Died on Wednesday, 1st October – Famous Deaths

01/10/2025

Jane Goodall, English primatologist (born 1934)

Dame Valerie Jane Morris Goodall was an English primatologist and anthropologist. Regarded as a pioneer in primate ethology, and described by many publications as "the world's preeminent chimpanzee expert", she was best known for more than six decades of field research on the social and family life of wild chimpanzees in the Kasakela chimpanzee community at Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. Beginning in 1960, under the mentorship of the palaeontologist Louis Leakey, Goodall's research demonstrated that chimpanzees share many key traits with humans, such as using tools, having complex emotions, forming lasting social bonds, engaging in organised warfare, and passing on knowledge across generations, which redefined the traditional view that humans are uniquely different from other animals.

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01/10/2024

Michael Ancram, English lawyer and politician (born 1945)

Michael Andrew Foster Jude Kerr, 13th Marquess of Lothian, Baron Kerr of Monteviot,, commonly known as Michael Ancram, was a British politician and peer who served as Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party from 2001 to 2005. He was formerly styled Earl of Ancram until he inherited the marquessate in 2004, upon the death of his father.

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01/10/2023

Tim Wakefield, American professional baseball player (born 1966)

Timothy Stephen Wakefield was an American professional baseball knuckleball pitcher. Wakefield began his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Pittsburgh Pirates, but is most remembered for his 17-year tenure with the Boston Red Sox, where he was a part of two World Series championships in 2004 and 2007. When he retired at age 45 after 19 seasons in MLB, Wakefield was the oldest active player in the major leagues.

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01/10/2022

Antonio Inoki, Japanese professional wrestler and politician (born 1943)

Antonio Inoki was a Japanese professional wrestler, professional wrestling trainer, martial artist, politician, and promoter of professional wrestling and mixed martial arts (MMA). He is best known as the founder and 33-year owner of New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). He is considered to be one of the most influential professional wrestlers of all time, and one of the biggest key influences on MMA in Japan and internationally.

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01/10/2019

Karel Gott, Czech singer (born 1939)

Karel Gott was a Czech singer, considered the most successful male singer in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. He was voted the country's best male singer in the annual Český slavík national music award 42 times, most recently in 2017.

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01/10/2018

Charles Aznavour, French-Armenian singer, composer, writer, filmmaker and public figure (born 1924)

Charles Aznavour was a French and Armenian singer-songwriter, actor, and diplomat. Aznavour was known for his distinctive vibrato tenor voice: clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. In a career as a singer and songwriter, spanning over 70 years, he recorded more than 1,200 songs, in various languages. Moreover, he wrote or co-wrote more than 1,000 songs for himself and others. Aznavour is regarded as one of the greatest songwriters in history and an icon of 20th-century pop culture.

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01/10/2017

Stephen Paddock, American mass murderer (born 1953)

Stephen Craig Paddock was an American mass murderer who perpetrated the 2017 Las Vegas shooting. Paddock opened fire into a crowd of about 22,000 concertgoers attending a country music festival on the Las Vegas Strip, killing 60 people and injuring approximately 867. Paddock killed himself in his hotel room following the shooting after seeing police SWAT teams coming towards the hotel. The incident is the deadliest mass shooting by a lone shooter in United States history. Paddock's motive remains officially undetermined, and the possible factors are the subject of speculation.

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Dave Strader, American sportscaster (born 1955)

David Strader was an American sportscaster, primarily known for his play-by-play commentary of ice hockey. During his career, he worked on telecasts for the Detroit Red Wings, Florida Panthers, Phoenix Coyotes and Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also worked nationally in the United States for ESPN, ABC, Versus, NBC, and NBCSN.

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01/10/2015

Božo Bakota, Croatian footballer (born 1950)

Božo Bakota was a Croatian footballer who throughout his entire professional football career played only for two football clubs, NK Zagreb and SK Sturm Graz. He played as a midfielder for NK Zagreb and as a forward for SK Sturm Graz during a career spanning from 1971 to 1986.

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Don Edwards, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (born 1915)

William Donlon Edwards was an American politician of the Democratic Party and a member of the United States House of Representatives from California for 32 years in the late 20th century.

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Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (born 1985)

Hadi Norouzi was an Iranian footballer who played as a striker. He spent most of his career with Persepolis in the Persian Gulf Pro League.

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Jacob Pressman, American rabbi and academic, co-founder of American Jewish University (born 1919)

Jacob "Jack" Pressman was an American Conservative rabbi. He served as the rabbi of Temple Beth Am in Los Angeles, California, from 1950 to 1985. He was a co-founder of the American Jewish University in Bel Air. He penned a weekly column in The Beverly Hills Courier, from 2004 to 2015.

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01/10/2014

Lynsey de Paul, English singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress (born 1948)

Lynsey de Paul was an English singer-songwriter and record producer. After initially writing hits for others, she had her own chart hits in the UK and Europe in the 1970s, starting with UK top 10 single "Sugar Me", and became the first British female artist to achieve a number one with a self-written song. She represented the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 alongside Mike Moran with the song "Rock Bottom", finishing in second place and scoring another chart-topping hit in Switzerland, and had a successful career as a songwriter, record producer, actress and television celebrity.

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Shlomo Lahat, Israeli general and politician (born 1927)

Shlomo "Chich" Lahat was a major general in the Israel Defense Forces and former Head of the Manpower Directorate. He served as the eighth mayor of Tel Aviv in 1974–1993, for four consecutive terms. After election on the Likud ticket in 1974, he was re-elected in 1978, 1983 and 1989. He coined the slogan about Tel Aviv being "the city that never stops."

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José Martínez, Cuban-American baseball player and coach (born 1942)

José Martínez Azcuis was a Cuban-born professional baseball player, coach, executive and scout. As a player, he appeared in 96 Major League Baseball (MLB) games during 1969 and 1970 for the Pittsburgh Pirates, primarily as a second baseman. Martínez threw and batted right-handed and was listed as 6 feet 0 inches (1.83 m) and 178 pounds (81 kg).

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Robert Serra, Venezuelan criminologist and politician (born 1987)

Robert Serra was a Venezuelan politician from Maracaibo and a member of the Venezuelan National Assembly for the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV).

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01/10/2013

Arnold Burns, American lawyer, politician, and 21st United States Deputy Attorney General (born 1930)

Arnold Irwin Burns was an American lawyer. He served as the United States Deputy Attorney General from 1986 to 1988 under President Ronald Reagan and U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese. In March 1988, Burns, together with the head of the U.S. Justice Department's criminal division William Weld and four aides, resigned from office in protest of what they viewed as improper conduct by Attorney General Meese, including personal financial indiscretions. In July 1988, Burns and Weld jointly testified before the U.S. Congress in support of a potential prosecution of Meese following an investigation by a special prosecutor, who had declined to file charges. Meese resigned from office later in July 1988, shortly after Burns and Weld appeared before Congress.

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Tom Clancy, American author (born 1947)

Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. was an American novelist. He is best known for his technically detailed espionage and military-science storylines set during and after the Cold War. Seventeen of his novels have been bestsellers and more than 100 million copies of his books have been sold. His name has also been used on screenplays written by ghostwriters, nonfiction books on military subjects occasionally with co-authors, and video games. He was a part-owner of his hometown Major League Baseball team, the Baltimore Orioles, and vice-chairman of their community activities and public affairs committees.

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Imero Fiorentino, American lighting designer (born 1928)

Imero (Immie) Fiorentino was an American lighting designer, considered one of the most respected pioneers and leaders in the American entertainment industry. Beginning his career as a lighting designer in the Golden Age of Television, he designed productions for such celebrated series as Omnibus, U.S. Steel Hour, Pulitzer Prize Playhouse and Kraft Television Theatre. Fiorentino's expertise was often called upon by industry professionals throughout the world to consult on the planning and development of major productions, exhibits, museums and architectural projects; from the Republican National Convention and Democratic National Convention and numerous United States presidential election debates, major concert tours and television specials to the environmental lighting for Epcot’s World Showcase at Walt Disney World. His consulting work on major corporate events with clients included: Anheuser-Busch, Michelin, Electrolux, American Express and Xerox.

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Israel Gutman, Polish-Israeli historian and author (born 1923)

Israel Gutman was a Polish-born Israeli historian and a survivor of the Holocaust.

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Ole Danbolt Mjøs, Norwegian physician, academic, and politician (born 1939)

Ole Danbolt Mjøs was a Norwegian physician and politician for the Christian Democratic Party. A professor and former rector at the University of Tromsø, he was known worldwide as the leader of the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 2003 to 2008.

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Jim Rountree, American football player and coach (born 1936)

James W. Rountree was an American college and professional football player who was a defensive back in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for ten years during the 1950s and 1960s. Rountree played college football for the University of Florida, and thereafter, he played professionally for the Toronto Argonauts of the CFL.

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01/10/2012

Octavio Getino, Spanish-Argentinian director and screenwriter (born 1935)

Octavio Getino was an Argentine film director and writer who is best known for co-founding, along with Fernando Solanas, the Grupo Cine Liberación and the school of Third Cinema.

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Eric Hobsbawm, Egyptian-English historian and author (born 1917)

Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm was a British historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism and nationalism. His best-known works include his tetralogy about what he called the "long 19th century" and the "short 20th century", and an edited volume that introduced the influential idea of "invented traditions". He was a life-long Marxist, and his socio-political convictions influenced the character of his work.

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Mark R. Kravitz, American lawyer and judge (born 1950)

Mark Richard Kravitz was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut.

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Moshe Sanbar, Hungarian-Israeli economist and banker (born 1926)

Moshe Sanbar was an economist and Israeli public figure. He served as Governor of the Bank of Israel (1971–76) and chairman of Bank Leumi (1988–95).

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Shlomo Venezia, Greek-Italian Holocaust survivor and author (born 1923)

Shlomo Venezia was a Greek-born Italian Jew. He was a survivor of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp.

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01/10/2011

Sven Tumba, Swedish ice hockey player and golfer (born 1931)

Sven Tumba was one of the most prominent Swedish ice hockey players of the 1950s and 1960s. He also represented Sweden in football as well as golf and became Swedish champion in waterskiing.

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01/10/2010

Ian Buxton, English footballer and cricketer (born 1938)

Ian Ray Buxton was an English footballer and cricketer. He played football as an inside forward for Derby County between 1959 and 1967, before brief spells with Luton Town, Notts County, Port Vale, and non-League Ilkeston Town. He played a total of 215 league games in the English Football League, helping Luton Town to the Fourth Division title in 1967–68, also helping Port Vale to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1969–70. He also played cricket for Derbyshire from 1959 to 1973, serving the county as captain between 1970 and 1972.

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01/10/2009

Cintio Vitier, Cuban poet and author (born 1921)

Cintio Vitier was a Cuban poet, essayist, and novelist. Upon selecting him for the Juan Rulfo Prize, the award jury called him "one of the most important writers of his generation".

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01/10/2008

John Biddle, American cinematographer (born 1925)

John Scott Biddle was a foremost yachting cinematographer and lecturer, establishing a film-making career that spanned more than forty years. His films captured not only the technical aspects of sailing but also the human story in events as tranquil as a Nova Scotia cruise and as grand as the America's Cup Races.

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01/10/2007

Ronnie Hazlehurst, English conductor and composer (born 1928)

Ronald Hazlehurst was an English composer and conductor who, having joined the BBC in 1961, became its Light Entertainment Musical Director.

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Chris Mainwaring, Australian footballer and journalist (born 1965)

Christopher Douglas Mainwaring was an Australian rules footballer who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL) and for the East Fremantle Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL).

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Al Oerter, American discus thrower (born 1936)

Alfred Oerter Jr. was an American athlete and a four-time Olympic Champion in the discus throw. He was the first athlete to win a gold medal in the same individual event in four consecutive Olympic Games. Oerter is an inductee of the IAAF Hall of Fame.

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01/10/2006

Fawaz al-Rabeiee, Saudi Arabian terrorist (born 1979)

Fawaz Yahya al-Rabeiee was a Yemeni Islamist militant who was a cell ringleader for al-Qaeda in Yemen (AQY). Rabeiee and his cell were responsible for several attacks and plots on behalf of AQY, most prominently the MV Limburg bombing.

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Jerald Tanner, American author and activist (born 1938)

Jerald Dee Tanner and Sandra McGee Tanner are American writers and researchers who publish archival and evidential materials about the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Tanners founded the Utah Lighthouse Ministry (UTLM), whose stated mission is "to document problems with the claims of Mormon and compare LDS doctrines with Christianity". As of 2025 Sandra Tanner continues to operate the ministry after Jerald's death in 2006. The physical Lighthouse Ministry bookstore closed in 2023.

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01/10/2004

Richard Avedon, American photographer (born 1923)

Richard Avedon was an American fashion and portrait photographer. He worked for Harper's Bazaar, Vogue and Elle specializing in capturing movement in still pictures of fashion, theater and dance. An obituary published in The New York Times said that "his fashion and portrait photographs helped define America's image of style, beauty and culture for the last half-century".

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Bruce Palmer, Canadian bass player (born 1946)

Bruce Palmer was a Canadian musician best known as the bassist in the folk rock band Buffalo Springfield, who were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997.

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Robert Vaidlo, Estonian journalist and author (born 1921)

Robert Vaidlo was an Estonian journalist and children's writer.

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01/10/2002

Walter Annenberg, American publisher and diplomat (born 1908)

Walter Hubert Annenberg was an American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and diplomat. Annenberg owned and operated Triangle Publications, which included ownership of The Philadelphia Inquirer, TV Guide, the Daily Racing Form and Seventeen magazine. He was appointed by President Richard Nixon as United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom, where he served from 1969 to 1974.

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01/10/1997

Jerome H. Lemelson, American engineer and philanthropist (born 1923)

Jerome "Jerry" Hal Lemelson was an American engineer, inventor, and patent holder. Several of his inventions relate to warehouses, industrial robots, cordless telephones, fax machines, videocassette recorders, camcorders, and the magnetic tape drive. Lemelson's 605 patents made him one of the most prolific inventors in American history.

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01/10/1994

Paul Lorenzen, German mathematician and philosopher (born 1915)

Paul Lorenzen was a German philosopher and mathematician, founder of the Erlangen School and inventor of game semantics.

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01/10/1992

Petra Kelly, German activist and politician (born 1947)

Petra Karin Kelly was a German Green politician and ecofeminist activist. She was a founding member of the German Green Party, the first Green party to rise to prominence both nationally in Germany and worldwide. In 1982, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for "forging and implementing a new vision uniting ecological concerns with disarmament, social justice and human rights."

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01/10/1990

Curtis LeMay, American general (born 1906)

Curtis Emerson LeMay was a US Air Force general who was a key American military commander during World War II and the Cold War. He served as Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 1961 to 1965.

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01/10/1988

Sacheverell Sitwell, English author, poet, and critic (born 1897)

Sir Sacheverell Reresby Sitwell, 6th Baronet, was an English writer, particularly on baroque architecture, and an art and music critic. Sitwell produced some 50 volumes of poetry and some 50 works on art, music, architecture, and travel.

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01/10/1986

Archie League, American air traffic controller (born 1907)

Archie William League is generally considered the first air traffic controller in the United States. League had been a licensed pilot, and licensed engine and aircraft mechanic. He had barnstormed around in Missouri and Illinois with his "flying circus," prior to St. Louis hiring him as the first U.S. air traffic controller in 1929. He was stationed at the airfield in St. Louis, Missouri. Before the installation of a radio tower, he was a flagman who directed traffic via flags. His first "control tower" consisted of a wheelbarrow on which he mounted a beach umbrella for the summer heat. In it he carried a beach chair, his lunch, water, a notepad and a pair of signal flags to direct the aircraft. He used a checkered flag to indicate to the pilot "GO", i.e. proceed, or a red flag to indicate the pilot should "HOLD" their position. He kept warm out on the field in the winters by wearing a padded flying suit. When a radio tower was installed in the early 1930s, he became the airport's first radio controller.

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01/10/1985

Ninian Sanderson, Scottish race car driver (born 1925)

Ninian Sanderson was a Scottish car dealer, sports car racing driver, and winner of the 1956 24 Hours of Le Mans.

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E. B. White, American essayist and journalist (born 1899)

Elwyn Brooks White was an American writer, essayist and a contributing editor for The New Yorker magazine. He was also the author of highly popular books for children: Stuart Little (1945), Charlotte's Web (1952), and The Trumpet of the Swan (1970).

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01/10/1984

Walter Alston, American baseball player and manager (born 1911)

Walter Emmons Alston, nicknamed "Smokey", was an American baseball manager in Major League Baseball (MLB) who managed the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers from 1954 through 1976, signing 23 one-year contracts with the team. Regarded as one of the greatest managers in baseball history, Alston was known for his calm, reticent demeanor, for which he was sometimes referred to as "the Quiet Man."

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01/10/1975

Al Jackson, Jr., American drummer, songwriter, and producer (born 1935)

Albert J. Jackson Jr. was an American drummer, producer, and songwriter. He was a founding member of Booker T. & the M.G.'s, a group of session musicians who worked for Stax Records and produced their own instrumentals. Jackson was affectionately dubbed "The Human Timekeeper" for his drumming ability. He was posthumously inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2015, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Booker T. & the M.G.'s in 1992.

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01/10/1974

Spyridon Marinatos, Greek archaeologist and academic (born 1901)

Spyridon Marinatos was a Greek archaeologist who specialised in the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations of the Aegean Bronze Age. He is best known for the excavation of the Minoan site of Akrotiri on Thera, which he conducted between 1967 and 1974. He received many honours in Greece and abroad, and was considered one of the most important Greek archaeologists of his day.

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01/10/1972

Louis Leakey, Kenyan-English archaeologist and paleontologist (born 1903)

Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey was a Kenyan-British palaeoanthropologist and archaeologist whose work was important in demonstrating that humans evolved in Africa, particularly through discoveries made at Olduvai Gorge with his wife, fellow palaeoanthropologist Mary Leakey. Having established a programme of palaeoanthropological inquiry in eastern Africa, he also motivated many future generations to continue this scholarly work. Several members of the Leakey family became prominent scholars themselves.

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01/10/1970

Raúl Riganti, Argentinian race car driver (born 1893)

Raúl Riganti was an Argentine racing driver. He competed in the Indianapolis 500 three times, qualifying every year he was entered. Riganti was briefly an adviser of driver Juan Manuel Fangio.

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01/10/1968

Romano Guardini, Italian-German Catholic priest, author, and academic (born 1885)

Romano Guardini was an Italian, naturalized German Catholic priest, philosopher and theologian.

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01/10/1961

Ludwig Bemelmans, Italian-American author and illustrator (born 1898)

Ludwig Bemelmans was an Austrian and American writer and illustrator of children's books and adult novels. He is known best for the Madeline picture books. Six were published, the first in 1939.

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01/10/1959

Enrico De Nicola, Italian journalist, lawyer, politician, and first President of Italy (born 1877)

Enrico De Nicola was an Italian jurist, journalist, politician, and statesman who served as the first president of Italy in 1948 and provisional head of state of republican Italy from 1946 to 1948.

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01/10/1958

Robert Falk, Russian painter and educator (born 1886)

Robert Rafailovich Falk was a Russian and Soviet avant-garde painter.

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01/10/1957

Abdülhalik Renda, Turkish civil servant, politician, and sixth Turkish Minister of National Defence (born 1881)

Mustafa Abdülhalik Renda was a Turkish civil servant and politician of Albanian descent who was acting President of Turkey for one day after Atatürk's death in November 1938.

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01/10/1955

Charles Christie, American film producer who founded Christie Film Company (born 1880)

Charles Herbert Christie and Alfred Ernest Christie were Canadian motion picture entrepreneurs.

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01/10/1953

John Marin, American painter (born 1870)

John Marin was an early American modernist visual artist. He is known for his abstract landscape paintings and watercolors.

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01/10/1951

Peter McWilliam, Scottish-English footballer and manager (born 1878)

Peter McWilliam was a Scottish footballer who played at left-half for Inverness Thistle, Newcastle United and Scotland. He won every domestic trophy during his nine years with Newcastle United.

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01/10/1950

Faik Ali Ozansoy, Turkish poet, educator, and politician (born 1876)

Faik Ali Ozansoy was a Turkish politician, poet, and educator. He was the younger brother of Süleyman Nazif, an eminent man of letters and prominent member of the Committee for Union and Progress. Faik Ali was one of the foremost poets and writers of the Servet-i Fünun and Fecr-i Âti literary period. During World War I, Ozansoy served as the governor of Kütahya. Ozansoy is especially known for having saved the lives of thousands of Armenians during the Armenian genocide. Due to protecting the life of Armenian Christians, Ozansoy was known as the "governor of the infidels" by his contemporaries. On 24 April 2013, the day of remembrance for the Armenian Genocide, various prominent figures of both the Armenian and Turkish community visited his grave to pay tribute.

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01/10/1942

Ants Piip, Estonian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Estonia (born 1884)

Ants Piip VR III/1 was an Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician. Piip was the 1st Head of State of Estonia and the 5th Prime Minister of Estonia. Piip played a key role in internationalising the independence aspirations of Estonia during the Paris Peace Conference following World War I.

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01/10/1940

Chiungtze C. Tsen, Chinese mathematician (born 1898)

Chiungtze C. Tsen, given name Chiung, was a Chinese mathematician born in Nanchang, Jiangxi. He is known for his work in algebra. He was one of Emmy Noether's students at the University of Göttingen, Germany.

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01/10/1929

Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor and painter (born 1861)

Antoine Bourdelle, born Émile Antoine Bordelles, was a French sculptor and teacher. He was a student of Auguste Rodin, a teacher of Giacometti and Henri Matisse, and an important figure in the Art Deco movement and the transition from the Beaux-Arts style to modern sculpture.

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01/10/1913

Eugene O'Keefe, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (born 1827)

Eugene O'Keefe, baptized as Owen Keeffe, was an Irish-born Canadian businessman and philanthropist, well-known in the brewing industry for his signature brews. He incorporated the O'Keefe Brewery Company of Toronto Limited in 1891.

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01/10/1901

Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghan emir (born 1844)

Abdur Rahman Khan Barakzai, also known by his epithet as the Iron Emir, was Emir of Afghanistan from 11 August 1880 until his death on 1 October 1901. He is known for uniting the country after years of strong decentralization and internal fighting, and for the negotiation of the Durand Line agreement with British India.

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01/10/1895

Eli Whitney Blake, Jr., American chemist, physicist, and academic (born 1836)

Eli Whitney Blake Jr. was an American scientist. His father and namesake was an inventor and partner of the Blake Brothers manufacturing firm. His great uncle was Eli Whitney, who changed the face of the cotton industry with the invention of the cotton gin.

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01/10/1885

John Light Atlee, American physician and surgeon (born 1799)

John Light Atlee was an American physician and surgeon. He was one of the organizers of the American Medical Association, also serving as its president.

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01/10/1878

Mindon Min, Burmese king (born 1808)

Mindon Min, born Maung Lwin, was the penultimate king of Burma (Myanmar) from 1853 to 1878. He was one of the most popular and revered kings of Burma because of his role in the Fifth Buddhist Council. Under his half brother King Pagan, the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852 ended with the annexation of Lower Burma by the British Empire. Mindon and his younger brother Kanaung overthrew their half brother King Pagan. He spent most of his reign trying to defend the upper part of his country from British encroachments, and to modernize his kingdom.

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01/10/1864

Rose O'Neal Greenhow, American spy (born 1817)

Rose O'Neal Greenhow was a famous Confederate spy during the American Civil War. A socialite in Washington, D.C., during the period before the war, she moved in important political circles and cultivated friendships with presidents, generals, senators, and high-ranking military officers including John C. Calhoun and James Buchanan. She used her connections to pass along key military information to the Confederacy at the start of the war. In early 1861, she was given control of a pro-Southern spy network in Washington, D.C., by her handler, Thomas Jordan, then a captain in the Confederate Army. She was credited by Jefferson Davis, the Confederate president, with ensuring the South's victory at the First Battle of Bull Run in late July 1861.

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01/10/1838

Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and businessman (born 1768)

Charles Tennant was a Scottish chemist and industrialist. He discovered bleaching powder and founded an industrial dynasty.

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01/10/1837

Robert Clark, American politician (born 1777)

Robert Clark was a medical doctor and politician. He served in the New York State Assembly and one term as United States Representative from New York. With his family, he moved to Monroe, Michigan in 1823, joining the migration west. He did not run again for office.

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01/10/1819

James Bunbury White, American politician (born 1774)

James Bunbury White was an American politician and millwright. He was a member of both chambers of the North Carolina General Assembly, was the first to represent Columbus County in the North Carolina Senate, and was the founder of Whiteville, North Carolina.

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01/10/1788

William Brodie, Scottish businessman and politician (born 1741)

William Brodie, often known by his title of Deacon Brodie, was a Scottish cabinet-maker, deacon of a trades guild, and Edinburgh city councillor, who maintained a secret life as a burglar in order to support his mistresses and to fund a gambling addiction.

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01/10/1768

Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician and academic (born 1687)

Robert Simson was a Scottish mathematician and professor of mathematics at the University of Glasgow. The Simson line is named after him.

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01/10/1708

John Blow, English organist and composer (born 1649)

John Blow was an English composer and organist of the Baroque period. Appointed organist of Westminster Abbey in late 1668, his pupils included William Croft, Jeremiah Clarke and Henry Purcell. In 1685 he was named a private musician to James II. His only stage composition, Venus and Adonis, is thought to have influenced Henry Purcell's later opera Dido and Aeneas. In 1687, he became choirmaster at St Paul's Cathedral, where many of his pieces were performed. In 1699 he was appointed to the newly created post of Composer to the Chapel Royal.

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01/10/1693

Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian and academic (born 1619)

Pedro Abarca was a Jesuit theologian.

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01/10/1690

Girolamo Corner, Venetian statesman and military commander (born 1632)

Girolamo Corner or Cornaro was a Venetian nobleman and statesman. He served in high military posts during the Morean War against the Ottoman Empire, leading the Venetian conquest of Castelnuovo and Knin in Dalmatia, the capture of Monemvasia in Greece and of Valona and Kanina in Albania.

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01/10/1684

Pierre Corneille, French playwright (born 1606)

Pierre Corneille was a French tragedian. He is generally considered one of the three great 17th-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine.

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01/10/1683

John Hull, colonial American merchant and politician (born 1624)

John Hull was an English-born merchant, silversmith, slave trader and politician who spent the majority of his life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. After arriving in North America, he worked as a silversmith in Boston before becoming the moneyer responsible for issuing the colony's pine tree shillings in the mid-17th century. Hull was also a successful merchant and engaged in slave-trading on multiple occasions. He was also an early benefactor of Harvard College and a co-founder of the Old South Church.

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01/10/1652

Jan Asselijn, Dutch painter (born 1610)

Jan Asselijn was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

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01/10/1609

Giammateo Asola, Italian priest and composer (born 1532)

Giammateo Asola was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance. He was a prolific composer of sacred music, mostly in a conservative style, although he may have been one of the first composers to write a part for basso continuo.

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01/10/1602

Hernando de Cabezón, Spanish organist and composer (born 1541)

Hernando de Cabezón, was a Spanish composer and organist, son of Antonio de Cabezón. Only a few of his works are extant today, and he is chiefly remembered for publishing the bulk of his father's work.

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01/10/1588

Edward James, English priest and martyr (born 1557)

Edward James was an English Catholic priest and martyr.

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01/10/1578

John of Austria (born 1547)

John of Austria was the illegitimate son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V recognized him in a codicil to his will. John became a military leader in the service of his half-brother, King Philip II of Spain, Charles V's heir, and was addressed as a Don. He is best known for his role as the admiral of the Holy League fleet at the Battle of Lepanto and as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.

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01/10/1574

Maarten van Heemskerck, Dutch painter (born 1498)

Maarten van Heemskerck, also known as Marten Jacobsz Heemskerk van Veen, was a Dutch portrait and religious painter, who spent most of his career in Haarlem. He was a pupil of Jan van Scorel, and adopted his teacher's Italian-influenced style. He spent the years 1532–1536 in Italy. He produced many designs for engravers, and is especially known for his depictions of the Wonders of the World.

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01/10/1570

Frans Floris, Flemish painter (born 1520)

Frans Floris, Frans Floris the Elder or Frans Floris de Vriendt was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, print artist and tapestry designer. He is mainly known for his history paintings, allegorical scenes and portraits. He played an important role in the movement in Northern Renaissance painting referred to as Romanism. The Romanists had typically travelled to Italy to study the works of leading Italian High Renaissance artists such as Michelangelo, Raphael and their followers. Their art assimilated these Italian influences into the Northern painting tradition.

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01/10/1567

Pietro Carnesecchi, Italian humanist (born 1508)

Pietro Carnesecchi was an Italian humanist.

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01/10/1532

Jan Mabuse, Flemish painter

Jan Gossaert was a French-speaking painter from the Low Countries also known as Jan Mabuse or Jennyn van Hennegouwe (Hainaut), as he called himself when he matriculated in the Guild of Saint Luke, at Antwerp, in 1503. He was one of the first painters of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting to visit Italy and Rome, which he did in 1508–09, and a leader of the style known as Romanism, which brought elements of Italian Renaissance painting to the north, sometimes with a rather awkward effect. He achieved fame across at least northern Europe, and painted religious subjects, including large altarpieces, portraits and mythological subjects.

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01/10/1500

John Alcock, English bishop and politician (born 1430)

John Alcock was an English churchman, bishop and Lord Chancellor.

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01/10/1499

Marsilio Ficino, Italian astrologer and philosopher (born 1433)

Marsilio Ficino was an Italian scholar and Catholic priest who was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance. He was an astrologer, a reviver of Neoplatonism in touch with the major academics of his day, and the first translator of Plato's complete extant works into Latin. His Florentine Academy, an attempt to revive Plato's Academy, influenced the direction and tenor of the Italian Renaissance and the development of European philosophy.

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01/10/1450

Leonello d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara, Italian noble (born 1407)

Leonello d'Este was Marquess of Ferrara, Modena, and Reggio Emilia from 1441 to 1450. Despite the presence of legitimate children, Leonello was favoured by his father as his successor. In addition, his virtuous qualities, high level of education, and popularity among the common people as well as his formal papal recognition ultimately made him the most suitable heir.

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01/10/1416

Yaqub Spata, Albanian ruler

Yaqub Spata or Shpata was the last Lord of Arta, ruling from 1414/15 until 1416, with a brief interval when he was evicted by the local population. His rule ended after his capture and execution by Carlo I Tocco, who proceeded to incorporate Arta to his domains.

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01/10/1404

Pope Boniface IX (born 1356)

Pope Boniface IX was head of the Catholic Church from 2 November 1389 to his death, in October 1404. He was the second Roman pope during the Western Schism. In this time, the Avignon claimants, Clement VII and Benedict XIII, maintained the Roman Curia in Avignon, under the protection of the French monarchy. He is the last pope to date to take on the pontifical name "Boniface".

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01/10/1310

Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (born 1257)

Beatrice of Burgundy was ruling Lady of Bourbon from 1288 to 1310, and, through her mother, heiress of all Bourbon estates.

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01/10/1126

Morphia of Melitene, Queen of Jerusalem

Morphia of Melitene was queen consort of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1118 until her death. She was an Armenian by ethnicity and a Melkite Greek Orthodox Christian. Her father, Gabriel, was a warlord in northern Syria. He wished to marry her off to one of the crusader leaders who were carving out states in the Levant, and eventually chose Count Baldwin II of Edessa. They married around 1100 and had four daughters: Melisende, Alice, Hodierna, and Ioveta. In 1118, Baldwin was elected king of Jerusalem; the next year, Morphia became the first woman to be crowned as the queen of Jerusalem. She did not participate in the government but took initiative to liberate her husband after he was captured in 1123. She died a few years later. According to historian Bernard Hamilton, her religious practices left a lasting mark on the status of Orthodox Christians in the crusader kingdom.

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01/10/1040

Alan III, Duke of Brittany (born 997)

Alan III of Rennes was Count of Rennes and duke of Brittany, by right of succession from 1008 to his death.

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01/10/0961

Artald, archbishop of Reims

Artald of Reims was twice Archbishop of Reims. He held the post first 931 to 940, when he was displaced by Hugh of Vermandois. He was restored, with the help of Louis IV of France, in 946.

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01/10/0959

Eadwig, English king (born 941)

Eadwig was King of England from 23 November 955 until his death in 959. He was the elder son of Edmund I and his first wife Ælfgifu, who died in 944. Eadwig and his brother Edgar were young children when their father was killed trying to rescue his seneschal from attack by an outlawed thief on 26 May 946. As Edmund's sons were too young to rule he was succeeded by his brother Eadred, who suffered from ill health and died unmarried in his early 30s.

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01/10/0918

Zhou, empress of Former Shu

Empress Zhou, formally Empress Shunde, known as Empress Zhaosheng in her lifetime, was an empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu, as the wife of Former Shu's first emperor Wang Jian.

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01/10/0895

Kong Wei, chancellor of the Tang dynasty

Kong Wei (孔緯), courtesy name Huawen (化文), formally the Duke of Lu (魯公), was an official of the late Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xizong and Emperor Xizong's younger brother Emperor Zhaozong.

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01/10/0804

Richbod, archbishop of Trier

Richbod was a Frankish monk and prelate who was the Abbot of Lorsch from 784 and Abbot of Mettlach and Archbishop of Trier from around 792, holding all three of these positions concurrently. He is first documented as a monk in the Lorsch monastery, where he worked as a document clerk. After, he would be noticed and picked up as a student of Alcuin at the court of Charlemagne. Whilst under king he would rise to role of advisor and be awarded the titles of:

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01/10/0686

Emperor Tenmu of Japan (born 631)

Emperor Tenmu was the 40th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. He was born Prince Ōama around 630, the son of Emperor Jomei and Princess Takara. Ruling from 673 to 686, during the Asuka period, his life is mainly documented by the chronicles Nihon Shoki and Kojiki, as well as the poetry collection Man'yōshū.

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01/10/0630

Tajoom Uk'ab K'ahk', Mayan king

Tajoom Ukʼab Kʼahkʼ was a Maya ruler of the Kaan kingdom. He became a king on March 28, 622.

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