Carlos "Arjo" Campo Atayde is a Filipino actor and politician who has served as the representative for Quezon City's 1st district since 2022. He is best known for his appearances on drama series aired on ABS-CBN with his single GMA Network appearance on Maynila, as well as his critically acclaimed role as Benjo in the web series Bagman. A member of the National Unity Party, Atayde was first elected to Congress as an independent in the 2022 general elections, where he unseated incumbent representative Onyx Crisologo.
Dénes Dibusz, Hungarian football player
Dénes Dibusz is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper and captain for Nemzeti Bajnokság I club Ferencváros.
16/11/1989
Iamsu!, American rapper and producer
Sudan Ameer Williams, better known by his stage name Iamsu!, is an American rapper and record producer from Richmond, California. He is the co-founder and lead member of the hip-hop group HBK Gang, which was formed in 2008 and joined by fellow Bay Area artists including Kehlani and Sage the Gemini. He is best known for his guest appearances on Sage the Gemini's 2013 single "Gas Pedal" and LoveRance's 2011 single "Up!," both of which peaked within the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100. He signed with Alternative Distribution Alliance to release his debut studio album Sincerely Yours (2014), which moderately entered the Billboard 200 and received mixed reviews.
16/11/1987
Eitan Tibi, Israeli footballer
Eitan Tibi is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Israeli Premier League club Hapoel Be'er Sheva and the Israel national team.
Jordan Walden, American baseball player
Jordan Craig Walden is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Atlanta Braves, and St. Louis Cardinals.
16/11/1986
Omar Mateen, Islamic terrorist, perpetrator of the Orlando nightclub shooting (died 2016)
Omar Mir Seddique Mateen was an American mass murderer who killed 49 people and wounded 58 others, 53 of them by gunfire in a mass shooting at the Pulse nightclub, a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida, on June 12, 2016, before he was killed in a shootout with the local police. It was the deadliest mass shooting in American history until it was surpassed by the Las Vegas Strip shooting on October 1, 2017, and it is the deadliest known incident of violence against LGBT people in U.S. history.
Maxime Médard, French rugby player
Maxime Médard is a former French rugby union player who played his club rugby for French club Stade Toulousain in Top 14 and France internationally. He can play as both a full-back and on the wing and is described by assistant national team coach Émile Ntamack as an "incredible talent" that, during the 2010–11 season, was finally "realizing his potential". Medard is a two-time winner of the Heineken Cup and, in 2008, won the Top 14 for the first time. Also referred to as 'The French Wolverine.'
16/11/1985
Aditya Roy Kapur, Indian actor
Aditya Roy Kapur is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films. After working as a VJ, he made his acting debut with the musical drama London Dreams (2009). Kapur had his first commercial success with the romance Aashiqui 2 (2013). In the same year, the romantic comedy Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani emerged as his highest-grossing release, and won him the IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor in addition to a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Sanna Marin, Finnish politician, former Prime Minister of Finland
Sanna Mirella Marin is a Finnish politician who served as prime minister of Finland from 2019 to 2023 and as the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) from 2020 to 2023. She was a Member of Parliament from 2015 to 2023. She was re-elected as member of parliament in April 2023 but resigned to become a strategic adviser on political leaders' reform programmes in the Tony Blair Institute in September 2023.
16/11/1984
Gemma Atkinson, English model and actress
Gemma Louise Atkinson is an English influencer, radio presenter, and former actress and glamour model. She played Lisa Hunter in Hollyoaks and in three spin-off series, Hollyoaks: After Hours (2004), Hollyoaks: Let Loose (2005) and Hollyoaks: In the City (2006), Tamzin Bayle in Casualty and Carly Hope in Emmerdale (2015–2017). She currently presents the drive time slot across the Hits Radio Network.
Mark Bunn, English footballer
Mark John Bunn is an English professional football coach and a former player who played as a goalkeeper. Bunn was last goalkeeping coach at Cambridge United.
Tamawashi Ichiro, Mongolian sumo wrestler
Tamawashi Ichirō is a Mongolian-Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Ulaanbaatar. Wrestling for Kataonami stable, his highest rank has been sekiwake. He made his debut in January 2004 and reached the top makuuchi division in September 2008. He has a makushita, a jūryō and two makuuchi division championships. He has eight gold stars for defeating a yokozuna, and five special prizes, holding the records of oldest man ever to win a special prize and a kinboshi after the July 2025 tournament. In January 2019, he won his first top-division championship, and his second in September 2022 at the age of 37, making him the oldest winner of the top division since the introduction of the six tournaments a year system in 1958.
16/11/1983
Kool A.D., American rapper
Victor Vazquez, also known by his stage name Kool A.D., is an American rapper, record producer, author, and artist. He is from the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Vazquez is best known for being a member of the New York-based rap group Das Racist, though he has also been a member of the bands Boy Crisis and Party Animal. Vazquez has also released his own solo material, including numerous mixtapes. Mother Jones magazine described his work as "a thoughtful effort to deconstruct and rearrange cultural objects in ways that challenge our deepest assumptions about society and cultural products".
Kari Lehtonen, Finnish ice hockey player
Kari Lehtonen is a Finnish former professional ice hockey goaltender who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Atlanta Thrashers and Dallas Stars. He was selected second overall in the 2002 NHL entry draft by the Thrashers, becoming the highest-drafted European goaltender, as well as being tied with Patrik Laine, Alexander Barkov and Kaapo Kakko for the highest-drafted Finnish player in NHL history.
Britta Steffen, German swimmer
Britta Steffen is a German former competitive swimmer who specialized in freestyle sprint events, winning 2 gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
16/11/1982
Nonito Donaire, Filipino-American boxer
Nonito Gonzales Donaire Jr. is a Filipino American professional boxer. He has held multiple world championships in four weight classes, from flyweight to featherweight, and is the oldest boxer in history to win a bantamweight world title, as well as being the first three-time champion in that weight class. Donaire has also held world championships in three consecutive decades: the 2000s, 2010s and 2020s, being the sixth boxer to do so after Evander Holyfield, Manny Pacquiao, Bernard Hopkins, Erik Morales, and Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Jannie du Plessis, South African rugby player
Jan Nathaniel du Plessis is a former South African rugby union player, who played as a prop for Montpellier in the French Top 14 and the Lions in Super Rugby. He played for the Free State Cheetahs in the Currie Cup and the Cheetahs in Super Rugby until 2007, when he joined Durban-based side the Sharks, where he played until 2015. He won 70 caps for South Africa between 2007 and 2015.
Ronald Pognon, French sprinter
Ronald Pognon is a French sprint athlete. He originally specialized in the 200 metres, but later shifted to the shorter sprint distances. He was formerly the European record holder for the 60 metres indoors and is the first Frenchman to go under 10 seconds at the 100 metres.
Amar'e Stoudemire, American-Israeli basketball player
Amar'e Carsares Stoudemire is an American-Israeli professional basketball coach and former player who most recently served as a player development assistant for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2025 and will be inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 2026.
16/11/1981
Fernando Cabrera, Puerto Rican baseball player
Fernando José Cabrera is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball relief pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, and Boston Red Sox.
Allison Crowe, Canadian singer-songwriter
Allison Louise Crowe is a Canadian singer, songwriter, guitarist, and pianist born in Nanaimo, British Columbia, whose home is Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador.
Caitlin Glass, American voice actress, singer, and director
Caitlin Tiffany Glass is an American voice actress, dubbing director, and script writer who provides voices for English versions of Japanese anime series and video games.
Kate Miller-Heidke, Australian singer-songwriter
Kate Melina Miller-Heidke is an Australian singer and songwriter. Although classically trained, she has generally followed a career in alternative pop music. She signed to Sony Australia, Epic in the US and RCA in the UK, but since 2014 has been an independent artist. Four of her solo studio albums have peaked in the top 10 of the ARIA Albums Chart, Curiouser, Nightflight, O Vertigo! and Child in Reverse. Her most popular single, "The Last Day on Earth", reached No. 3 on the ARIA Singles Chart after being used in promos for TV soap, Neighbours, earlier in that year. At the ARIA Music Awards Miller-Heidke has been nominated 17 times.
Osi Umenyiora, English-American football player
Ositadimma "Osi" Umenyiora is a British-Nigerian former professional American football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Troy Trojans and was selected by the New York Giants in the second round of the 2003 NFL draft. With the Giants, he won Super Bowl XLII and Super Bowl XLVI, both over the New England Patriots. Umenyiora was a two-time Pro Bowl selection and holds the Giants franchise record for most sacks in one game. He is one of five British-born players to have won a Super Bowl, joining Marvin Allen, Scott McCready, former Troy and Giants teammate Lawrence Tynes, and Jay Ajayi. He also played for the Atlanta Falcons.
16/11/1980
Moris Carrozzieri, Italian footballer
Moris Carrozzieri is an Italian former footballer who played as a defender.
Kayte Christensen, American basketball player
Kayte Lauren Christensen is an American color commentator for the Sacramento Kings and former professional basketball player in the Women's National Basketball Association.
Nicole Gius, Italian skier
Nicole Gius is an Italian alpine skier. She was born in Schlanders, Italy. She competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Carol Huynh, Canadian wrestler
Carol Huynh is a retired Canadian freestyle wrestler. Huynh was the first gold medalist for Canada in women's wrestling and the first gold medallist for the country at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. She is also the 2010 Commonwealth Games and two-time Pan American Games champion. She has also achieved success at the world championships where Huynh has totaled one silver and three bronze medals. Huynh is also an eleven time national champion. Following the 2012 Olympics, Huynh retired from competition and started coaching the University of Calgary Dinos wrestling team. Huynh was elected to the United World Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2013. In early 2015 she was selected as a United World Wrestling Super 8 Ambassador for the global campaign focusing on the development of women in wrestling and has also served as the Chair of the United World Wrestling Athletes Commission from 2013 to 2017. As of 2020 she is the current coach of Wrestling Canada's Next Gen team based in Calgary.
Hasan Üçüncü, Turkish footballer
Hasan Üçüncü is a retired Turkish footballer. Üçüncü was born in Sürmene, Trabzon Province. Standing at 177 cm and weighing 74 kg, he wears the # 15 jersey and plays in the midfield position. He assisted Gökdeniz Karadeniz's goal against Galatasaray in the second half of the 2005-2006 Süper Lig season, helping Gökdeniz come back from a long suspension.
16/11/1979
Bruce Irons, American surfer
Bruce Irons is an American regularfoot professional surfer from Hanalei, Kauai, and is often regarded as one of the best tuberiders of all time. He is the younger brother of three-time world champion Andy Irons.
16/11/1978
Kip Bouknight, American baseball player
Kip McKey Bouknight is an American professional baseball pitcher.
Mehtap Doğan-Sızmaz, Turkish runner
Mehtap Doğan-Sızmaz, née Sızmaz, is a Turkish long-distance runner, who specialized in the marathon.
Takashi Nagayama, Japanese actor
Takashi Nagayama is a Japanese actor. He is probably best known for his roles as Eiji Kikumaru in The Prince of Tennis musical series, Tenimyu, and Tōshirō Hitsugaya in "Rock Musical Bleach". During his run in Tenimyu, he garnered the nickname "Nagayan", which he is still referred to by fans and friends. He made his television debut in 1998 with the drama Change.
Gary Naysmith, Scottish footballer and manager
Gary Andrew Naysmith is a Scottish football coach and former player, who is the manager of Scottish League One side Stenhousemuir.
Carolina Parra, Brazilian guitarist and drummer
Carolina Moraes Parra is a guitarist and drummer for the Brazilian indie-electro band CSS. She joined CSS at the Tim Festival gig in 2004.
16/11/1977
Gigi Edgley, Australian singer-songwriter and actress
Gigi Edgley is an Australian actress, singer, and songwriter. She is best known for her portrayal of Chiana on the science fiction series Farscape.
Mauricio Ochmann, Mexican actor and producer
Mauricio Ochmann is an American and Mexican actor best known for his roles in telenovelas, such as Amarte Asi, where he starred as Ignacio "Nacho" Reyes. He also appeared in Kevin Costner's film Message in a Bottle, the TV series That's life and Latino Green. He appeared as Fabián Duque in Telemundo's Dame Chocolate. He starred as Victorino Mora in Telemundo's hit Victorinos and was the leading role in the Telemundo novela El Clon. He is also the star of El Chema a spin off of his character "Chema Venegas" from the hit television series El Señor de los Cielos.
16/11/1976
Dan Black, English singer-songwriter
Daniel Edward Black is an English singer-songwriter and vocalist. He was a member of alternative rock band the Servant, before their split in 2007. He is also a vocalist for the Italian British group Planet Funk. After releasing his breakthrough song "HYPNTZ", he signed to The:Hours, releasing his first two singles – "Alone" and "Yours" – in 2008. The following year, he released his most commercially successful single to date, "Symphonies".
Juha Pasoja, Finnish footballer
Juha Pasoja is a Finnish football coach and former defender. From 2020 to 2024, he was the head coach of Mikkelin Palloilijat (MP) in second-tier Ykkösliiga. Before that, he was the head coach of Dreams FC in Ghana Premier League. Currently Pasoja works for EIF youth sector.
Martijn Zuijdweg, Dutch swimmer
Martijn Hendrik Zuijdweg is a former freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands, who was a member of the Dutch 4×200 m freestyle relay team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. He did so alongside Johan Kenkhuis, Marcel Wouda and Pieter van den Hoogenband.
16/11/1975
Julio Lugo, Dominican baseball player (died 2021)
Julio Cesar Lugo was a Dominican professional baseball shortstop. He played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Los Angeles Dodgers, Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Cardinals, Baltimore Orioles, and Atlanta Braves. He was the elder brother of pitcher Ruddy Lugo.
Yuki Uchida, Japanese actress, model, and singer
Yuki Uchida is a Japanese actress and former idol singer. Following her debut in the drama Sono Toki, Heart wa Nusumareta (1992), she received her first lead role in the 1994 drama adaption of The Girl Who Leapt Through Time.
16/11/1974
Maurizio Margaglio, Italian ice dancer and coach
Maurizio Margaglio is an Italian ice dancing coach and former competitor. With partner Barbara Fusar-Poli, he is the 2001 World champion, 2001 European champion, and 2002 Olympic bronze medalist. They won nine Italian titles and competed at three Olympics.
Paul Scholes, English footballer and sportscaster
Paul Scholes is an English former football pundit, coach and player. Widely regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of his generation, Scholes spent his entire professional playing career with Manchester United, for whom he scored over 150 goals in more than 700 appearances between 1993 and 2013. Scholes won 25 trophies, including 11 Premier League titles, three FA Cups and two UEFA Champions League titles. He is renowned for his technical skills, accurate passing, intelligent movement, powerful shooting from long range and goal-scoring ability.
16/11/1973
Christian Horner, English race car driver and manager
Christian Edward Johnston Horner is a British former motorsport executive and former racing driver. From 2005 to 2025, Horner served as team principal and CEO of Red Bull in Formula One, winning six World Constructors' Championship titles between 2010 and 2023.
Brendan Laney, New Zealand-Scottish rugby player and sportscaster
Brendan James Laney, is a former professional rugby union player who represented Scotland as one of the original 'kilted Kiwis'. Nicknamed "Chainsaw" for the way he cut through defences, he was also a good goal kicker. From South Canterbury in New Zealand, he began his professional rugby career at full back for the Highlanders in the Super 12. He played for Yamaha Jubilo in Japan at the end of his career.
16/11/1971
Tanja Damaske, German javelin thrower and shot putter
Tanja Damaske is a retired German track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. She is best known for winning the gold medal at the 1998 European Championships. A year earlier she earned a bronze medal at the World Championships. A five-time German Champion in the women's javelin throw, she retired from competition in 2003.
Mustapha Hadji, Moroccan footballer and manager
Mustapha Hadji is a Moroccan football coach and former player. He was named the 50th greatest African player of all time by the African football expert Ed Dove.
Annely Peebo, Estonian soprano and actress
Annely Peebo is an Estonian operatic mezzo-soprano. She was a co-host of the Eurovision Song Contest 2002 in Tallinn.
Alexander Popov, Russian swimmer and coach
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Popov, better known as Alexander Popov, is a Russian former swimmer. Widely considered the greatest sprint swimmer in history, Popov won gold in the 50-metre and 100 m freestyle at the 1992 Olympics and repeated the feat at the 1996 Olympics, and is the only male in Olympic games history to defend both titles. He held the world record in the 50 m for eight years, and the 100 m for six. In 2003, aged 31, he won 50 m and 100 m gold at the 2003 World Championships.
Waqar Younis, Pakistani cricketer and coach
Waqar Younis Maitla HI is a Pakistani cricket coach, commentator and former cricketer who captained Pakistan national cricket team. A right-arm fast bowler, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest bowlers of all time. He is the former head coach of the Pakistani cricket team. He was a part of the squad which finished as runners-up at the 1999 Cricket World Cup.
16/11/1970
Logan Mader, Canadian-American guitarist and producer
Logan Conrad Mader is a Canadian record producer and musician. He is a guitarist for melodic death metal band Once Human and a former lead guitarist for heavy metal band Machine Head.
16/11/1968
Shobha Nagi Reddy, Indian politician (died 2014)
Bhuma Shobha Nagi Reddy was an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh, India. She represented the Allagadda constituency in the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh for four terms until 2012 when she resigned due to political turmoil in her party. She served as the chairperson of Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) and was the spokesperson for Prajarajyam party, having previously been General Secretary and also a state committee member in Telugu Desam Party. In 2012, she left the Prajarajyam party and joined the newly formed YSR Congress. Her husband Bhuma Nagi Reddy was also a politician who served twice as a Member of Legislative Assembly and thrice as a Member of Parliament.
Melvin Stewart, American swimmer
Melvin Monroe Stewart Jr. is an American swimming promoter, former competition swimmer and world record-holder who won two gold medals and one bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He is the co-founder and publisher of the swimming news website, SwimSwam, and a producer-director of commercials through his company, Gold Medal Media.
16/11/1967
Craig Arnold, American poet and academic (died 2009)
Craig Arnold was an American poet and professor. His first book of poems, Shells (1999), was selected by W. S. Merwin for the Yale Series of Younger Poets. His many honors include the 2005 Joseph Brodsky Rome Prize Fellowship in literature, The Amy Lowell Poetry Traveling Fellowship, an Alfred Hodder Fellowship, a Fulbright Fellowship, a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship, and a MacDowell Fellowship.
16/11/1966
Joey Cape, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
Randall Joseph Cape is an American singer and musician. Active since 1989, Cape is best known as the frontman of the California punk rock band Lagwagon.
Christian Lorenz, German keyboard player
Christian "Flake" Lorenz is a German musician. He is best known as the keyboardist in Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein, as well as the main composer of the band's songs along with guitarist Richard Kruspe. He was also a member of the East German punk band Feeling B.
Dean McDermott, Canadian-American actor and producer
Dean McDermott is a Canadian actor best known as a reality television personality with his former wife, actress Tori Spelling, and as the host of the cooking competition Chopped Canada. He played the role of Constable Renfield Turnbull on the TV series Due South.
Tahir Shah, English journalist, author, and explorer
Tahir Shah is a British author, journalist and documentary maker of Afghan-Indian descent.
16/11/1965
Mika Aaltonen, Finnish footballer
Mika Aaltonen is a Finnish futurologist and former footballer. His position was an attacking central midfielder. He also played for the Finnish national team. Aaltonen is a Ph.D. in economics, associate professor, founder of the Royal Society of Arts Helsinki Chapter, editorial board member of European Foresight Journal, and editorial board member of E:CO.
16/11/1964
Waheed Alli, Baron Alli, English businessman and politician
Waheed Alli, Baron Alli is a British media entrepreneur and politician. He has held executive positions at several television production companies including the Endemol Shine Group, Carlton Television Productions, Planet 24, and Chorion. Alli served as the Chief Executive of Silvergate Media until 2022, Chairman of Koovs Plc and a director at Olga Productions. He is a member of the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, sitting as a life peer for the Labour Party, and is described as one of only a few openly gay Muslim politicians in the world.
Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian-French actress, director, and screenwriter
Valeria Carla Federica Bruni Tedeschi, also written Bruni-Tedeschi, is an Italian and French actress, screenwriter and film director. Her 2013 film, A Castle in Italy, was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.
Dwight Gooden, American baseball player
Dwight Eugene Gooden, nicknamed "Dr. K" and "Doc", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). Gooden pitched from 1984 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2000 for the New York Mets, New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians, Houston Astros, and Tampa Bay Devil Rays. In a career spanning 430 games, he pitched 2,800+2⁄3 innings and posted a win–loss record of 194–112, with a 3.51 earned run average (ERA), and 2,293 strikeouts.
Maeve Quinlan, American actress
Maeve Quinlan is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Megan Conley for 11 years in The Bold and the Beautiful, as Paula Carlin South of Nowhere, and Constance Tate-Duncan in the rebooted 90210.
16/11/1963
Steve Argüelles, English drummer and producer
Stephen Argüelles Clarke is an English jazz drummer, producer and is the proprietor of the Plush record label. He is the brother of saxophonist Julian Argüelles.
William Bonner, Brazilian newscaster, publicist and journalist
William Bonemer Júnior, known professionally as William Bonner, is a Brazilian newscaster, publicist and journalist. He was the editor-in-chief of TV Globo's flagship news program Jornal Nacional from 1999 until 2025 and as anchorman of the program from 1996 to 2025.
Zina Garrison, American tennis player
Zina Lynna Garrison is an American former professional tennis player. Garrison was the runner-up in singles at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships, a three-time major mixed doubles champion, and an Olympic gold and bronze medalist from the women's doubles and singles events, respectively, at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 4, on 20 November 1989.
16/11/1962
Darwyn Cooke, Canadian writer and artist (died 2016)
Darwyn Cooke was a Canadian comics artist, writer, cartoonist, and animator who worked on the comic books Catwoman, DC: The New Frontier, The Spirit and Richard Stark's Parker: The Hunter. His work has been honoured with numerous Eisner, Harvey, and Joe Shuster Awards.
16/11/1961
Frank Bruno, English boxer
Franklin Roy Horatio Bruno is a British former professional boxer who competed from 1982 to 1996. He held the World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight title from 1995 to 1996. At the regional level, he held the European heavyweight title from 1985 to 1986. As an amateur, he won the ABA heavyweight title in 1980.
16/11/1959
Glenda Bailey, English journalist
Dame Glenda Adrianne Bailey is a former editor-in-chief of Harper’s Bazaar, a monthly fashion magazine published by the Hearst Corporation. She was in this position from May 2001 to 2020.
Francis M. Fesmire, American cardiologist and physician (died 2014)
Francis Miller Fesmire was an American emergency physician and a nationally recognized expert in myocardial infarction. He authored numerous academic articles and assisted in the development of clinical guidelines on the standard of care in treating patients with suspected myocardial infarction by the American College of Emergency Physicians and the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology. He performed numerous research investigations in chest pain patients, reporting the usefulness of continuous 12-lead ECG monitoring, two-hour delta cardiac marker testing, and nuclear cardiac stress testing in the emergency department. The culmination of his studies was The Erlanger Chest Pain Evaluation Protocol published in the Annals of Emergency Medicine in 2002. In 2011 he published a novel Nashville Skyline that received a 5 star review by ForeWord Reviews. His most recent research involved the risk stratification of chest pain patients in the emergency department.
16/11/1958
Boris Krivokapić, Serbian author and academic
Boris Krivokapić is a full professor of Public International Law as well as of Human Rights. He is professor at Law School of the Samara National Research University "S. P. Korolev".
16/11/1957
Jacques Gamblin, French actor
Jacques Gamblin is a French actor.
16/11/1956
Terry Labonte, American race car driver and businessman
Terrance Lee Labonte, nicknamed "Texas Terry" or "the Iceman", is an American former stock car driver. He raced from 1978 to 2014 in the former NASCAR Winston Cup and Sprint Cup Series. A two-time Cup Series champion in 1984 and 1996 and the 1989 IROC champion, he is the older brother of 2000 Cup Series champion Bobby Labonte, and the father of former Nationwide Series driver Justin Labonte. He also co-owns a Chevrolet dealership in Greensboro, North Carolina with Rick Hendrick. He appeared on the CBS series The Dukes of Hazzard in 1984, where he played an unnamed pit crew member.
16/11/1955
Héctor Cúper, Argentine footballer, coach, and manager
Héctor Raúl Cúper is an Argentine football manager and former player who was most recently head coach of the Syria national team.
Pierre Larouche, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
Pierre Roland Larouche is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played in the National Hockey League for the Pittsburgh Penguins, Montreal Canadiens, Hartford Whalers, and New York Rangers between 1974 and 1988. He was a two-time Stanley Cup winner with the Canadiens.
Guillermo Lasso, Ecuadoran businessman, 47th President of Ecuador
Guillermo Alberto Santiago Lasso Mendoza is an Ecuadorian businessman, banker and politician who served as the 47th president of Ecuador from 2021 to 2023.
Jun Kunimura, Japanese actor
Jun Kunimura is a Japanese actor who has performed in Japan, the United States, and Hong Kong. He won Best Supporting Actor and the Popular Star Award at the 37th Blue Dragon Film Awards for his performance in the South Korean horror film The Wailing, directed by Na Hong-jin.
Esteban Trapiello, Venezuelan businessman
Jesús Esteban Trapiello González is a Venezuelan businessman linked to Chavismo. He has been a director of the television channel TVes and is currently president of the regional channel TeleAragua and of the radio station Aragueña 99.5 Fm of the National Network of Public Media of the governor's office of Aragua state. Trapiello has been denounced for using social networks to discredit and harass opponents.
16/11/1954
Andrea Barrett, American novelist and short story writer
Andrea Barrett is an American novelist and short story writer. Her collection Ship Fever won the 1996 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction, and she received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2001. Her book Servants of the Map was a finalist for the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and Archangel and Natural History were finalists for The Story Prize.
Dick Gross, Australian lawyer and politician
Richard Andrew Landa Gross is an Australian politician. He was a long-serving councillor of the City of Port Phillip and its Mayor from November 2018 till late 2019, having previously served from 1998 to 2000 and in 2004. He was not re-elected to council in the 2020 election.
16/11/1953
Griff Rhys Jones, Welsh comedian, actor, and author
Griffith Rhys Jones is a Welsh actor, comedian, writer and television presenter. He starred in a number of television series with his comedy partner, Mel Smith. He and Smith came to national attention in the 1980s for their work in the BBC television comedy sketch shows Not the Nine O'Clock News and Alas Smith and Jones.
16/11/1951
Andy Dalton, New Zealand rugby player
Andrew Grant Dalton is a former New Zealand rugby union player. He captained the national team, the All Blacks, 17 times in tests. He is a second-generation All Black; his father Ray Dalton played in two All Blacks tests in the late 1940s.
16/11/1950
Harvey Martin, American football player (died 2001)
Harvey Banks Martin was an American professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys from 1973 until 1983. He starred at South Oak Cliff High School and East Texas State University, before becoming an All-Pro with the Cowboys.
Manuel Zamora, Filipino farmer and politician
Manuel Esquivel "Way Kurat" Zamora is a Filipino politician. A former member of Lakas–CMD, he has been elected to three terms as a Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the 1st District of Davao de Oro. First elected in 2001, he was re-elected in 2004 and 2007, and again in 2019.
16/11/1948
Horst Bertram, German footballer and manager (died 2023)
Horst Bertram was a retired German football manager and former player.
Chi Coltrane, American singer-songwriter and pianist
Chi Coltrane is an American rock/gospel singer, songwriter, and pianist.
Bonnie Greer, American-English playwright and critic
Bonnie Greer, OBE FRSL is an American and British playwright, novelist, critic and broadcaster, who has lived in the UK since 1986. She has appeared as a panellist on television programmes such as Newsnight Review and Question Time and has served on the boards of several leading arts organisations, including the British Museum, the Royal Opera House and the London Film School. She is Vice President of the Shaw Society. She is a former Chancellor of Kingston University in Kingston upon Thames, London. In July 2022 she was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
Ken James, Australian actor
Ken James is an Australian former actor and celebrity chef. He is most widely known for his role in children's TV show Skippy the Bush Kangaroo as Mark Hammond from which he became known to both local and international audiences Following Skippy, James continued to work in film, television and theatre for another 36 years. In December 2009, James was diagnosed with stage three non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which escalated to stage four by 2011. James started chemotherapy, and as of November 2020 the cancer is in remission. James was also actively involved in the Victorian Police Force as an unsworn member from 1993 to 2013.
16/11/1947
Omar Ruiz Hernández, Cuban journalist and activist
Omar Moisés Ruiz Hernández is a Cuban journalist. Amnesty International declared him as an international prisoner of conscience after he was imprisoned in 2003 during a crackdown on dissidents. He worked for dissident press agency Grupo de Trabajo Decoro before sentenced to 18 years in prison.
16/11/1946
Colin Burgess, Australian drummer and songwriter (died 2023)
Colin John Burgess was an Australian rock musician who was the drummer in the Masters Apprentices from 1968 to 1972. He was later the original drummer with hard rock band AC/DC from November 1973 to February 1974. The Masters Apprentices had top 20 singles chart success with "5:10 Man", "Think about Tomorrow Today", "Turn Up Your Radio" and "Because I Love You".
Terence McKenna, American botanist, philosopher, and author (died 2000)
Terence Kemp McKenna was an American philosopher, ethnobotanist, lecturer, and author who advocated for the responsible use of naturally occurring psychedelic plants and mushrooms. He spoke and wrote about a variety of subjects, including psychedelic drugs, plant-based entheogens, shamanism, metaphysics, alchemy, language, philosophy, culture, technology, ethnomycology, environmentalism, and the theoretical origins of human consciousness. He was called the "Timothy Leary of the '90s", "one of the leading authorities on the ontological foundations of shamanism", and the "intellectual voice of rave culture". Critical reception of Terence McKenna’s work was deeply polarized, with critics accusing him of promoting dangerous ideas and questioning his sanity, while others praised his writing as groundbreaking, humorous, and intellectually provocative.
Barbara Smith, American writer
Barbara Smith is an American lesbian feminist and socialist who has played a significant role in Black feminism in the United States. Since the early 1970s, she has been active as a scholar, activist, critic, lecturer, author, and publisher of Black feminist thought. She has also taught at numerous colleges and universities for 25 years. Smith's essays, reviews, articles, short stories and literary criticism have appeared in a range of publications, including The New York Times Book Review, The Black Scholar, Ms., Gay Community News, The Guardian, The Village Voice, Conditions and The Nation. She has a twin sister, Beverly Smith, who is also a lesbian feminist activist and writer.
Beverly Smith, American writer
Beverly Smith is a Black feminist health advocate, writer, academic, theorist and activist. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and is the twin sister of writer, publisher, activist and academic Barbara Smith. Beverly Smith is an instructor of Women's Health at the University of Massachusetts Boston.
Jo Jo White, American basketball player and coach (died 2018)
Joseph Henry White was an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Kansas Jayhawks, where he was named a second-team All-American twice. White was part of the U.S. men's basketball team during the 1968 Summer Olympics, winning a gold medal with the team.
16/11/1945
Teenie Hodges, American guitarist and songwriter (died 2014)
Mabon Lewis "Teenie" Hodges was an American musician known for his work as a rhythm and lead guitarist and songwriter on many of Al Green's soul hits, and those of other artists such as Ann Peebles and Syl Johnson, on Hi Records in the 1970s. His credits as a songwriter include "Take Me to the River", "Love and Happiness", "L-O-V-E (Love)", and "Here I Am ". He was the uncle of Canadian rapper and singer Drake.
Lynn Hunt, American historian, author, and academic
Lynn Avery Hunt is the Eugen Weber Professor of Modern European History at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Her area of expertise is the French Revolution, but she is also well known for her work in European cultural history on such topics as gender. Her 2007 work, Inventing Human Rights, has been heralded as the most comprehensive analysis of the history of human rights. She served as president of the American Historical Association in 2002.
16/11/1944
Oliver Braddick, English psychologist and academic (died 2022)
Oliver John Braddick, was a British developmental psychologist who researched infant visual perception. He frequently collaborated with his wife Janette Atkinson.
16/11/1942
Willie Carson, Scottish jockey and sportscaster
William Fisher Hunter Carson is a Scottish retired Thoroughbred horse racing jockey. At only five feet tall and riding at an easily maintained weight of 7 stone 10 pounds (49 kg), Carson was much in demand as a jockey up to his retirement in 1996 at the age of 54.
16/11/1941
Angelo Gilardino, Italian guitarist, composer, and musicologist (died 2022)
Angelo Gilardino was an Italian composer, guitarist, and musicologist.
Gerry Marshall, English race car driver (died 2005)
Gerald Dallas Royston Marshall was a British racing driver. He was commonly referred to by the nickname Big Gerry. According to a 2002 edition of Motor Sport Magazine poll, he was one of the best drivers of all time. According to the 28 August 2019 edition of Motorsport News, he is the United Kingdom's number one British motorsport hero. He was awarded the BARC Gold Medal in 2002, the first saloon car driver to be presented with the honour and was a life member of the prestigious BRDC. He took 625 overall and class wins and countless championship wins throughout his motor racing career.
Dan Penn, American singer-songwriter and producer
Dan Penn is an American songwriter, singer, musician, and record producer, who co-wrote many soul hits of the 1960s, including "The Dark End of the Street" and "Do Right Woman, Do Right Man" with Chips Moman and "Cry Like a Baby" with Spooner Oldham. Penn also produced many hits, including "The Letter", by The Box Tops. He has been described as a white soul and blue-eyed soul singer. Penn has released relatively few records featuring his own vocals and musicianship, preferring the relative anonymity of songwriting and producing. Dan Penn produced an album on Ronnie Milsap in 1970 on Warner Bros.
16/11/1939
Michael Billington, English author and critic
Michael Keith Billington is a British author and arts critic. He writes for The Guardian, and was the paper's chief drama critic from 1971 to 2019. Billington is "Britain's longest-serving theatre critic" and the author of biographical and critical studies relating to British theatre and the arts. He is the authorised biographer of the playwright Harold Pinter (1930–2008).
16/11/1938
Ahmed Bouanani, Moroccan filmmaker (died 2011)
Ahmed Bouanani was a Moroccan film director, poet and novelist. He was one of the most influential filmmakers in Morocco and is considered to be one of the country's pioneers. His film The Mirage is often considered to be one of the greatest achievements in Moroccan film history, being selected as one of the 100 best and most important films in North Africa and the Middle East by the 10th Dubai International Film Festival in 2013.
Kang Ning-hsiang, Taiwanese politician
Kang Ning-hsiang is a Taiwanese politician. He was active in the Tangwai movement, and began his political career as a supporter of Huang Hsin-chieh. Kang served in the Taipei City Council from 1969 to 1972, when he was first elected to the Legislative Yuan, on which he served three consecutive terms, until 1984. He lost reelection in 1983, and won a fourth term in 1986. Kang was subsequently elected to the National Assembly, but left the office to accept an appointment to the Control Yuan, a position he held until 2002. He was then successively appointed an administrative deputy minister of national defense, as secretary-general of the National Security Council, and adviser to president Chen Shui-bian. Kang is a founding member of the Democratic Progressive Party, though his party membership was suspended during his tenure on the Control Yuan.
Walter Learning, Canadian actor (died 2020)
Walter John Learning was a Canadian theatre director, actor, and founder of Theatre New Brunswick.
Robert Nozick, American philosopher, author, and academic (died 2002)
Robert Nozick was an American philosopher. He held the Joseph Pellegrino University Professorship at Harvard University, and was president of the American Philosophical Association. He is best known for his book Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), a libertarian answer to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice (1971), in which Nozick proposes his minimal state as the only justifiable form of government. His later work Philosophical Explanations (1981) advanced notable epistemological claims, namely his counterfactual theory of knowledge. It won Phi Beta Kappa society's Ralph Waldo Emerson Award the following year.
Troy Seals, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
Troy Harold Seals was an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist.
16/11/1937
Alan Budd, English economist and academic (died 2023)
Sir Alan Peter Budd was a British economist, who was a founding member of the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) in 1997.
16/11/1936
John Moore, Australian businessman and politician
John Colinton Moore, was an Australian politician. He was a Liberal member of the House of Representatives for over 25 years, serving between 1975 and 2001, and was a minister in the Fraser and Howard governments.
16/11/1935
Elizabeth Drew, American journalist and author
Elizabeth Drew is an American political journalist and author.
Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, Iraqi-Lebanese cleric, educator, and author (died 2010)
Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah was a prominent Lebanese-Iraqi Twelver Shia cleric. Born in Najaf, Iraq, Fadlallah studied Islam in Najaf before moving to Lebanon in 1952. In the following decades, he gave many lectures, engaged in intense scholarship, wrote dozens of books, founded several Islamic religious schools, and established the Mabarrat Association. Through the aforementioned association, he established a public library, a women's cultural center, and a medical clinic.
Magdi Yacoub, Egyptian-English surgeon and academic
Sir Magdy Habib Yacoub is an Egyptian-British retired professor of cardiothoracic surgery at Imperial College London, best known for his early work in repairing heart valves with surgeon Donald Ross, adapting the Ross procedure, where the diseased aortic valve is replaced with the person's own pulmonary valve, devising the arterial switch operation (ASO) in transposition of the great arteries, and establishing the heart transplantation centre at Harefield Hospital in 1980 with a heart transplant for Derrick Morris, who at the time of his death was Europe's longest-surviving heart transplant recipient. Yacoub subsequently performed the UK's first combined heart and lung transplant in 1983.
16/11/1933
Garnet Mimms, American R&B singer
Garnet Mimms is an American singer, influential in soul music and rhythm and blues. He first achieved success as the lead singer of Garnet Mimms & The Enchanters and is best known for the 1963 hit "Cry Baby", later recorded by Janis Joplin. According to Steve Huey at AllMusic, his "pleading, gospel-derived intensity made him one of the earliest true soul singers [and] his legacy remains criminally underappreciated."
Seydou Madani Sy, Senegalese jurist and politician (died 2026)
Seydou Madani Sy was a Senegalese jurist and civil servant.
16/11/1932
Beatriz González, Colombian painter, sculptor and art historian (died 2026)
Beatriz González was a Colombian painter, sculptor, critic, curator, and art historian. González was often associated with the pop art movement. She was best known for her bright and colorful paintings depicting life in Colombia during the war-torn period known as La Violencia.
16/11/1931
Luciano Bottaro, Italian author and illustrator (died 2006)
Luciano Bottaro was an Italian comic book artist.
Hubert Sumlin, American singer and guitarist (died 2011)
Hubert Charles Sumlin was a Chicago blues guitarist and singer, best known for his "wrenched, shattering bursts of notes, sudden cliff-hanger silences and daring rhythmic suspensions" as a member of Howlin' Wolf's band. He was ranked number 43 in Rolling Stone's "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".
16/11/1930
Paul Foytack, American baseball player (died 2021)
Paul Eugene Foytack was an American professional baseball player and right-handed pitcher who appeared in 312 games in Major League Baseball between 1953 and 1964 for two American League clubs, the Detroit Tigers and the Los Angeles Angels. He also played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball for the 1965 Chunichi Dragons. Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Foytack was listed as 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and 175 pounds (79 kg).
Salvatore Riina, Italian mob boss (died 2017)
Salvatore Riina, nicknamed Totò, was an Italian mobster and chief of the Sicilian Mafia, known for a ruthless murder campaign that reached a peak in the early 1990s with the assassinations of Antimafia Commission prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, resulting in widespread public outcry, legal change and a major crackdown by the authorities. He was also known by the nicknames la belva and il capo dei capi.
16/11/1929
Peter Boizot, English businessman (died 2018)
Peter James Boizot MBE was an English entrepreneur, restaurateur, politician, art collector and philanthropist. He is best known as the founder of PizzaExpress.
16/11/1927
Dolo Coker, American pianist and composer (died 1983)
Charles Mitchell "Dolo" Coker was a jazz pianist and composer who recorded four albums for Xanadu Records and extensively as a sideman, for artists like Sonny Stitt, Gene Ammons, Lou Donaldson, Art Pepper, Philly Joe Jones, and Dexter Gordon.
16/11/1924
Sam Farber, American businessman (died 2013)
Samuel Farber was an American industrial designer and businessman.
Mel Patton, American sprinter and coach (died 2014)
Melvin Emery Patton was an American sprinter, who set the world record of 9.2 seconds in the 100-yard dash in 1948. He also set a 220 yd world record in 1949 on a straightaway of 20.2, breaking the record held by Jesse Owens.
16/11/1922
Gene Amdahl, American computer scientist, physicist, and engineer (died 2015)
Gene Myron Amdahl was an American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur, chiefly known for his work on mainframe computers at IBM and later his own companies, especially Amdahl Corporation. He formulated Amdahl's law, which states a fundamental limitation of parallel computing.
José Saramago, Portuguese novelist and Nobel laureate in Literature (died 2010)
José de Sousa Saramago was a Portuguese writer. He was the recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature for his "parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony [with which he] continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality." His works, some of which can be seen as allegories, commonly present subversive perspectives on historic events, emphasizing the theopoetic human factor. In 2003 Harold Bloom described Saramago as "the most gifted novelist alive in the world today" and in 2010 said he considers Saramago to be "a permanent part of the Western canon", while James Wood praises "the distinctive tone to his fiction because he narrates his novels as if he were someone both wise and ignorant."
16/11/1916
Harold Baigent, New Zealand actor and director (died 1996)
Harold Verdun Baigent , known as 'Baige', was a New Zealand theatre director, actor and arts manager. He trained as an actor in the United States at Yale University Drama School, and acted in Broadway and London stage productions, before returning to New Zealand in the late 1940s, where he founded his own drama company and worked as a drama tutor and stage manager. In the 1960s, he settled in Melbourne, Australia. As director of the Emerald Hill Theatre Company and the Victorian Travelling Theatre, he was an influential figure in the Victorian theatrical scene, and played a significant role in promoting the arts in regional Victoria and South Australia. He was associated with the Warrandyte Arts Association Drama Group and performed in many productions including Twelfth Night (1964) as Malvolio, and as director of Salad Days (1968).
Daws Butler, American voice actor and singer (died 1988)
Charles Dawson Butler was an American voice actor. He worked mostly for the Hanna-Barbera cartoon production company and the Walter Lantz cartoon studio. He originated the voices of many familiar Hanna-Barbera characters, including Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, Quick Draw McGraw and Baba Looey, Augie Doggie, Loopy De Loop, Wally Gator, Snooper and Blabber, Dixie and Mr. Jinks, Hokey Wolf, Lippy the Lion, Elroy Jetson, Lambsy, Peter Potamus, The Funky Phantom and Hair Bear. While at Walter Lantz, he did the voices of: Chilly Willy, Smedley, Maxie the Polar Bear, Gooney and Sam in the Maggie and Sam series.
Al Lucas, Canadian-American bassist (died 1983)
Albert Bennington Lucas was a Canadian jazz double-bassist.
16/11/1915
Jean Fritz, Chinese-American author (died 2017)
Jean Guttery Fritz was an American children's writer best known for American biography and history. She won the Children's Legacy Literature Award for her career contribution to American children's literature in 1986. She turned 100 in November 2015 and died in May 2017 at the age of 101.
16/11/1914
Eddie Chapman, English spy (died 1997)
Edward Arnold Chapman was an English criminal and wartime spy. During the Second World War he offered his services to Nazi Germany as a spy and subsequently became a British double agent. His British Secret Service handlers codenamed him Agent Zigzag in acknowledgement of his erratic personal history.
16/11/1913
Ellen Albertini Dow, American actress (died 2015)
Ellen Rose Albertini Dow was an American film and television character actress and drama coach. She portrayed feisty old ladies and is best known as the rapping grandmother Rosie in The Wedding Singer (1998), performing "Rapper's Delight". Dow's other film roles include elderly lady Mary Cleary who "outs" her grandson in Wedding Crashers, Disco Dottie in 54, the recipient of Christopher Lloyd's character's slapstick in Radioland Murders and a choir nun in Sister Act. She was best known to small screen audiences for her guest appearances on sitcoms The Golden Girls and Will & Grace.
16/11/1912
George O. Petrie, American actor and director (died 1997)
George O. Petrie was an American radio and television actor.
W. E. D. Ross, Canadian actor, playwright, and author (died 1995)
William Edward Daniel Ross was a Canadian actor, playwright, and bestselling writer of more than 300 novels in a variety of genres. He was known for the speed of his writing and was, by some estimates, the most prolific Canadian author ever, though he did not take up fiction until middle age.
16/11/1909
Mirza Nasir Ahmad, Indian-Pakistani religious leader (died 1982)
Mirza Nasir Ahmad was the third Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community from Pakistan. He was elected as the third successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad on 8 November 1965, the day after the death of his predecessor and father, Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad.
16/11/1907
Burgess Meredith, American actor, singer, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1997)
Oliver Burgess Meredith was an American actor and filmmaker whose career encompassed radio, theater, film, and television.
16/11/1904
Nnamdi Azikiwe, Nigerian statesman, 1st President of Nigeria (died 1996)
Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe PC, commonly referred to as Zik of Africa, was a Nigerian politician, statesman, and revolutionary leader who served as the first native governor-general of Nigeria from 1960 to 1963 and the first president of Nigeria during the First Nigerian Republic (1963–1966). He is widely regarded as the father of Nigerian nationalism as well as one of the major driving forces behind the country's independence in 1960.
16/11/1900
Eliška Junková, Czech race car driver (died 1994)
Eliška Junková-Khásová, also known as Elisabeth Junek, was a Czech automobile racer. She is regarded as one of the most significant drivers in Grand Prix motor racing history, and was the first woman to win a Grand Prix event.
16/11/1899
Mary Margaret McBride, American radio host (died 1976)
Mary Margaret McBride was an American radio interview host and writer. Her popular radio shows spanned more than 40 years. In the 1940s, the daily audience for her housewife-oriented program numbered from six to eight million listeners. She was called "the First Lady of Radio".
16/11/1897
Choudhry Rahmat Ali, Indian-Pakistani academic (died 1951)
Choudhry Rahmat Ali was a Muslim nationalist activist who is credited with coining the name "Pakistan" for a separate Muslim homeland in British India and is sometimes regarded as the originator of the Pakistan Movement.
16/11/1896
Joan Lindsay, Australian author and critic (died 1984)
Joan à Beckett Weigall, Lady Lindsay was an Australian novelist, playwright, essayist, and visual artist. Trained in her youth as a painter, she published her first literary work in 1936 at age forty under a pseudonym, a satirical novel titled Through Darkest Pondelayo. Her second novel, Time Without Clocks, was published nearly thirty years later, and was a semi-autobiographical account of the early years of her marriage to artist Sir Daryl Lindsay.
Oswald Mosley, English fascist leader and politician (died 1980)
Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley, 6th Baronet, was a British politician who rose to fame during the 1920s and 1930s when, disillusioned with mainstream politics, he turned to fascism. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Harrow from 1918 to 1924 and for Smethwick from 1926 to 1931. He founded the British Union of Fascists (BUF) in 1932 and led it until its forced disbandment in 1940.
Lawrence Tibbett, American actor and singer (died 1960)
Lawrence Mervil Tibbett was an American opera singer and recording artist who also performed as a film actor and radio personality. A baritone with large, deep, and dark-timbred voice. His dynamic range ranged from forceful fortes to delicate pianissimos, he sang leading roles with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City more than 600 times from 1923 to 1950. He performed diverse musical theatre roles, including Captain Hook in Peter Pan in a touring show.
16/11/1895
Paul Hindemith, German composer, violist and conductor (died 1963)
Paul Hindemith was a German and American composer, music theorist, teacher, violist and conductor. He founded the Amar Quartet in 1921, touring extensively in Europe. As a composer, he became a major advocate of the Neue Sachlichkeit style of music in the 1920s, with compositions such as Kammermusik, including works with viola and viola d'amore as solo instruments in a neo-Bachian spirit. Other notable compositions include his song cycle Das Marienleben (1923), his oratorio Das Unaufhörliche (1931), Der Schwanendreher for viola and orchestra (1935), the opera Mathis der Maler (1938) and the symphony Mathis der Maler (1934), the Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber (1943), and the oratorio When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd (1946), a requiem based on Walt Whitman's poem. Hindemith and his wife emigrated to Switzerland and the United States ahead of World War II, after worsening difficulties with the Nazi German regime. In his later years, he conducted and recorded much of his own music.
16/11/1894
Bobby Cruickshank, American golfer (died 1975)
Robert Allan Cruickshank was a Scottish-born golfer who played primarily in the United States. He competed in the PGA of America circuit in the 1920s and 1930s, the forerunner of the PGA Tour. He was twice runner-up at the U.S Open.
Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, Austrian philosopher and politician (died 1972)
Richard Nikolaus Eijiro, Count of Coudenhove-Kalergi, was a politician, philosopher, and count of Coudenhove-Kalergi. A pioneer of European integration, he served as the founding president of the Paneuropean Union for 49 years. His parents were Heinrich von Coudenhove-Kalergi, an Austro-Hungarian diplomat, and Mitsuko Aoyama, the daughter of an oil merchant, antiques-dealer and major landowner in Tokyo. His childhood name in Japan was Eijiro Aoyama . Being a native Austrian-Hungarian citizen, he became a Czechoslovak citizen in 1919 and then took French citizenship from 1939 until his death.
16/11/1892
Guo Moruo, Chinese historian, author, and poet (died 1978)
Guo Moruo, courtesy name Dingtang, was a Chinese author, poet, historian, archaeologist, and government official. A prominent Chinese writer in the May Fourth Movement and later in the Mao era, he was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution. The persecution led him to denounce his colleagues and his past work and demand that all of it be burned, an act for which he was labeled "shameless". He regained prominence in the 1970s and is generally well-regarded in modern China.
Tazio Nuvolari, Italian race car driver and motorcycle racer (died 1953)
Tazio Giorgio Nuvolari was an Italian racing driver. He first raced motorcycles and then concentrated on sports cars and Grand Prix racing. Originally of Mantua, he was nicknamed il Mantovano Volante and Nuvola ("Cloud"). His victories—72 major races, 150 in all—included 24 Grands Prix, five Coppa Cianos, two Mille Miglias, two Targa Florios, two RAC Tourist Trophies, a Le Mans 24-hour race, and a European Championship in Grand Prix racing. Ferdinand Porsche called him "the greatest driver of the past, the present, and the future".
16/11/1890
Elpidio Quirino, 6th President of the Philippines (died 1956)
Elpidio Rivera Quirino was the sixth president of the Philippines, serving from 1948 to 1953. As the second vice president from 1946 to 1948, he assumed the presidency upon the death of Manuel Roxas in 1948.
16/11/1889
George S. Kaufman, American director, producer, and playwright (died 1961)
George Simon Kaufman was an American playwright, theater director and producer, humorist, and drama critic. In addition to comedies and political satire, he wrote several musicals for the Marx Brothers and others. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the musical Of Thee I Sing in 1932, and won again in 1937 for the play You Can't Take It with You. He also won the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical in 1951 for Guys and Dolls.
Dietrich Kraiß, German general (died 1944)
Dietrich Kraiss was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.
16/11/1888
Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan pianist and composer (died 1957)
Luis Cluzeau Mortet was a Uruguayan composer and musician.
16/11/1883
Emil Breitkreutz, American runner and coach (died 1972)
Emil William Breitkreutz was an American middle-distance runner who won a bronze medal in the Olympic 800 meters final in the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri.
16/11/1874
Alexander Kolchak, Russian admiral and explorer (died 1920)
Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak was a Russian navy officer and polar explorer who led the White movement in the Russian Civil War. When he assumed the title of Supreme Ruler of Russia in 1918, Kolchak headed a military dictatorship, which ruled over the territory of the former Russian Empire controlled by the Whites. He was a proponent of Russian nationalism and militarism, and opposed democracy as a principle which he believed was tied to pacifism, internationalism, and socialism.
16/11/1873
W. C. Handy, American trumpet player and composer (died 1958)
William Christopher Handy was an American composer and musician who referred to himself as the Father of the Blues. He was one of the most influential songwriters in the United States. One of many musicians who played the distinctively American blues music, Handy did not create the blues genre but was one of the first to publish music in the blues form, thereby taking the blues from a regional music style with a limited audience to a new level of popularity.
16/11/1862
Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (died 1944)
Charles Thomas Biass Turner was a bowler who is regarded as one of the finest ever produced by Australia. Among his accomplishments were:taking 283 wickets in the English season of 1888 for 11.27 runs each. This tally was 69 wickets ahead of Ted Peate's 1882 record, and has been bettered only by Tom Richardson in 1895 and Tich Freeman in 1928 and 1933. taking 314 wickets in all matches in 1888. taking 106 wickets in twelve matches in the Australian season of 1887–88 – a record for any bowler in Australia taking 17 wickets for 50 runs against An England Eleven at Hastings in 1888. Of these 17, 14 were bowled, two lbw and one stumped. being the first Australian bowler to reach 100 wickets in Test matches. his 12 for 87 against England in his record season of 1887–1888 is still the best bowling analysis for a Test at the SCG. the only bowler to take 50 wickets in their first six Test matches.
16/11/1861
Luigi Facta, Italian politician and journalist (died 1930)
Luigi Facta was an Italian politician, lawyer and journalist and the last prime minister of Italy before the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini.
Georgina Febres-Cordero, Venezuelan nun (died 1925)
Georgina Febres-Cordero, also known as "Mother Georgina" was a Venezuelan religious sister.
16/11/1856
Jürgen Kröger, German architect (died 1928)
Jürgen Kröger was a German architect. He was an architectural advisor to the German Emperor, Wilhelm II and in 1908 he was awarded the title of Building Advisor to the Emperor. Kröger is most notable for his construction of Protestant church buildings and Metz Train Station in the now French region of Lorraine. The poet Timm Kröger was his uncle.
16/11/1851
Minnie Hauk, American-Swiss soprano and actress (died 1929)
Amalia Mignon Hauck, commonly known as Minnie Hauk, was an American operatic first dramatic soprano then mezzo-soprano.
16/11/1847
Edmund James Flynn, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 1927)
Edmund James Flynn was a Canadian lawyer, politician and the tenth premier of Quebec, from 1896 to 1897.
16/11/1841
Jules Violle, French physicist and academic (died 1923)
Jules Louis Gabriel Violle was a French physicist and inventor.
16/11/1839
Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Canadian poet, author, and politician (died 1908)
Louis-Honoré Fréchette was a Canadian poet, politician, playwright and short story writer. For his prose, he would be the first Quebecois to receive the Prix Montyon from the Académie française, and the first Canadian to receive any honor from a European nation.
16/11/1836
Kalākaua of Hawaii (died 1891)
Kalākaua, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, reigning from February 12, 1874, until his death in 1891. Succeeding Lunalilo, he was elected to the vacant throne of Hawaiʻi against Queen Emma. Kalākaua was known as the Merrie Monarch for his convivial personality – he enjoyed entertaining guests with his singing and ukulele playing. At his coronation and his birthday jubilee, the hula, which had hitherto been banned in public in the kingdom, became a celebration of Hawaiian culture.
16/11/1811
John Bright, English academic and politician (died 1889)
John Bright was a British Radical and Liberal statesman, one of the greatest orators of his generation and a promoter of free trade policies.
16/11/1807
Jónas Hallgrímsson, Icelandic poet, author and naturalist (died 1845)
Jónas Hallgrímsson was an Icelandic poet, writer and naturalist. He was one of the founders of the Icelandic journal Fjölnir, which was first published in Copenhagen in 1835. The magazine was used by Jónas and his fellow Fjölnismenn to promote Icelandic nationalism, in the hope of giving impetus to the Icelandic Independence Movement. Jónas remains one of Iceland's most beloved poets, penning some of the best-known Icelandic poems about Iceland and its people. Since 1996, Jónas's birthday has been officially recognised in Iceland as the Day of the Icelandic Language. On 16 November each year, the Jónas Hallgrímsson Award is awarded to an individual for their outstanding contribution to the Icelandic Language.
16/11/1806
Mary Tyler Peabody Mann, American author and educator (died 1887)
Mary Tyler Mann was an American teacher, author, and reformer. Mary was one of three Peabody sisters who were influential women of their day in education, literature, and art. Like her sister Elizabeth, she was a leader in education reform and establishment of kindergartens. Sophia was an artist and the wife of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Mary was a participant in the Transcendentalism Movement. She was an abolitionist. She supported the work of her husband Horace Mann, an American education reformer and politician, as well as Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Sarah Winnemucca.
16/11/1793
Francis Danby, Irish painter of the Romantic era (died 1861)
Francis Danby was an Irish painter of the Romantic era. His imaginative, dramatic landscapes were comparable to those of John Martin. Danby initially developed his imaginative style while he was the central figure in a group of artists who have come to be known as the Bristol School. His period of greatest success was in London in the 1820s.
16/11/1774
Georg von Cancrin, German-Russian Minister of Finance (died 1845)
Count Georg Ludwig Cancrin was a Russian German aristocrat and politician best known for spearheading reforms in the Russian financial system early in the 19th century.
16/11/1758
Peter Andreas Heiberg, Danish philologist and author (died 1841)
Peter Andreas Heiberg was a Danish-Norwegian author and philologist. He was born in Vordingborg, Denmark-Norway. The Heiberg ancestry can be traced back to Norway, and has produced a long line of priests, headmasters and other learned men. His father was the Norwegian-born headteacher of the grammar school in Vordingborg, Ludvig Heiberg, whilst his mother was Inger Margrethe, daughter of the vicar at the manor of Vemmetofte Peder Heiberg, a relative of Ludvig Heiberg, and Inger Hørning, who came from a family of wealthy Danish merchants.
16/11/1753
James McHenry, Irish-American surgeon and politician (died 1816)
James McHenry was an Scots-Irish American military surgeon, statesman, and a Founding Father of the United States. McHenry was a signer of the United States Constitution from Maryland, initiated the recommendation for Congress to form the Navy, and was the eponym of Fort McHenry. He represented Maryland in the Continental Congress. He was a delegate to the Maryland State Convention of 1788, to vote whether Maryland should ratify the proposed Constitution of the United States. He served as United States Secretary of War from 1796 to 1800, bridging the administrations of George Washington and John Adams. At the time of his death, McHenry owned 10 slaves, most of whom either worked as household servants or maintained his estate.
16/11/1750
Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough, English lawyer, judge, and politician (died 1818)
Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough, was an English judge. After serving as a member of parliament and Attorney General, he became Lord Chief Justice.
16/11/1720
Carlo Antonio Campioni, French-Italian composer (died 1788)
Charles-Antoine Campion, italianized as Carlo Antonio Campioni was a French-Italian composer who was born in the Duchy of Lorraine. He was a prolific composer and represented a link between Baroque compositional methods and those of the Classical style.
16/11/1717
Jean le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (died 1793)
Jean Le Rond d'Alembert was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. Until 1759 he was, together with Denis Diderot, a co-editor of the Encyclopédie. D'Alembert's formula for obtaining solutions to the wave equation is named after him. The wave equation is sometimes referred to as d'Alembert's equation, and the fundamental theorem of algebra is named after d'Alembert in French.
16/11/1715
Girolamo Abos, Maltese-Italian composer and educator (died 1760)
Girolamo Abos, last name also given Avos or d'Avossa and baptized Geronimo Abos, was a Maltese-Italian composer of both operas and church music.
16/11/1648
Charles Duncombe, English banker and politician (died 1711)
Sir Charles Duncombe of Teddington, Middlesex and Barford, Wiltshire, was an English banker and Tory politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1685 and 1711. He served as Lord Mayor of London from 1708 to 1709. He made a fortune in banking and was said to be worth £400,000 later in life, and the richest commoner in England on his death.
16/11/1643
Jean Chardin, French-English jeweler and explorer (died 1703)
Jean Chardin, known as Sir John Chardin in England, was a French jeweller, traveller and writer, who emigrated to England in 1681, at the age of 37. His ten-volume book The Travels of Sir John Chardin is regarded as one of the finest works of early Western scholarship on Safavid Iran and the Near East in general.
16/11/1603
Augustyn Kordecki, Polish monk (died 1673)
Abbot Augustyn Kordecki was a prior of the Jasna Góra Monastery, Poland.
16/11/1569
Paul Sartorius, German organist and composer (died 1609)
Paul Sartorius was a German composer and organist.
16/11/1566
Anna Juliana Gonzaga, Archduchess of Austria and nun (died 1621)
Anna Caterina Gonzaga became Archduchess consort of Further Austria through her marriage. She became a religious sister of the Servite Order following the death of her husband, Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria.
16/11/1540
Princess Cecilia of Sweden (died 1627)
Cecilia of Sweden, was Princess of Sweden as the daughter of King Gustav I and his second wife, Margaret Leijonhufvud, and Margravine of Baden-Rodemachern as the wife of Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern. She is the most famous daughter of Gustav I, known for a courtship scandal in connection with a sister's wedding and for a lengthy stay in England under Elizabeth I where her first child was born.
16/11/1538
Saint Turibius of Mongrovejo, Spanish Grand Inquisitioner, Archbishop of Lima (died 1606)
Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo was a Spanish Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima from 1579 until his death.
16/11/1531
Anna d'Este, Duchess consort of Nemours (died 1607)
Anna d'Este was an important princess with considerable influence at the court of France and a central figure in the French Wars of Religion. In her first marriage, she was Duchess of Aumale, then of Guise, in her second marriage, Duchess of Nemours and Genevois.
16/11/1528
Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre (died 1572)
Jeanne d'Albret, also known as Jeanne III, was Queen of Navarre from 1555 to 1572.
16/11/1483
Elisabeth of the Palatinate, Landgravine of Hesse, German noble (died 1522)
Elizabeth of the Palatinate was a member of the House of Wittelsbach and a Countess Palatine of Simmern and by marriage, successively Landgravine of Hesse-Marburg and Margravine of Baden.
16/11/1466
Francesco Cattani da Diacceto, Florentine philosopher (died 1522)
Francesco Cattani da Diacceto was a Florentine Neoplatonist philosopher of the Italian Renaissance.
16/11/1457
Beatrice of Naples, Hungarian queen (died 1508)
Beatrice of Naples, also known as Beatrice of Aragon, was twice Queen of Hungary and of Bohemia by marriage to Matthias Corvinus and Vladislaus II. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I of Naples and Isabella of Clermont.
16/11/1436
Leonardo Loredan, Italian ruler (died 1521)
Leonardo Loredan was a Venetian nobleman and statesman who reigned as the 75th Doge of Venice from 1501 until his death in 1521. As a wartime ruler, he was one of the most important doges in the history of Venice. In the dramatic events of the early 16th century, Loredan's Machiavellian plots and cunning political manoeuvres against the League of Cambrai, the Ottomans, the Mamluks, the Pope, the Republic of Genoa, the Holy Roman Empire, the French, the Egyptians and the Portuguese saved Venice from downfall.
01/01/1970
Tiberius, Roman emperor (died 37 AD)
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to politician Tiberius Claudius Nero and his wife, Livia Drusilla. In 38 BC, Livia divorced Nero and married Augustus. Following the untimely deaths of Augustus's two grandsons and adopted heirs, Gaius and Lucius Caesar, Tiberius was designated Augustus's successor. Prior to this, Tiberius had proved himself an able diplomat and one of the most successful Roman generals. His conquests of Pannonia, Dalmatia, Raetia, and (temporarily) parts of Germania laid the foundations for the empire's northern frontier.