Died on Tuesday, 28th October – Famous Deaths

28/10/2024

Renato Martino, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (born 1932)

Renato Raffaele Martino was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Created a cardinal in 2003, Martino became the longest serving cardinal deacon, the cardinal protodeacon, from June 2014. He served for more than twenty years in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including sixteen years as Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations. He held positions in the Roman Curia from 2002 to 2009.

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Paul Morrissey, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1938)

Paul Joseph Morrissey was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He was best known for his long association with Andy Warhol and the Factory scene during the 1960s and early 1970s.

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Jamshid Sharmahd, German-American affiliate of Kingdom Assembly of Iran (born 1955)

Jamshid Sharmahd was a German national and software engineer, based in Los Angeles, California. A permanent resident of the United States from 2003, Sharmahd had been targeted by the Iranian government for his connections to Tondar, an Iranian monarchist group engaging in violent attacks. He was abducted by Iranian agents in a forced disappearance in 2020. In a 2023 trial condemned by Amnesty International, Germany, the United States, and the European Council, Sharmahd was sentenced to death. He was held in solitary confinement until his execution on 28 October 2024.

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Kazuo Umezu, Japanese manga artist (born 1936)

Kazuo Umezu or Kazuo Umezz was a Japanese manga artist, musician and actor. Starting his career in the 1950s, he is among the most famous artists of horror manga and has been vital for its development, considered the "god of horror manga". In 1960s shōjo manga like Reptilia, he broke the industry's conventions by combining the aesthetics of the commercial manga industry with gruesome visual imagery inspired by Japanese folktales, which created a boom of horror manga and influenced manga artists of following generations. He created successful manga series such as The Drifting Classroom, Makoto-chan and My Name Is Shingo, until he retired from drawing manga in the mid 1990s. He was a public figure in Japan, known for wearing red-and-white-striped shirts and doing his signature "Gwash" hand gesture.

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28/10/2023

Matthew Perry, American-Canadian actor (born 1969)

Matthew Langford Perry was an American and Canadian actor. He gained international fame for starring as Chandler Bing on the NBC television sitcom Friends (1994–2004). Perry also appeared on Ally McBeal (2002) and received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in The West Wing (2003) and The Ron Clark Story (2006). He played a leading role in the NBC series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip (2006–2007), and also became known for his leading film roles in Fools Rush In (1997), Almost Heroes (1998), Three to Tango (1999), The Whole Nine Yards (2000), Serving Sara (2002), The Whole Ten Yards (2004), and 17 Again (2009).

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Adam Johnson, American ice hockey player (born 1994)

Adam Robert Johnson was an American professional ice hockey forward. He played 13 games in the National Hockey League with the Pittsburgh Penguins during the 2018–19 and 2019–20 seasons. He also played in Europe with the Malmö Redhawks, Augsburger Panther, and Nottingham Panthers. Johnson died after an on-ice collision resulted in a cut to his neck from the blade of another player's skate.

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28/10/2022

Jerry Lee Lewis, American singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1935)

Jerry Lee Lewis was an American pianist, singer, and songwriter. Nicknamed "The Killer", he was described as "rock 'n' roll's first great wild man". A pioneer of rock and roll and rockabilly music, Lewis made his first recordings in 1952 at Cosimo Matassa's J&M Studio in New Orleans, Louisiana, and early recordings in 1956 at Sun Records in Memphis, Tennessee. He later became known for his chart topping country music recordings from the 1960s and 1970s. "Crazy Arms" sold 300,000 copies in the Southern United States, but his 1957 hit "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On" shot Lewis to worldwide fame. He followed this with the major hits "Great Balls of Fire", "Breathless", and "High School Confidential".

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28/10/2018

Colin Sylvia, Australian rules footballer (born 1985)

Colin Martin Sylvia was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club and Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

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28/10/2014

Galway Kinnell, American poet and academic (born 1927)

Galway Mills Kinnell was an American poet. His dark poetry emphasized scenes and experiences in threatening, ego-less natural environments. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his 1982 collection, Selected Poems and split the National Book Award for Poetry with Charles Wright. From 1989 to 1993, he was poet laureate for the state of Vermont.

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Michael Sata, Zambian police officer and politician, 5th President of Zambia (born 1937)

Michael Charles Chilufya Sata was a Zambian politician who served as the fifth president of Zambia from 2011 until his death in 2014. A social democrat, he led the Patriotic Front (PF), a major political party in Zambia. Under President Frederick Chiluba, Sata was a minister during the 1990s as part of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) government. He went into opposition in 2001, forming the PF.

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28/10/2013

Tetsuharu Kawakami, Japanese baseball player and manager (born 1920)

Tetsuharu Kawakami was a Japanese baseball player and manager, known for his red bat, and his nickname dageki no kamisama .

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Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Polish journalist and politician, Prime Minister of Poland (born 1927)

Tadeusz Mazowiecki was a Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and politician, formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement, and the first non-communist Polish prime minister since 1946, having held the post from 1989 to 1991.

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Aleksandar Tijanić, Serbian journalist (born 1949)

Aleksandar Tijanić was a Serbian journalist and director-general of the country's public broadcaster Radio-Television of Serbia from 2004 to 2013. During his career he was a star columnist for leading newspapers and magazines published in SFR Yugoslavia and Serbia, editor in chief of several prominent television stations, political advisor to prominent Serbian politicians, and Minister of Information for four months in 1996 in the government headed by Mirko Marjanović during the rule of Slobodan Milošević.

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Rajendra Yadav, Indian author (born 1929)

Rajendra Yadav was a Hindi fiction writer, and a pioneer of the 'Nayi Kahani' movement of Hindi literature. He edited the literary magazine HANS, which was founded by Munshi Premchand in 1930 but ceased publication in 1953 – Yadav relaunched it on 31 July 1986,.

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28/10/2012

Gordon Bilney, Australian dentist and politician (born 1939)

Gordon Neil Bilney was an Australian politician. He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives for the seat of Kingston from 1983 to 1996.

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John Cheffers, Australian footballer and coach (born 1936)

Dr. John Theodore Francis Cheffers was the second Director of the Australian Institute of Sport. He succeeded Don Talbot as AIS Director in 1984 and stayed in the role until 1986. Ronald Harvey took over the directorship of the institute after his departure. Cheffers was a professor of Education and Coordinator of the Human Movement Program at Boston University and contributed a number of journal articles on sport and physical education.

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Jack Dellal, English businessman (born 1923)

Jack Dellal was a British property investor, nicknamed "Black Jack". His company, the property group Allied Commercial Holdings, financed the purchase of Shell Mex House in 2002 and sold it in 2007. Dellal had a net worth of £4.6 billion, making him one of the richest men in England during his time.

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28/10/2011

Tom Addington, English soldier (born 1919)

Raymond Thomas Casamajor Addington was a British Army soldier who won the Military Cross in the Netherlands in 1944/45 for his bravery as a battery captain with the 13th Honourable Artillery Company (HAC), Royal Horse Artillery (RHA).

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28/10/2010

Liang Congjie, Chinese historian and activist, founded Friends of Nature (born 1932)

Liang Congjie was a Chinese historian best known for his work as an environmental activist who established the Friends of Nature in 1994 as the first environmental non-governmental organization to be officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China.

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James MacArthur, American actor (born 1937)

James Gordon MacArthur was an American actor and recording artist.

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Jonathan Motzfeldt, Greenlandic politician, 1st Prime Minister of Greenland (born 1938)

Jonathan Jakob Jørgen Otto Motzfeldt was a Greenlandic priest and politician. He is considered one of the leading figures in the establishment of Greenland Home Rule. Jonathan Motzfeldt was the first prime minister of Greenland. He was Greenland's prime minister from 1979 until 1991 and 1997 until 2002. He is Greenland's longest-serving prime minister and won the most elections of any Greenlandic prime minister. He is considered a centre-left politician and Greenland became a recognized country during his tenure.

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Ehud Netzer, Israeli archaeologist, architect, and educator (born 1934)

Ehud Netzer was an Israeli architect, archaeologist and educator, known for his extensive excavations at Herodium, where in 2007 he found and identified the tomb of Herod the Great; and the discovery of a structure defined by Netzer as a synagogue, which, if true would be the oldest one ever found.

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28/10/2009

Taylor Mitchell, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1990)

Taylor Josephine Stephanie Luciow, known by her stage name Taylor Mitchell, was a Canadian country folk singer and songwriter from Toronto. Her debut and sole studio album, For Your Consideration (2009), received encouraging reviews and airplay. Following a busy summer performance schedule, which included an appearance as a young performer at the Winnipeg Folk Festival, Mitchell embarked on a tour of Eastern Canada with a newly acquired licence and car.

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28/10/2007

Takao Fujinami, Japanese lawyer and politician (born 1932)

Takao Fujinami was a Japanese politician who served as the Chief Cabinet Secretary from 1983 to 1985. He also served as a member of the House of Representatives from 1967 to 1993, and again from 1996 to 2003.

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Porter Wagoner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1927)

Porter Wayne Wagoner was an American country music singer known for his flashy Nudie and Manuel suits and blond pompadour.

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28/10/2006

Red Auerbach, American basketball player and coach (born 1917)

Arnold Jacob "Red" Auerbach was an American professional basketball coach and executive. As head coach, he led the Boston Celtics to eight consecutive NBA championships between 1959 to 1966. On retiring in 1966, he held an NBA coaching record of 938 wins. He served as general manager of the Celtics from 1966 to 1984, and later as President and Vice-Chairman of the Board. He won a combined 16 NBA titles in his 29 years with the Celtics, the most of any individual, making him one of the most successful team officials in the history of North American professional sports. He served as president of the Celtics until his death in 2006 at the age of 89.

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Trevor Berbick, Jamaican-Canadian boxer (born 1954)

Trevor Berbick was a Jamaican professional boxer who competed from 1976 to 2000. He won the WBC heavyweight title in 1986 by defeating Pinklon Thomas, then lost it in his first defense in the same year to Mike Tyson. Berbick was the last boxer to fight Muhammad Ali, defeating him in 1981 by unanimous decision.

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Marijohn Wilkin, American guitarist and songwriter (born 1920)

Marijohn Wilkin was an American songwriter, famous in country music for writing a number of hits such as "One Day At a Time" and "The Long Black Veil". Wilkin won numerous awards over the years and was referred to as "The Den Mother of Music Row," as chronicled in her 1978 biography Lord, Let Me Leave a Song. It was honored as “One of the 100 Most Important Books about Nashville’s Music Industry.”

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28/10/2005

Bob Broeg, American soldier and journalist (born 1918)

Robert William Patrick Broeg was an American sportswriter and newspaper editor who covered the St. Louis Cardinals for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch for forty years.

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Raymond Hains, French photographer (born 1926)

Raymond Hains was a French visual artist and a founder of the Nouveau réalisme movement. In 1960, he signed, along with Arman, François Dufrêne, Yves Klein, Jean Tinguely, Jacques Villeglé and Pierre Restany, the Manifesto of New Realism. In 1976, the first retrospective exhibition dedicated to Hains’ work was organized by Daniel Abadie at the National Center of Art and Culture (C.N.A.C.) in Paris. Hains named the show, which was the last one to be displayed at the C.N.A.C., La Chasse au C.N.A.C.. For it, Daniel Spoerri organized a dinner entitled La faim au C.N.A.C..

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Tony Jackson, American basketball player (born 1942)

Tony B. Jackson was an American professional basketball player.

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Fernando Quejas, Cape Verdean-Portuguese singer-songwriter (born 1922)

Fernando Aguilar Quejas was a singer and a songwriter of Cape Verde.

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Richard Smalley, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1943)

Richard Errett Smalley was an American chemist who was the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy at Rice University. In 1996, along with Robert Curl, also a professor of chemistry at Rice, and Harold Kroto, a professor at the University of Sussex, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of a new form of carbon, buckminsterfullerene, also known as buckyballs. He was an advocate of nanotechnology and its applications.

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Ljuba Tadić, Serbian actor and screenwriter (born 1929)

Ljubomir "Ljuba" Tadić was a Yugoslav actor who enjoyed a reputation as one of the greatest names in the history of former Yugoslav cinema.

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28/10/2004

Eugene K. Bird, American colonel and author, US Commandant of Spandau Prison (born 1926)

Lieutenant Colonel Eugene K. Bird was US Commandant of the Spandau Allied Prison from 1964 to 1972 where, together with six others, Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess was incarcerated.

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28/10/2003

Sally Baldwin, Scottish social sciences professor (born 1940)

Sally Baldwin was a University of York social sciences professor and author.

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28/10/2002

Margaret Booth, American screenwriter and producer (born 1898)

Margaret Booth was an American film editor. In a career lasting seven decades, Booth was most associated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).

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Erling Persson, Swedish businessman, founded H&M (born 1917)

Erling Persson was the founder of H&M. He got the idea following a post-World War II trip to the United States: he was impressed by the country's efficient, high-volume stores.

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28/10/2001

Gerard Hengeveld, Dutch pianist, composer, and educator (born 1910)

Gerard Hengeveld was a Dutch classical pianist, music composer and educationalist. He is especially known for his compositions of study material for piano. Other compositions include two piano concertos, a violin sonata, and a sonata for cello. Hengeveld was an able interpreter and performer of the music of Bach for piano and harpsichord. He gave regular concerts in the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. Some of his concerts were captured on record. Hengeveld was a professor at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague. Amongst his students was Dutch pianist and musicologist Frans Bouwman.

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28/10/2000

Andújar Cedeño, Dominican baseball player (born 1969)

Andújar Cedeño Donastorg was a Dominican Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop who played from 1990 to 1996. Born in La Romana, Dominican Republic, he played for the Houston Astros from 1990 to 1994, the San Diego Padres in 1995, and in 1996 played for the Padres, Detroit Tigers and Houston Astros again. His brother is former MLB player Domingo Cedeño. Four years after he last appeared in the major leagues, Cedeño was killed in a car accident in the Dominican Republic.

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28/10/1999

Antonios Katinaris, Greek singer-songwriter (born 1931)

Antonios Katinaris was a Greek musician.

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28/10/1998

Ted Hughes, English poet and playwright (born 1930)

Edward James Hughes was an English poet, translator, and children's writer. Critics frequently rank him as one of the best poets of his generation and one of the twentieth century's greatest writers. He was appointed Poet Laureate in 1984 and held the office until his death. In 2008, The Times ranked Hughes fourth on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".

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28/10/1997

Paul Jarrico, American screenwriter and producer (born 1915)

Paul Jarrico was an Oscar-nominated American screenwriter who was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studios during the era of McCarthyism.

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28/10/1993

Juri Lotman, Russian-Estonian historian and scholar (born 1922)

Juri Lotman was a prominent Russian-Estonian literary scholar, semiotician, and historian of Russian culture, who worked at the University of Tartu. He was elected a member of the British Academy (1977), the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (1987), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1989) and the Estonian Academy of Sciences (1990). He was a founder of the Tartu–Moscow Semiotic School. The number of his printed works exceeds 800 titles. His extensive archive includes his correspondence with a number of Russian and Western intellectuals.

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28/10/1989

Henry Hall, English bandleader, composer, and actor (born 1898)

Henry Robert Hall was an English bandleader who performed regularly on BBC Radio during the British dance band era of the 1920s and 1930s, through to the 1960s.

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28/10/1987

André Masson, French soldier and painter (born 1896)

André-Aimé-René Masson was a French artist. He was a leading figure in the Surrealist movement and an influence on Abstract Expressionism. He served in the French Army from 1914 to 1919. During his exile in the United States during World War II, his work influenced the development of the New York School, where he influenced young American artists, most notably Jackson Pollock and Arshile Gorky.

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28/10/1986

John Braine, English author (born 1922)

John Gerard Braine was an English novelist. Braine is usually listed among the angry young men, a loosely defined group of English writers who emerged on the literary scene in the 1950s.

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28/10/1983

Otto Messmer, American animator and screenwriter (born 1892)

Otto James Messmer was an American animator known for his work on the Felix the Cat cartoons and comic strip produced by the Pat Sullivan studio.

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28/10/1978

Rukmani Devi, Sri Lankan singer and actress (born 1923)

Daisy Rasammah Daniels, known popularly as Rukmani Devi was a Sri Lankan film actress and singer who was often acclaimed as "The Nightingale of Sri Lanka". She made it to the silver screen via the stage and had acted in close to 100 films at the time of her death. Having an equal passion for singing as well as a melodious voice, she was Sri Lanka's foremost female singer in the gramophone era. She was posthumously awarded the Sarasaviya 'Rana Thisara'- Life Time Achievement Award at the 1979 Sarasaviya Awards Festival.

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28/10/1976

Aarne Juutilainen, Finnish army captain (born 1904)

Aarne Edward Juutilainen, nicknamed "Marokon kauhu", was a Finnish army captain who served in the French Foreign Legion in Morocco between 1930 and 1935. After returning to Finland, he served in the Finnish army and became a national hero in the Battle of Kollaa during the Winter War with the Soviet Union; with his relentless fighting spirit, he rose to legendary status on the war front. He was wounded three times during World War II.

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28/10/1975

Georges Carpentier, French boxer and actor (born 1894)

Georges Carpentier was a French boxer, actor and World War I pilot. A precocious pugilist, Carpentier fought in numerous categories. He fought mainly as a light heavyweight and heavyweight in a career lasting from 1908 to 1926. A French professional champion on several occasions, he became the European heavyweight champion before the First World War. A sergeant aviator during the Great War, he was wounded before returning to civilian life. He then discovered rugby union, playing as a winger.

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Oliver Nelson, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer (born 1932)

Oliver Edward Nelson was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, arranger, composer, and bandleader. His 1961 Impulse! album The Blues and the Abstract Truth (1961) is regarded as one of the most significant recordings of its era. The centerpiece of the album is the definitive version of Nelson's composition, "Stolen Moments". Other important recordings from the 1960s are the albums More Blues and the Abstract Truth (1964) and Sound Pieces (1966), both also on Impulse!.

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28/10/1973

Taha Hussein, Egyptian historian, author, and academic (born 1889)

Taha Hussein was among the most influential 20th-century Egyptian writers and intellectuals, and a leading figure of the Arab Renaissance and the modernist movement in the Arab world. His sobriquet was "The Dean of Arabic Literature" . He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature twenty-one times.

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Sergio Tofano, Italian actor, director, and playwright (born 1883)

Sergio Tòfano was an Italian actor, theatre director, playwright, scene designer and illustrator. As a comics artist, he is best-known for creating Signor Bonaventura.

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28/10/1970

Baby Huey, American singer-songwriter (born 1944)

James Thomas Ramey, better known as Baby Huey, was an American singer. He was the frontman for the band Baby Huey & the Babysitters, whose sole LP for Curtom Records in 1971 was influential in the development of hip-hop music.

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28/10/1969

Constance Dowling, American model and actress (born 1920)

Constance Dowling was an American model turned actress of the 1940s and 1950s.

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28/10/1965

Thomas Graham Brown, Scottish mountaineer and physiologist (born 1882)

Thomas Graham Brown FRS was a Scottish mountaineer and physiologist, most famous for finding three new routes up the east face of Mont Blanc.

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28/10/1963

Mart Saar, Estonian organist and composer (born 1882)

Mart Saar was an Estonian composer, organist and collector of folk songs.

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28/10/1959

Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban soldier (born 1932)

Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán was a Cuban revolutionary. One of the major figures of the Cuban Revolution, he was considered second only to Fidel Castro among the revolutionary leadership.

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28/10/1957

Ernst Gräfenberg, German-American physician and gynecologist (born 1881)

Ernst Gräfenberg was a German-born physician and scientist. He developed the intrauterine device (IUD), and studied the role of the woman's urethra in orgasm. The G-spot is named after him.

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28/10/1952

Billy Hughes, English-Australian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Australia (born 1862)

William Morris Hughes was an Australian politician who served as the seventh prime minister of Australia from 1915 to 1923. He led the nation during World War I, and his influence on national politics spanned several decades. He was a member of the federal parliament from the Federation of Australia in 1901 until his death in 1952, and is the only person to have served as a parliamentarian for more than 50 years. He represented six political parties during his career, leading five, outlasting four, and being expelled from three.

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28/10/1945

Kesago Nakajima, Japanese general (born 1881)

Kesago Nakajima was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese forces under Nakajima's command committed the 1937 Nanjing Massacre.

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28/10/1941

Filipp Goloshchyokin, Soviet politician (born 1876)

Filipp Isayevich Goloshchyokin, born Shaya Itsikovich Goloshchyokin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and party functionary.

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28/10/1939

Alice Brady, American actress (born 1892)

Alice Brady was an American actress of stage and film. She began her career in the theatre in 1911, and her first important success came on Broadway in 1912 when she created the role of Meg March in the original production of Marian de Forest's Little Women. As a screen actress she first appeared in silent films and was one of the few actresses to survive the transition into talkies. She worked until six months before her death from cancer in 1939. Her films include My Man Godfrey (1936), in which she plays the flighty mother of Carole Lombard's character, and In Old Chicago (1938), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

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28/10/1936

Newton Moore, Australian soldier and politician, 8th Premier of Western Australia (born 1870)

Major General Sir Newton James Moore, was an Australian politician, businessman and army officer. He served as the eighth Premier of Western Australia from 1906 to 1910 and, following service in the First World War, was a member of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1932. He was the father of Sir Rodney Moore.

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28/10/1929

Bernhard von Bülow, German soldier and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1849)

Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin, Prince of Bülow was a German politician who served as the imperial chancellor of the German Empire and minister-president of Prussia from 1900 to 1909. A fervent supporter of Weltpolitik, Bülow devoted his chancellorship to transforming Germany into a global power. Despite presiding over sustained economic growth and major scientific breakthroughs within his country, his government's bellicose foreign policy did much to antagonize France, Great Britain and Russia thereby significantly contributing to the outbreak of World War I.

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28/10/1918

Ulisse Dini, Italian mathematician and politician (born 1845)

Ulisse Dini was an Italian mathematician and politician, born in Pisa. He is known for his contributions to real analysis, partly collected in his book "Fondamenti per la teorica delle funzioni di variabili reali".

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28/10/1917

Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (born 1831)

Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein was a German prince who became a member of the British royal family through his marriage to Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, the fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

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Dimitrios Votsis, Greek lawyer and politician (born 1841)

Dimitrios Votsis was a Greek politician and served as the mayor of Patras. His family hailed from Paramythia in Thesprotia, Epirus. Son of Athanasios and Eleni Votsi, who were among the first settlers of the city after their struggle for an independent Greece in Epirus was unsuccessful. Votsis pursued a legal education and later practiced law while also working as a judge in Patras.

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28/10/1916

Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist and academic (born 1838)

Cleveland Abbe was an American meteorologist and advocate of time zones.

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Oswald Boelcke, German WWI flying ace (born 1891)

Hauptmann Oswald Boelcke was a German professional soldier and pioneering flying ace credited with 40 aerial victories during World War I. Boelcke is honored as the father of the German fighter air force, and of air combat as a whole. He was a highly influential mentor, patrol leader, and tactician in the first years of air combat, 1915 and 1916.

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28/10/1914

Richard Heuberger, Austrian composer and critic (born 1850)

Richard Franz Joseph Heuberger was an Austrian composer of operas and operettas, a music critic, and teacher.

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28/10/1906

Jean Benner, French artist (born 1836)

Jean Benner was a French artist. He was twin to fellow artist, Emmanuel Benner, and the father of Emmanuel M. Benner, another artist.

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28/10/1900

Max Müller, German philologist and orientalist (born 1823)

Friedrich Max Müller was a German-born British comparative philologist and Orientalist. He was one of the founders of the Western academic disciplines of Indology and religious studies. Müller wrote both scholarly and popular works on the subject of Indology. He directed the preparation of the Sacred Books of the East, a 50-volume set of English translations which continued after his death.

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28/10/1899

Ottmar Mergenthaler, German-American engineer, invented the Linotype machine (born 1854)

Ottmar Mergenthaler was a German-American inventor who invented the linotype machine, the first device that could easily and quickly set complete lines of type for use in printing presses. This machine revolutionized the art of printing.

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28/10/1879

Marie Roch Louis Reybaud, French economist and politician (born 1799)

Marie Roch Louis Reybaud was a French writer, political economist and politician. He was born in Marseille.

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28/10/1877

Robert Swinhoe, English ornithologist and entomologist (born 1835)

Robert Swinhoe FRS was an English diplomat and naturalist who served as a consul in Qing-era Taiwan. He catalogued many East Asian birds, and several, such as Swinhoe's pheasant, are named after him.

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28/10/1857

Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, French general and politician, 26th Prime Minister of France (born 1802)

Louis-Eugène Cavaignac was a French general and politician who served as head of the executive power of France from June to December 1848, during the French Second Republic.

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28/10/1841

Johan August Arfwedson, Swedish chemist and academic (born 1792)

Johan August Arfwedson was a Swedish chemist who discovered the chemical element lithium in 1817 by isolating it as a salt.

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28/10/1818

Abigail Adams, American writer and second First Lady of the United States (born 1744)

Abigail Adams was the wife and closest advisor of John Adams, the second president of the United States, and the mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States. She is widely considered to be an influential figure in the founding of the United States, and was both the first second lady and second first lady of the United States, although such titles were not used at the time. She and Barbara Bush are the only two women in American history who were both married to a U.S. president and the mother of a U.S. president.

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28/10/1806

Charlotte Turner Smith, English poet and author (born 1749)

Charlotte Smith was an English novelist and poet of the School of Sensibility whose Elegiac Sonnets (1784) contributed to the revival of the form in England. She also helped to set conventions for Gothic fiction and wrote political novels of sensibility. Despite eleven novels, four children's books and other works, she saw herself mainly as a poet and expected to be remembered for that.

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28/10/1800

Artemas Ward, American general and politician (born 1727)

Artemas Ward was an American major general in the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts. He was considered an effective political leader, President John Adams describing him as "universally esteemed, beloved, and confided in by his army and his country".

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28/10/1792

Paul Möhring, German physician, botanist, and zoologist (born 1710)

Paul Heinrich Gerhard Möhring was a German physician, botanist and zoologist.

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John Smeaton, English engineer, designed the Coldstream Bridge and Perth Bridge (born 1724)

John Smeaton was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses. He was also a capable mechanical engineer and an eminent scholar, who introduced various scientific methodologies into engineering. Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed "civil engineer", and is often regarded as the "father of civil engineering". He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime in concrete, using pebbles and powdered brick as aggregate. Smeaton was associated with the Lunar Society.

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28/10/1787

Johann Karl August Musäus, German author (born 1735)

Johann Karl August Musäus was a German author. He was one of the first collectors of German folk stories, most celebrated for his Volksmärchen der Deutschen (1782–1787), a collection of German fairy tales retold as satires.

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28/10/1768

Michel Blavet, French flute player and composer (born 1700)

Michel Blavet was a French composer and flute virtuoso. Although Blavet taught himself to play almost every instrument, he specialized in the bassoon and the flute which he held to the left, the opposite of how most flutists hold theirs today.

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28/10/1763

Heinrich von Brühl, German general and politician (born 1700)

Heinrich, Count von Brühl, was a Polish-Saxon statesman at the court of Saxony and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and a member of the powerful German von Brühl family. The incumbency of this ambitious politician coincided with the decline of both states. Brühl was a skillful diplomat and cunning strategist, who managed to attain control over Saxony and Poland, partly by controlling its king, Augustus III, who ultimately could only be accessed through Brühl himself.

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28/10/1755

Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (born 1689)

Joseph Bodin de Boismortier was a French baroque composer of chamber music, cantatas, opéra-ballets, and vocal music. Boismortier was one of the first composers to have no patrons: having obtained a royal licence for engraving music in 1724, he made enormous sums of money by publishing his music for sale to the public.

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28/10/1754

Friedrich von Hagedorn, German poet (born 1708)

Friedrich von Hagedorn was a German Rococo poet. He was born in Hamburg, where his father, a man of scientific and literary taste, was the Danish ambassador. His younger brother, Christian Ludwig, was a well known art historian and collector.

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28/10/1740

Anna of Russia (born 1693)

Anna Ioannovna, also russified as Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, served as regent of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much of her administration was defined or heavily influenced by actions set in motion by her uncle, Peter the Great, such as the lavish building projects in St. Petersburg, funding the Russian Academy of Science, and measures which generally favored the nobility, such as the repeal of a primogeniture law in 1730. In the West, Anna's reign was traditionally viewed as a continuation of the transition from the old Muscovy ways to the European court envisioned by Peter the Great. Within Russia, Anna's reign is often referred to as a "dark era".

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28/10/1716

Stephen Fox, English politician (born 1627)

Sir Stephen Fox of Farley in Wiltshire, of Redlynch Park in Somerset, of Chiswick, Middlesex and of Whitehall, was a royal administrator and courtier to King Charles II, and a politician, who rose from humble origins to become the "richest commoner in the three kingdoms". He made the foundation of his wealth from his tenure of the newly created office of Paymaster-General of His Majesty's Forces, which he held twice, in 1661–1676 and 1679–1680. He was the principal force of inspiration behind the founding of the Royal Hospital Chelsea, to which he contributed £13,000.

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28/10/1708

Prince George of Denmark (born 1653)

Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland, was the husband of Anne, Queen of Great Britain. He was the consort of the British monarch from Anne's accession on 8 March 1702 until his death in 1708.

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28/10/1704

John Locke, English physician and philosopher (born 1632)

John Locke was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism". His important works include A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689), Two Treatises of Government (1689/90), both published anonymously, and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689/90). His writing on toleration contends that religion is a matter for the individual and that the churches are voluntary associations, ruling out religious coercion and uniformity; these lead to the idea of separation of church and state. His Two Treatises on Government argues for government based on the consent of the governed and the right to revolt against tyrannous government which has lost consent. The Two Treatises are believed to have influenced the language that Thomas Jefferson chose in his drafting the July 1776 Declaration of Independence during the American Revolution.

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28/10/1703

John Wallis, English mathematician and cryptographer (born 1616)

John Wallis was an English clergyman and mathematician, who is given partial credit for the development of infinitesimal calculus.

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28/10/1676

Jean Desmarets, French author, poet, and playwright (born 1595)

Jean Desmarets, Sieur de Saint-Sorlin was a French writer and dramatist. He was a founding member, and the first to occupy seat 4 of the Académie française in 1634.

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28/10/1661

Agustín Moreto y Cavana, Spanish priest and playwright (born 1618)

Agustín Moreto y Cavana, was a Spanish Catholic priest and dramatist.

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28/10/1646

William Dobson, English painter (born 1610)

William Dobson was an English painter who specialised in portrait painting. One of the first significant English painters, he was praised by his contemporary John Aubrey as "the most excellent painter that England has yet bred". The art critic Waldemar Januszczak describes him as the first British born painter of genius.

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28/10/1639

Stefano Landi, Italian composer and educator (born 1587)

Stefano Landi was an Italian composer and teacher of the early Baroque Roman School. He was an influential early composer of opera, and wrote the earliest opera on a historical subject: Il Sant'Alessio (1632).

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28/10/1627

Jahangir, Mughal Emperor of India (born 1569)

Nur ud-din Muhammad Salim, known by his royal name Jahangir, was the fourth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from 1605 until his death in 1627.

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28/10/1594

Ōkubo Tadayo, Japanese general (born 1532)

Ōkubo Tadayo was a Japanese samurai and general who served Tokugawa Ieyasu in the Azuchi–Momoyama period. He was daimyo of Odawara Domain from 1590 to 1594.

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28/10/1592

Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Flemish diplomat

Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, sometimes Augier Ghislain de Busbecq, was a 16th-century Flemish writer, herbalist and diplomat in the employ of three generations of Austrian monarchs. He served as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople and in 1581 published a book about his time there, Itinera Constantinopolitanum et Amasianum, re-published in 1595 under the title of Turcicae epistolae or Turkish Letters. His letters also contain the only surviving word list of Crimean Gothic, a Germanic dialect spoken at the time in some isolated regions of Crimea. He is credited with the introduction of tulips into Western Europe and to the origin of their name.

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28/10/1568

Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shōgun (born 1539)

Ashikaga Yoshihide was the 14th shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate, who held nominal power for a few months in 1568 during the Muromachi period of Japan. He became shōgun three years after the death of his cousin, the 13th shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiteru.

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28/10/1468

Bianca Maria Visconti, Duchess of Milan (born 1425)

Bianca Maria Visconti, also known as Bianca Maria Sforza or Blanca Maria, was Duchess of Milan from 1450 to 1468 by marriage to Francesco I Sforza.

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28/10/1412

Margaret I of Denmark (born 1353)

Margaret I was queen regnant of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden from the late 1380s until her death, and the founder of the Kalmar Union that joined the Scandinavian kingdoms together for over a century. She had been queen consort of Norway from 1363 to 1380 and of Sweden from 1363 to 1364 by marriage to Haakon VI. Margaret was known as a wise, energetic and capable leader, who governed with "farsighted tact and caution", earning the nickname "Semiramis of the North". Also known famously and derisively as "King Breechless", one of several derogatory nicknames once thought to have been invented by her rival Albert, King of Sweden, she was also called "Lady King" by her subjects, widely used in recognition of her capabilities. Knut Gjerset calls her "the first great ruling queen in European history".

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28/10/1312

Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Germany (born 1262)

Elisabeth of Carinthia, was a Duchess of Austria from 1282 and Queen of Germany from 1298 until 1308, by marriage to King Albert I of the House of Habsburg.

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28/10/1310

Ecumenical Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople (born 1230)

Athanasius I of Constantinople was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for two terms, from 1289 to 1293 and from 1303 to 1309. He was born in Adrianople and died in Constantinople. Chosen by the emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos as patriarch, he opposed the reunion of the Greek and Roman Churches and introduced an ecclesiastic reform that evoked opposition within the clergy. He resigned in 1293 and was restored in 1303 with popular support. The pro-Union clerical faction forced him into retirement in September 1309.

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28/10/1266

Saint Arsenije I Sremac

Arsenije Sremac was the second Archbishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church (1233–1263) and a disciple of Saint Sava of Serbia.

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28/10/1225

Jien, Japanese monk, historian, and poet (born 1155)

Jien was a Japanese poet, historian, and Buddhist monk.

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28/10/1138

King Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland

Bolesław III Wrymouth, also known as Boleslaus the Wry-mouthed, was the duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole of Poland between 1107 and 1138. He was the only child of Duke Władysław I Herman and his first wife, Judith of Bohemia.

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28/10/0875

Remigius of Lyon, Frankish archbishop

Remigius was archbishop of Lyon.

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28/10/0816

Beggo, count of Toulouse and Paris

Bego was the son of Gerard I of Paris and Rotrude. He was appointed Count of Toulouse, Duke of Septimania, Duke of Aquitaine, and Margrave of the Hispanic March in 806 and followed his brother as Count of Paris in 813.

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28/10/0457

Ibas of Edessa, Syrian bishop

Ibas of Edessa was bishop of Edessa and was born in Syria. His name is the Syriac equivalent of "Donatus". He is frequently associated with the growth of Nestorianism, although this assertion is contentious and has been opposed.

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28/10/0312

Maxentius, Roman emperor (born 278)

Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius was a Roman emperor from 306 until his death in 312. Despite ruling in Italy and North Africa, and having the recognition of the Senate in Rome, he was not recognized as a legitimate emperor by his fellow emperors.

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