Died on Sunday, 21st September – Famous Deaths

21/09/2024

Raquel Blandón, Guatemalan lawyer and activist, First Lady of Guatemala (born 1943)

Haydee Raquel Blandón Sandoval was a Guatemalan lawyer, activist, and political leader who served as the first lady of Guatemala from 1986 to 1991, as the wife of President Vinicio Cerezo. She was the nominee for the Renewed Democratic Liberty party for vice president of Guatemala in the 2011 election as Manuel Baldizón's running mate.

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Benny Golson, American saxophonist and composer (born 1929)

Benny Golson was an American bebop and hard bop jazz tenor saxophonist, composer, and arranger. He came to prominence with the big bands of Lionel Hampton and Dizzy Gillespie, more as a writer than a performer, before launching his solo career. Golson was known for co-founding and co-leading The Jazztet with trumpeter Art Farmer in 1959. From the late 1960s through the 1970s Golson was in demand as an arranger for film and television and thus was less active as a performer, but he and Farmer re-formed the Jazztet in 1982.

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Eddie Low, New Zealand country singer and musician (born 1943)

Edward Robert Low was a New Zealand country singer and musician, with a career spanning over 60 years. Low released a number of successful country albums and singles throughout the 1970s and 80s and performed in a number of groups since the 1960s including The Quin Tikis and the New Zealand Highwaymen. Low continued to record and release music throughout his life, enjoying a second wave of success in the 2010s after releasing his career overview album The Voice In A Million (2011) which went platinum. He was awarded Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to music in the 2006 Queen's Birthday Honours.

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Mercury Morris, American football player (born 1947)

Eugene Edward "Mercury" Morris was an American professional football player who was a running back and kick returner. He played for eight years, primarily for the Miami Dolphins in the American Football League (AFL) first as a rookie in 1969. Then he played in the American Football Conference (AFC) after the 1970 merger with the National Football League (NFL).

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21/09/2023

Walewska Oliveira, Brazilian volleyball player and Olympic champion (born 1979)

Walewska Moreira de Oliveira was a Brazilian volleyball player in three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She won a bronze medal with the women's national team in Sydney, Australia, and a gold medal in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. Walewska also claimed the gold medal at the 1999 Pan American Games.

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21/09/2022

Raju Srivastav, Indian comedian, actor and politician (born 1963)

Satya Prakash Srivastav, known professionally as Raju Srivastav and often credited as Gajodhar, was an Indian comedian, actor and politician. He was born in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, and moved to Mumbai in the 1980s to work in the Hindi film industry. He acted in Baazigar, Bombay to Goa, Aamdani Atthanni Kharcha Rupaiya among others. He contested in the comedy show The Great Indian Laughter Challenge and became the runner-up. He won the title of "The King of Comedy" in its spin-off show The Great Indian Laughter Challenge – Champions. He did many stand-up comedy live shows.

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21/09/2021

Willie Garson, American actor (born 1964)

William Garson Paszamant was an American actor. He appeared in over 75 films and more than 300 TV episodes. He was known for playing Stanford Blatch on the series Sex and the City, in the related films Sex and the City and Sex and the City 2 and in the spin-off And Just Like That..., Mozzie in the series White Collar from 2009 to 2014, Ralph in the 2005 romantic comedy Little Manhattan, Gerard Hirsch in the reboot of Hawaii Five-0, and Martin Lloyd in the sci-fi series Stargate SG-1.

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21/09/2020

Arthur Ashkin, American scientist and Nobel laureate (born 1922)

Arthur Ashkin was an American scientist and Nobel laureate who worked at Bell Labs. Ashkin has been considered by many as the father of optical tweezers, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 at age 96, becoming the oldest Nobel laureate until 2019 when John B. Goodenough was awarded at 97. He resided in Rumson, New Jersey.

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21/09/2018

Trần Đại Quang, President of Vietnam (born 1956)

Trần Đại Quang was a Vietnamese politician and former police general who served as the ninth president of Vietnam from 2016 until his death in 2018. After serving for five years as the Minister of Public Security from 2011 to 2016, Quang was nominated by his predecessor Trương Tấn Sang to the presidency and was elected to the post by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 2 April 2016. He was one of the country's top leaders and ranked second in the Politburo behind Nguyễn Phú Trọng, the General Secretary of the Communist Party.

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Vitaliy Masol, Ukrainian Former Prime Minister (born 1928)

Vitaliy Andriyovych Masol was a Soviet-Ukrainian politician who served as leader of the Ukrainian government on two occasions. He held various posts in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, most notably the Head of the Council of Ministers, which is the equivalent of today's Prime Minister, from 1987 until late 1990, when he was forced to resign. He was later Prime Minister of Ukraine, confirmed in that post on 16 June 1994. He resigned from that post on 1 March 1995.

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21/09/2015

Yoram Gross, Polish-Australian director and producer (born 1926)

Yoram Jerzy Gross was a Polish-Australian filmmaker. He founded the animation studio Flying Bark Productions.

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Ray Warleigh, Australian-English saxophonist and flute player (born 1938)

Raymond Kenneth Warleigh was an Australian alto saxophonist and flautist.

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Richard Williamson, American footballer and coach (born 1941)

Richard Williamson was an American football player and coach. He was the head football coach at Memphis State University—now known as the University of Memphis—from 1975 to 1980. Williamson served as the head coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1990 to 1991.

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21/09/2014

Michael Harari, Israeli intelligence officer (born 1927)

Michael Harari was an Israeli intelligence officer in the Mossad. He was notably involved in the Lillehammer affair, an attempted revenge killing following the Munich massacre that instead resulted in the murder of an innocent individual in a case of mistaken identity. He was later involved in Operation Entebbe.

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Caldwell Jones, American basketball player and coach (born 1950)

Caldwell "Pops" Jones Jr. was an American professional basketball player.

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Sheldon Patinkin, American director and playwright (born 1935)

Sheldon Arthur Patinkin was a chair of the Theater Department of Columbia College Chicago, artistic director of the Getz Theater of Columbia College, Artistic Consultant of The Second City and of Steppenwolf Theatre and co-director of the Steppenwolf Theatre Summer Ensemble Workshops.

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21/09/2013

Kofi Awoonor, Ghanaian author, poet, and diplomat (born 1935)

Kofi Awoonor was a Ghanaian poet, author and diplomat. His work combined the poetic traditions of his native Ewe people with contemporary and religious symbolism to depict Africa during decolonization. He started writing under the name George Awoonor-Williams, and was also published as Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor. He taught African literature at the University of Ghana. Professor Awoonor was among those who were killed in the September 2013 attack at Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya, where he was a participant at the Storymoja Hay Festival.

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Michel Brault, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1928)

Michel Brault, OQ was a Canadian cinematographer, cameraman, film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He was a leading figure of direct cinema, characteristic of the French branch of the National Film Board of Canada in the 1960s. Brault was a pioneer of the hand-held camera aesthetic.

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Harl H. Haas, Jr., American lawyer, jurist, and politician (born 1932)

Harl H. Haas Jr. was an American politician and jurist in Oregon. A native of Missouri, he served in both chambers of the Oregon Legislative Assembly as a Democrat before serving as a district attorney and Oregon Circuit Courts judge.

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Walter Wallmann, German lawyer and politician, Minister-President of Hesse (born 1932)

Walter Wallmann was a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as the Mayor of Frankfurt between 1977 and 1986, and as Minister-president of Hesse from 1987 to 1991.

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Ko Wierenga, Dutch lawyer and politician (born 1933)

Heiko "Ko" Wierenga was a Dutch politician and member of the Labour Party (PvdA). He served as the Mayor of the municipality of Enschede from September 1977 until April 1994. Under Wierenga, artwork by Joop Hekman, called Het ei van Ko, was installed near Enschede's town hall in 1984.

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21/09/2012

José Curbelo, Cuban-American pianist and manager (born 1917)

José Curbelo was a Cuban-born American pianist and manager. Curbelo was a key figure in Latin jazz in New York City in the 1940s and helped to popularize Mambo and the cha cha dance in the 1950s.

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Yehuda Elkana, Israeli historian and philosopher (born 1934)

Yehuda Elkana was a historian and philosopher of science, and a former President and Rector of the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary.

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Sven Hassel, Danish-German soldier and author (born 1917)

Sven Hassel was the pen name of the Danish-born Børge Willy Redsted Pedersen known for his bestselling novels about German soldiers fighting in World War II. In Denmark he used the pen name Sven Hazel. He is one of the bestselling Danish authors, possibly second only to Hans Christian Andersen.

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Bill King, English commander, sailor, and author (born 1910)

Commander William Donald Aelian King, DSO & Bar, DSC was a British naval officer, yachtsman and author. He was the oldest participant in the first solo non-stop, around-the-world yacht race, the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, and the only person to command a British submarine on both the first and last days of World War II.

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Tom Umphlett, American baseball player and manager (born 1930)

Thomas Mullen Umphlett was an American center and right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1953 to 1955 with the Boston Red Sox and Washington Senators. His 21-year professional baseball career as a player and manager lasted from 1950 through 1970. He batted and threw right-handed and was listed as 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and 180 pounds (82 kg).

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21/09/2011

Jun Henmi, Japanese author and poet (born 1939)

Mayumi Shimizu , known by her pen name Jun Henmi , was a Japanese writer and poet. She was known for her works of fiction and nonfiction about people affected by World War II.

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21/09/2009

Robert Ginty, American actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1948)

Robert Winthrop Ginty was an American actor, producer, screenwriter, and director. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Ginty took interest in the arts at a young age and went on to study acting at Yale University. Ginty worked in theatre until he moved to Hollywood in the mid-1970s. He started to play supporting roles on television and films, most notably a recurring role on the series The Paper Chase and two Hal Ashby films: Bound for Glory (1976) and Coming Home (1978). Ginty became an action film lead with his breakthrough role in James Glickenhaus's vigilante film The Exterminator (1980), which became a box-office success.

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21/09/2007

Hallgeir Brenden, Norwegian skier (born 1929)

Hallgeir Brenden was a Norwegian cross-country skier and steeplechase runner.

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Alice Ghostley, American actress (born 1923)

Alice Margaret Ghostley was an American actress and singer on stage, film and television. Ghostley was best known for her roles as bumbling witch Esmeralda (1969–72) on Bewitched, as Cousin Alice (1970–71) on Mayberry R.F.D., and as Bernice Clifton (1986–93) on Designing Women.

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21/09/2006

Tasos Athanasiadis, Greek author (born 1913)

Anastasios (Tasos) Athanasiadis son of Michael was a writer and gownsman.

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21/09/2002

Robert L. Forward, American physicist and science fiction author (born 1932)

Robert Lull Forward was an American physicist and science fiction writer. His literary work was noted for its scientific credibility and use of ideas developed from his career as an aerospace engineer. He also made important contributions to gravitational wave detection research.

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21/09/2000

Jacques Flynn, Canadian lawyer and politician, 35th Canadian Minister of Justice (born 1915)

Jacques Flynn was a Canadian lawyer and federal politician, serving in both the House of Commons and Senate.

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Leonid Rogozov, Russian physician and surgeon (born 1934)

Leonid Ivanovich Rogozov was a Russian general practitioner and surgeon who took part in the Sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition at Novolazarevskaya Station from September 1960 to October 1962. He is best known for performing a surgery to remove his own appendix—an auto-appendectomy—after he began suffering from appendicitis while deployed there in April 1961. The incident, which occurred because Rogozov was the only medical professional among his entire team, prompted the Soviet government to reform the safety policies for all personnel at the country's Antarctic research facilities.

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21/09/1998

Florence Griffith Joyner, American sprinter (born 1959)

Florence Delorez Griffith Joyner, also known as Flo-Jo, was an American track and field athlete and the fastest woman ever recorded, setting world records in the 100m and 200m in 1988. She was married to Al Joyner, a 1984 Olympic gold medalist in the triple jump. He was also her coach and husband during her success as a four-time Olympic medalist. During the late 1980s, she became a popular figure due to both her record-setting athleticism and eclectic personal style.

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21/09/1995

Rudy Perpich, American dentist and politician, 34th Governor of Minnesota (born 1928)

Rudolph George Perpich Sr. was an American politician who served as the 34th and 36th governor of Minnesota from 1976 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1991. A member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. To date, he is the only governor elected to serve non-consecutive terms in the history of Minnesota.

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21/09/1992

Tarachand Barjatya, Indian film producer, founded Rajshri Productions (born 1914)

Tarachand Barjatya was an Indian film producer. He has produced many Hindi films from the 1960s through to the 1980s. He founded Rajshri Productions which continues to produce films even today. His mainstay was family-oriented films based on family values.

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21/09/1991

Gordon Bashford, English engineer (born 1916)

Gordon Dennis Bashford was a British car design engineer. Bashford played a significant part in the design of most post-war Rover cars, including the Land Rover.

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21/09/1990

Takis Kanellopoulos, Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1933)

Takis Kanellopoulos was a Greek film director and screenwriter. He directed ten films between 1960 and 1980.

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21/09/1989

Rajini Thiranagama, Sri Lankan physician and academic (born 1954)

Rajani Thiranagama was a Sri Lankan Tamil human rights activist and feminist who was assassinated by the LTTE cadres after she had criticised them for their atrocities. At the time of her assassination, she was the head of the Department of Anatomy at the University of Jaffna and an active member and one of the founders of University Teachers for Human Rights, Jaffna.

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21/09/1987

Jaco Pastorius, American bass player, composer, and producer (born 1951)

John Francis Anthony Pastorius III, also known as Jaco Pastorius, was an American jazz bassist, composer, and producer. Widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential bassists of all time, Pastorius recorded albums as a solo artist, band leader, and as a member of the jazz fusion group Weather Report from 1976 to 1981. He also collaborated with numerous artists, including Herbie Hancock, Pat Metheny and Joni Mitchell.

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21/09/1985

Gu Long, Chinese author and screenwriter (born 1937)

Xiong Yaohua, better known by his pen name Gu Long, was a Taiwanese novelist, screenwriter, film producer and director. Born in Hong Kong and educated at Cheng Kung Senior High School and Tamkang University in Taiwan, he is best known for writing wuxia novels, among which his best known works are Juedai Shuangjiao, the Xiaoli Feidao Series, the Chu Liuxiang Series, the Lu Xiaofeng Series, and The Eleventh Son. Some of them have been adapted into films and television series. In the 1980s, he started his own film studio to produce film adaptations of his works.

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21/09/1983

Birgit Tengroth, Swedish actor (born 1915)

Birgit Tengroth was a Swedish film actress. She appeared in more than 40 films between 1926 and 1950. She was married briefly to Danish politician Jens Otto Krag in 1950.

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Xavier Zubiri, Basque philosopher (born 1898)

Xavier Zubiri was a Spanish philosopher.

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21/09/1982

Ivan Bagramyan, Russian general (born 1897)

Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, born Hovhannes Baghramyan, was a Soviet military commander of Armenian origin who held the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. As commander of the 1st Baltic Front, he orchestrated the offensives which pushed German forces out of the Baltic countries on the Eastern Front of World War II.

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21/09/1976

Benjamin Graham, British-American economist, professor, and investor (born 1894)

Benjamin Graham was an English-American financial analyst, economist, accountant, investor and professor. He is widely known as the "father of value investing", and wrote two of the discipline's founding texts: Security Analysis (1934) with David Dodd, and The Intelligent Investor (1949). His investment philosophy stressed independent thinking, emotional detachment, and careful security analysis, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing the price of a stock from the value of its underlying business.

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Orlando Letelier, Chilean economist and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Chile (born 1932)

Marcos Orlando Letelier del Solar was a Chilean Marxist and diplomat during the presidency of Salvador Allende. A member of the Socialist Party of Chile, he fled from the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet, Letelier accepted several academic positions in Washington D.C. after his exile from Chile. In 1976, agents of Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), the Pinochet regime's secret police, killed him in Washington by a car bomb. The agents had been working in collaboration with members of the Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations, an anti-Castro militant group.

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21/09/1975

Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu, Turkish painter and poet (born 1911)

Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu was a Turkish painter, mosaic-maker, muralist, writer and poet. His art work was inspired by Anatolian village scenes and folk literature, and included traditional handicraft folk patterns.

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21/09/1974

Walter Brennan, American actor (born 1894)

Walter Andrew Brennan was an American actor and singer. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Come and Get It (1936), Kentucky (1938) and The Westerner (1940), making him the only male or female actor to win three awards in the supporting actor category. Brennan was also nominated for his performance in Sergeant York (1941). Other noteworthy performances were in To Have and Have Not (1944), My Darling Clementine (1946), Red River (1948) and Rio Bravo (1959). On television, he starred in the sitcom The Real McCoys (1957–1963).

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Jacqueline Susann, American author and actress (born 1918)

Jacqueline Susann was an American novelist and actress. Her novel Valley of the Dolls (1966) is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, The Love Machine (1969) and Once Is Not Enough (1973), Susann became the first author to have three novels top The New York Times Best Seller list consecutively.

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21/09/1972

Henry de Montherlant, French essayist, novelist, and dramatist (born 1896)

Henry Marie Joseph Frédéric Expedite Millon de Montherlant was a French essayist, novelist, and dramatist. He was elected to the Académie française in 1960.

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21/09/1971

Bernardo Houssay, Argentinian physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1887)

Bernardo Alberto Houssay was an Argentine physiologist. Houssay was a co-recipient of the 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of glucose in animals, sharing the prize with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori. He is the first Latin American Nobel laureate in the sciences.

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21/09/1966

Paul Reynaud, French lawyer and politician, 118th Prime Minister of France (born 1878)

Paul Reynaud was a French politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his economic liberalism and vocal opposition to Nazi Germany.

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21/09/1964

Josef Müller, Croatian entomologist (born 1880)

Josef Müller, also known as Giuseppe Müller, was a Croatian entomologist.

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21/09/1963

Paulino Masip, Spanish author, playwright, and screenwriter (born 1899)

Paulino Masip Roca was a Spanish playwright, screenwriter and novelist. Driven into exile in Mexico in 1939 by the events of the Spanish Civil War, he became involved with the nascent Golden age of Mexican cinema and was the author of over 50 screenplays. Masip is best known for his novel ¨El Diario de Hamlet Garcia¨ which takes place during the Spanish Civil War.

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21/09/1962

Bo Carter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1892)

Armenter Chatmon, known as Bo Carter, was an early American blues musician. He was a member of the Mississippi Sheiks in concerts and on a few of their recordings. He also managed that group, which included his brothers Lonnie Chatmon on fiddle and, occasionally, Sam Chatmon on bass, and their friend Walter Vinson on guitar and lead vocals.

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21/09/1958

Peter Whitehead, English racing driver (born 1914)

Peter Nield Whitehead was a British racing driver. He was born in Menston, Yorkshire and was killed in an accident at Lasalle, France, during the Tour de France endurance race. A cultured, knowledgeable and well-travelled racer, he was excellent in sports cars. He won the 1938 Australian Grand Prix, which along with a 24 Heures du Mans win in 1951, probably was his finest achievement, but he also won two 12 Heures internationales de Reims events. He was a regular entrant, mostly for Peter Walker and Graham Whitehead, his half-brother. His death in 1958 ended a career that started in 1935 – however, he was lucky to survive an air crash in 1948.

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21/09/1957

Haakon VII of Norway (born 1872)

Haakon VII was King of Norway from 1905 until his death in 1957, having reigned for nearly 52 years.

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21/09/1956

Bill Struth, Scottish footballer and manager (born 1875)

William Struth was a Scottish football manager. He was the second manager of Rangers Football Club, leading the club for 34 years between 1920 and 1954, as well as being the holder of a number of other positions, including director. Struth is one of the most successful managers in Scottish and British football history, winning 30 major trophies in his career; a record 18 Scottish league championships, 10 Scottish Cups and two Scottish League Cups.

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21/09/1954

Mikimoto Kōkichi, Japanese businessman (born 1858)

Kokichi Mikimoto was a Japanese entrepreneur who is credited with creating the first cultured pearl and subsequently starting the cultured pearl industry with the establishment of his luxury pearl company Mikimoto.

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21/09/1953

Necmettin Sadak, Turkish publisher and politician, 10th Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1890)

Sadık Necmettin Sadak was a Turkish politician, former minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey and former chairman of the Turkish sports club Galatasaray.

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21/09/1947

Harry Carey, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1878)

Henry DeWitt Carey II was an American actor and one of silent film's earliest superstars, usually cast as a Western hero. One of his best-known performances is as the president of the United States Senate in the drama film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was the father of Harry Carey Jr., who was also a prominent actor.

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21/09/1944

Alexander Koshetz, Ukrainian choral conductor, arranger, composer (born 1875)

Alexander Antonovich Koshetz was a Ukrainian choral conductor, arranger, composer, ethnographer, writer, musicologist, and lecturer. He helped popularize Ukrainian music around the world. His name is sometimes transliterated as Oleksandr Antonovych Koshyts.

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Artur Phleps, Romanian general (born 1881)

Artur Gustav Martin Phleps was an Austro-Hungarian, Romanian and Nazi German army officer who held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS in the Waffen-SS during World War II. An Austro-Hungarian Army officer before and during World War I, Phleps specialised in mountain warfare and logistics, and had been promoted to Oberstleutnant by the end of the war. During the interwar period he joined the Romanian Army, reaching the rank of General de divizie, and also became an adviser to King Carol. After he spoke out against the government, he was sidelined and asked to be dismissed from the army.

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21/09/1942

John Symes, English cricketer (born 1879)

John Symes was a member of the gold medal–winning Great Britain Olympic cricket team at the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris, France.

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21/09/1939

Armand Călinescu, Romanian economist and politician, 39th Prime Minister of Romania (born 1893)

Armand Călinescu was a Romanian economist and politician, who served as 39th Prime Minister from March 1939 until his assassination six months later. He was a staunch opponent of the fascist Iron Guard and may have been the real power behind the throne during the dictatorship of King Carol II. He survived several assassination attempts but was finally killed by members of the Iron Guard with German assistance.

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21/09/1938

Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, Croatian author and poet (born 1874)

Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, also spelled Ivana Berlic-Mazuranic in English, was a Croatian writer. She has been praised as the best Croatian writer for children.

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21/09/1937

Osgood Perkins (actor, born 1892), American actor (born 1892)

James Ridley Osgood Perkins was an American actor.

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21/09/1933

Kenji Miyazawa, Japanese author and poet (born 1896)

Kenji Miyazawa was a Japanese novelist, poet, and children's literature writer from Hanamaki, Iwate, in the late Taishō and early Shōwa periods. He was also known as an agricultural science teacher, vegetarian, cellist, devout Buddhist, and utopian social activist.

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21/09/1926

Léon Charles Thévenin, French engineer (born 1857)

Léon Charles Thévenin was a French telegraph engineer who extended Ohm's law to the analysis of complex electrical circuits.

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21/09/1906

Samuel Arnold, American conspirator (born 1838)

Samuel Bland Arnold was an American Confederate sympathizer involved in a plot to kidnap U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. He had joined the Confederate Army shortly after the start of the Civil War but was discharged for health reasons in 1864.

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21/09/1905

Nikolay Benardos, Ukrainian inventor (born 1842)

Nikolay Nikolayevich Benardos was a Russian inventor of Greek descent who in 1881 introduced carbon arc welding, which was the first practical arc welding method.

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21/09/1904

Chief Joseph, American tribal leader (born 1840)

Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt, popularly known as Chief Joseph, Young Joseph, or Joseph the Younger, was a leader of the wal-lam-wat-kain (Wallowa) band of Nez Perce, a Native American tribe of the interior Pacific Northwest region of the United States, in the latter half of the 19th century. He succeeded his father Tuekakas in the early 1870s.

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21/09/1880

Manuel Montt, Chilean scholar and politician, 6th President of Chile (born 1809)

Manuel Francisco Antonio Julián Montt Torres was a Chilean statesman and scholar who was twice elected President of Chile between 1851 and 1861. He was the first civilian to serve a full term as President of Chile.

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21/09/1874

Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont, French geologist and engineer (born 1798)

Jean-Baptiste Armand Louis Léonce Élie de Beaumont was a French geologist. Among his ideas was that mountains were created in a series of episodes over geological time due to the cooling and shrinking of the earth. He also suggested that there was a pattern in the orientation of the mountain systems of the world which followed a system of five circles meeting at points on the earth that marked the points of a polyhedron.

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21/09/1860

Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher and author (born 1788)

Arthur Schopenhauer was a German philosopher and writer. He is known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation, which characterizes the phenomenal world as the manifestation of a blind and irrational noumenal will. Building on the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant, Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that rejected the contemporaneous ideas of German idealism.

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21/09/1832

Walter Scott, Scottish novelist, playwright, and poet (born 1771)

Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet, was a Scottish novelist, poet and historian. Many of his works remain classics of European and Scottish literature. He is known for his Waverley novels (1814–1831), which were, for nearly a century, among the most popular and widely read novels in Europe. He is also known for his narrative poems Marmion (1808) and The Lady of the Lake (1810). He greatly influenced European and American literature.

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21/09/1812

Emanuel Schikaneder, German actor and playwright (born 1751)

Emanuel Schikaneder was a German impresario, dramatist, actor, singer, and composer. He wrote the libretto of Mozart's opera Die Zauberflöte and was the builder of the Theater an der Wien. Peter Branscombe called him "one of the most talented theatre men of his era".

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21/09/1798

George Read, American lawyer and politician, 3rd Governor of Delaware (born 1733)

George Read was an American politician from New Castle in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a Continental Congressman from Delaware, a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, president of Delaware, and a member of the Federalist Party. In addition, Read served as U.S. Senator from Delaware and chief justice of Delaware.

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21/09/1796

François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (born 1769)

François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers was a French general of the Revolutionary Wars.

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21/09/1748

John Balguy, English philosopher and author (born 1686)

John Balguy was an English divine and philosopher.

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21/09/1743

Jai Singh II, Indian king (born 1688)

Sawai Jai Singh II, was the 30th Kachwaha Rajput ruler of the Kingdom of Amber, who later founded the fortified city of Jaipur and made it his capital. He became the ruler of Amber at the age of 11, after the untimely death of his father Mirza Raja Bishan Singh on 31 December 1699.

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21/09/1719

Johann Heinrich Acker, German historian and academic (born 1647)

Johann Heinrich Acker was a German writer. He sometimes wrote under the name of Melissander.

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21/09/1709

Ivan Mazepa, Ukrainian statesman, Hetman of Zaporizhian Host (born 1639)

Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa was a Ukrainian military, political, and civic leader who served as hetman of the Cossack Hetmanate in 1687–1709. His long and stable rule was marked by economical and political recovery from the Ruin. A loyal subject of Russia during most of his rule, Mazepa's close relationship with Tsar Peter I deteriorated as a result of the latter's administrative reforms, which increasingly deprived Mazepa and the Hetmanate of their autonomy. In 1708, Mazepa abandoned his alliance with Peter I and sided with Charles XII of Sweden after the Tsar refused to protect the Hetmanate against the advancing Swedes, instead ordering that much of Ukraine be burned to prevent the Swedes from gaining access to supplies and winter quarters.

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21/09/1643

Emperor Hong Taiji of China (born 1592)

Hong Taiji, sometimes rendered as Huang Taiji and occasionally referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty. He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. He conquered Inner Mongolia and the remainder of Manchuria and invaded Korea, which became a Qing tributary state. He was also responsible for changing the name of the Jurchens to "Manchu" in 1635, and changing the name of his dynasty from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636.

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21/09/1637

William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (born 1602)

William V, a member of the House of Hesse, was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1627 to 1637. Having come to rule in unfavorable circumstances and in the midst of the Thirty Years' War, he continued to suffer losses of territory and wealth.

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21/09/1629

Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (born 1587)

Jan Pieterszoon Coen was a Dutch naval officer of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the early 17th century, serving two terms as governor-general of the Dutch East Indies. He was the founder of Batavia, capital of the Dutch East Indies. Renowned for providing the impulse that set the VOC on the path to dominance in the Dutch East Indies, he was long considered a national hero in the Netherlands. Since the 19th century, his legacy has become controversial due to the brutal violence he employed in order to secure a trade monopoly on nutmeg, mace and cloves. He led the final Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands in 1621, which culminated in the Banda massacre, which saw 2,800 Bandanese killed and 1,700 enslaved by the Dutch. This is regarded as an act of genocide and earned him the nickname of 'Butcher of Banda'.

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21/09/1586

Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle, French cardinal and diplomat (born 1517)

Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle, Comte de La Baume Saint Amour, typically known as Cardinal Granvelle in English, was a Burgundian statesman, made a cardinal, who followed his father as a leading minister of the Spanish Habsburgs. Granvelle was one of the most influential European politicians during the time which immediately followed the appearance of Protestantism in Europe; "the dominating Imperial statesman of the whole century". He was also a notable art collector, the "greatest private collector of his time, the friend and patron of Titian and Leoni and many other artists".

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21/09/1576

Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician, physician, and astrologer (born 1501)

Gerolamo Cardano was an Italian polymath whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, music theorist, writer, and gambler. He became one of the most influential mathematicians of the Renaissance and one of the key figures in the foundation of probability; he introduced the binomial coefficients and the binomial theorem in the Western world. He wrote more than 200 works on science.

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21/09/1558

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1500)

Charles V was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, King of Sicily and Naples from 1516 to 1554, and also Lord of the Netherlands and titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg. His dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Germany to northern Italy with rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and Burgundian Low Countries, and Spain with its possessions of the southern Italian kingdoms of Sicily, Naples, and Sardinia. In the Americas, he oversaw the continuation of Spanish colonization and a short-lived German colonization. The personal union of the European and American territories he ruled was the first collection of realms labelled "the empire on which the sun never sets".

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21/09/1397

Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, English admiral (born 1346)

Richard Fitzalan, 4th Earl of Arundel, 9th Earl of Surrey was an English medieval nobleman and military commander.

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21/09/1327

Edward II of England (born 1284)

Edward II, also known as Edward of Caernarfon or Caernarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir to the throne following the death of his older brother Alphonso. Beginning in 1300, Edward accompanied his father on campaigns in Scotland, and in 1306 he was knighted in a grand ceremony at Westminster Abbey. Edward succeeded to the throne the next year, following his father's death. In 1308, he married Isabella, daughter of the powerful King Philip IV of France, as part of a long-running effort to resolve the tensions between the English and French crowns.

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21/09/1256

William of Kilkenny, Lord Chancellor of England

William of Kilkenny was a Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Ely.

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21/09/1235

Andrew II of Hungary (born 1175)

Andrew II, also known as Andrew of Jerusalem, was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1205 and 1235. He ruled the Principality of Halych from 1188 until 1189/1190, and again between 1208/1209 and 1210. He was the younger son of Béla III of Hungary, who entrusted him with the administration of the newly conquered Principality of Halych in 1188. Andrew's rule was unpopular, and the boyars expelled him. Béla III willed property and money to Andrew, obliging him to lead a crusade to the Holy Land. Instead, Andrew forced his elder brother, Emeric, King of Hungary, to cede Croatia and Dalmatia as an appanage to him in 1197. The following year, Andrew occupied Hum.

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21/09/1217

Lembitu, Estonian king and military leader

Lembitu was an ancient Estonian senior (elder) from Sakala County and military leader in the struggle against conquest of the Estonian lands by the German Livonian Brothers of the Sword at the beginning of the 13th century. He is the only Estonian pre-Crusade ruler, about whom some biographical information is known.

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Caupo of Turaida

Caupo of Turaida, Kaupo or Kaupo Lieven, sometimes Kubbe was a leader of the Finnic-speaking Livonian people in the beginning of the 13th century, in what are now parts of Latvia and Estonia by the Gulf of Riga. He is sometimes called a 'King of Livonia'; the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia refers to him as quasi rex, 'like a king'.

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21/09/1026

Otto-William, Count of Burgundy

Otto-William was count of Mâcon, Nevers, and Burgundy.

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21/09/0687

Pope Conon (born 630)

Pope Conon was the bishop of Rome from 21 October 686 to his death on 21 September 687. He had been put forward as a compromise candidate, there being a conflict between the two factions resident in Rome — the military and the clerical. He consecrated the Irish missionary St Kilian and commissioned him to preach in Franconia.

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21/09/0454

Flavius Aetius, Roman general and politician (born 396)

Flavius Aetius was a Roman general and statesman of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire. He was a military commander and the most influential man in the Empire for two decades (433–454). He managed policy in regard to the attacks of barbarian federates settled throughout the West. Notably, he mustered a large Roman and allied (foederati) army in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, ending an invasion of Gaul by Attila in 451, though the Hun and his subjugated allies still managed to invade Italy the following year, an incursion best remembered for the Sack of Aquileia and the intercession of Pope Leo I. In 454, he was assassinated by the emperor Valentinian III.

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01/01/1970

Virgil, Roman poet (born 70 BC)

Publius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. Some minor poems, collected in the Appendix Vergiliana, were attributed to him in ancient times, but modern scholars regard these as spurious, with the possible exception of some short pieces.

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