Died on Tuesday, 9th September – Famous Deaths

09/09/2025

Mark Norell, American vertebrate paleontologist (born 1957).

Mark Allen Norell was an American vertebrate paleontologist. He was the chairman of paleontology and a research associate at the American Museum of Natural History up until his death in 2025. He is best known as the discoverer of the first theropod embryo and for the description of feathered dinosaurs. Norell is credited with the naming of the genera Apsaravis, Byronosaurus, Citipati, Tsaagan, and Achillobator. His work regularly appeared in major scientific journals and was listed by Time magazine as one of the ten most significant science stories of 1993, 1994 and 1996. Norell was both a fellow of the Explorer's Club and the Willi Hennig Society. He has appeared in several science documentaries, including The Dinosaurs, "Dinosaurs of the Gobi" on the PBS series Nova, and Miracle Planet.

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09/09/2024

John Cassaday, American comic book artist and writer (born 1971)

Johnny Mac Cassaday was an American comic book artist, writer, and television director. He was best known for his work on the critically acclaimed Planetary with writer Warren Ellis, where his art style conveyed a sense of realism despite that book's fantastical settings. His later works included Astonishing X-Men with Joss Whedon, Captain America with John Ney Rieber, and Star Wars with Jason Aaron.

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James Earl Jones, American actor (born 1931)

James Earl Jones was an American actor. A pioneer for black actors in the entertainment industry, he was acclaimed for his performances on stage and screen. Jones is one of the few performers to achieve the EGOT. He was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1985, and was honored with the National Medal of Arts in 1992, the Kennedy Center Honor in 2002, the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 2009, and the Academy Honorary Award in 2011.

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Caterina Valente, Italian-French singer and dancer (born 1931)

Caterina Germaine Maria Valente was an Italian-French multilingual singer, guitarist, and dancer. She spoke six languages and sang in thirteen. While she was best known as a performer in Europe, Valente spent part of her career in the United States, where she performed alongside Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Perry Como, and Ella Fitzgerald, among others.

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09/09/2015

Annemarie Bostroem, German poet, playwright, and songwriter (born 1922)

Annemarie Bostroem was a German poet, playwright, and lyricist. She lived most recently in the Prenzlauer Berg neighborhood of Berlin.

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Einar H. Ingman Jr., American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1929)

Einar Harold Ingman Jr. was a United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Third Battle of Wonju in the Korean War.

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K. Kunaratnam, Sri Lankan physicist and academic (born 1934)

Kanthia Kunaratnam was a Sri Lankan Tamil physicist, academic and former vice-chancellor of the University of Jaffna.

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09/09/2014

Montserrat Abelló i Soler, Spanish poet and translator (born 1918)

Montserrat Abelló i Soler was a Catalan poet and translator. During the Spanish Civil War, she lived in exile in France, England and Chile.

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Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (born 1930)

Firoza Begum was a Bangladeshi Nazrul Geeti singer. She was awarded the Independence Day Award in 1979 by the government of Bangladesh.

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Graham Joyce, English author and educator (born 1954)

Graham William Joyce was a British writer of speculative fiction and the recipient of numerous awards, including the O. Henry Award, the World Fantasy Award, and six times the British Fantasy Award for both his novels and short stories.

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09/09/2013

Sunila Abeysekera, Sri Lankan scholar and activist (born 1952)

Sunila Abeysekera was a Sri Lankan human rights campaigner. She worked on women's rights in Sri Lanka and in the South Asia region for decades as an activist and scholar. Quitting a career as a singer, Abeysekera briefly joined the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna and then founded the Women and Media Collective in 1984. As head of the INFORM Human Rights Documentation Centre, she monitored human rights violations by all parties in the civil war. She received the United Nations Human Rights Award in 1999 and the Didi Nirmala Deshpande South Asian Peace and Justice Award in 2013.

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Alberto Bevilacqua, Italian director and screenwriter (born 1934)

Alberto Bevilacqua was an Italian writer and filmmaker. Leonardo Sciascia, an Italian writer and politician, who read Bevilacqua's first collection of stories, The Dust on the Grass (1955), was impressed and published it. Mario Colombi Guidotti, responsible for the literary supplement of the Journal of Parma, began to publish his stories in the early 1950s.

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Saul Landau, American journalist, director, and author (born 1936)

Saul Landau was an American journalist, filmmaker and commentator. He was also a professor emeritus at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, where he taught history and digital media.

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09/09/2012

Verghese Kurien, Indian engineer and businessman, founded Amul (born 1921)

Verghese Kurien was an Indian dairy engineer and social entrepreneur. He led initiatives that contributed to the extensive increase in milk production in India termed as the White Revolution.

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John McCarthy, Australian footballer (born 1989)

John Shane McCarthy was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

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Mike Scarry, American football player and coach (born 1920)

Michael Joseph "Mo" Scarry was an American football player and coach. He grew up in Pennsylvania, and played football in college at Waynesburg College in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania and went on to join the Cleveland Rams in the National Football League (NFL) as a center following a stint in the United States Army during World War II. The Rams moved to Los Angeles after winning the 1945 NFL championship, and Scarry elected to stay in Cleveland and play for the Cleveland Browns under coach Paul Brown in the new All-America Football Conference (AAFC). The Browns won the AAFC championship in 1946 and 1947 while Scarry was on the team.

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Ron Tindall, English footballer and manager (born 1935)

Ronald Albert Ernest Tindall was an English footballer who played as a striker. He was also an accomplished cricketer, playing for Surrey.

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09/09/2006

Gérard Brach, French director and screenwriter (born 1927)

Gérard Brach was a French screenwriter best known for his collaborations with the film directors Roman Polanski and Jean-Jacques Annaud. He directed two movies: La Maison and Le Bateau sur l'herbe.

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Richard Burmer, American composer and engineer (born 1955)

Richard Steven Burmer was an American composer, engineer, sound designer, musician and ethnomusicologist. His work with electronic music combined with musical styles and instruments from around the world formed his own unique and distinct sound.

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Matt Gadsby, English footballer (born 1979)

Matthew John Gadsby was an English professional footballer. Born in Sutton Coldfield, he played for Walsall, Mansfield Town, Kidderminster Harriers, Forest Green and Hinckley United as a defender and midfielder.

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William Bernard Ziff Jr., American businessman, founded Ziff Davis (born 1930)

William Bernard "Bill" Ziff Jr. was an American publishing executive. His father, William Bernard Ziff Sr., was the co-founder of Ziff Davis Inc. and when the elder Ziff died in 1953, Ziff took over the management of the company. After buying out partner Bernard G. Davis, he led Ziff Davis to become the most successful publisher of technology magazines in the 1970s and 1980s.

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09/09/2004

Ernie Ball, American guitarist and businessman (born 1930)

Ernie Ball was an American entrepreneur and musician who developed guitar-related products. Ball began as a club and local television musician and entrepreneur, building an international business in guitars and accessories. Ernie Ball Inc. is the eponymous corporation Ball started to market guitar accessories.

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Caitlin Clarke, American actress (born 1952)

Caitlin Clarke was an American actress best known for her roles as Valerian in the 1981 fantasy film Dragonslayer and Charlotte Cardoza in the 1998–1999 Broadway musical Titanic.

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09/09/2003

Edward Teller, Hungarian-American physicist and academic (born 1908)

Edward Teller was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist and chemical engineer who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" and one of the creators of the Teller–Ulam design inspired by Stanisław Ulam.

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Don Willesee, Australian telegraphist and politician, 29th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs (born 1916)

Donald Robert Willesee was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and served as a Senator for Western Australia from 1950 to 1975. He held ministerial office in the Whitlam government as Special Minister of State (1972–1973) and Minister for Foreign Affairs (1973–1975). He also served as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate from 1966 to 1967.

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09/09/2001

Ahmad Shah Massoud, Afghan commander and politician, Afghan Minister of Defense (born 1953)

Ahmad Shah Massoud was an Afghan military leader and politician. Known as the "Lion of Panjshir", he was the foremost commander of the Afghan mujahideen against Soviet occupation during the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979 to 1989. Later, in the 1990s, he led the government's military wing against rival militias, and actively fought against the Taliban and their allies, from the time the regime rose to power in 1996, and until his assassination in 2001.

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09/09/2000

Julian Critchley, English lawyer and politician (born 1930)

Sir Julian Michael Gordon Critchley was a British journalist, author and Conservative Party politician. He was the member of parliament for Rochester and Chatham from 1959 to 1964 and Aldershot from 1970 to 1997.

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09/09/1999

Arie de Vroet, Dutch footballer and manager (born 1918)

Arie de Vroet was a Dutch footballer who was active as a left winger. De Vroet made his debut at Feijenoord and also played for Le Havre AC and FC Rouen. He also represented the Netherlands at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

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Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (born 1946)

James Augustus "Catfish" Hunter was an American professional baseball player in Major League Baseball (MLB). From 1965 to 1979, he was a pitcher for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics and New York Yankees. Hunter is the only pitcher since 1915 to win 200 games by age 31. He is often referred to as baseball's first big-money free agent, and was a member of five World Series championship teams.

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Ruth Roman, American actress (born 1922)

Ruth Roman was an American actress of film, stage, and television.

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09/09/1998

Lucio Battisti, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1943)

Lucio Battisti was an Italian singer-songwriter and composer. He is widely recognized for songs that defined the late 1960s and 1970s era of Italian songwriting.

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Bill Cratty, American dancer and choreographer (born 1951)

Bill Cratty was an American modern dancer and choreographer.

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09/09/1997

Richie Ashburn, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1927)

Don Richard Ashburn, also known by the nicknames "Putt-Putt", "the Tilden Flash", and "Whitey", was an American professional baseball player and television sports commentator. He played in Major League Baseball as a center fielder from 1948 to 1962, most prominently as a member of the Philadelphia Phillies, where he was a four-time All-Star player and member of the 1950 National League pennant winning team known as the Whiz Kids.

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John Hackett, Australian-English general and author (born 1910)

General Sir John Winthrop Hackett, was an Australian-born British soldier, painter, university administrator, author and in later life, a commentator.

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Burgess Meredith, American actor, director, and producer (born 1907)

Oliver Burgess Meredith was an American actor and filmmaker whose career encompassed radio, theater, film, and television.

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09/09/1996

Bill Monroe, American singer-songwriter (born 1911)

William Smith Monroe was an American mandolinist, singer, and songwriter who created the bluegrass music genre. For this reason, he is often called the "Father of Bluegrass".

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09/09/1994

Patrick O'Neal, American actor (born 1927)

Patrick Wisdom O'Neal was an American actor and restaurateur.

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09/09/1993

Larry Noble, English comedian and actor (born 1914)

Larry Noble was a Lebanese-born British stage comedian and actor best known for starring in the Whitehall farces with Brian Rix. He starred in the original production of Reluctant Heroes and as the chirpy French jockey in Dry Rot. On television, he made guest appearances in Last of the Summer Wine in 1975 and Blake's 7 in 1981. He died on 9 September 1993, aged 78.

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Helen O'Connell, American singer (born 1920)

Helen O'Connell was an American singer, actress, and hostess, described as "the quintessential big band singer of the 1940s".

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09/09/1990

Nicola Abbagnano, Italian philosopher and academic (born 1901)

Nicola Abbagnano was an Italian existential philosopher.

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Samuel Doe, Liberian field marshal and politician, 21st President of Liberia (born 1951)

Samuel Kanyon Doe was a Liberian politician and military officer who served as the 21st President of Liberia from 1986 until his execution in 1990. He ruled Liberia as Chairman of the People's Redemption Council (PRC) from 1980 to 1986 and then as the first native president from 1986 to 1990.

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Alexander Men, Russian priest and scholar (born 1930)

Alexander Vladimirovich Men was a Soviet Russian Orthodox Church priest, Soviet dissident, scholar of theology and the Bible, and author of works on theology, history of religion, the fundamentals of Christian doctrine, and Orthodox worship.

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09/09/1986

Magda Tagliaferro, Brazilian pianist and educator (born 1893)

Magdalena Maria Yvonne Tagliaferro was a Brazilian pianist.

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09/09/1985

Neil Davis, Australian photographer and journalist (born 1934)

Neil Brian Davis was an Australian combat cameraman who was recognised for his work as a photojournalist during the Vietnam War and other conflicts in the region. He was killed in Bangkok on 9 September 1985, while filming a minor Thai coup attempt.

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Paul Flory, American chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910)

Paul John Flory was an American chemist and Nobel laureate who was known for his work in the field of polymers, or macromolecules. He was a pioneer in understanding the behavior of polymers in solution, and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1974 "for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules".

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Antonino Votto, Italian conductor (born 1896)

Antonino Votto, sometimes spelt Antonio Votto, was an Italian operatic conductor and vocal coach. Votto developed an extensive discography with the Teatro alla Scala in Milan during the 1950s, when EMI produced the bulk of its studio recordings featuring Maria Callas. Though Votto was a dependable conductor, critics frequently faulted his recordings for their lack of emotional immediacy. This may have been an occupational hazard of working in the studio, as his live sets with Callas, including a Norma and La sonnambula are considered to be great performances. Among his pupils was the soprano Claudia Pinza Bozzolla.

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09/09/1984

Yılmaz Güney, Palme d'Or award-winning Kurdish film director, scenarist, actor, novelist and activist (born 1937)

Yılmaz Güney was a Kurdish film director, screenwriter, novelist, actor and communist political activist. He quickly rose to prominence in the Turkish film industry. Many of his works were made from a far-left perspective and devoted to the plight of working-class people in Turkey. Güney won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1982 for the film Yol which he co-directed with Şerif Gören. He was at constant odds with the Turkish government over the portrayal of Kurdish culture, people and language.

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09/09/1981

Robert Askin, Australian sergeant and politician, 32nd Premier of New South Wales (born 1907)

Sir Robert William Askin, was an Australian politician and the 32nd premier of New South Wales from 1965 to 1975, the first representing the Liberal Party. He was born in 1907 as Robin William Askin, but always disliked his first name and changed it by deed poll in 1971. Before being knighted in 1972, however, he was generally known as Bob Askin. Born in Sydney in 1907, Askin was educated at Sydney Technical High School. After serving as a bank officer and as a sergeant in the Second World War, Askin joined the Liberal Party and was elected to the seat of Collaroy at the 1950 election.

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Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist (born 1901)

Jacques Marie Émile Lacan was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. Described as "the most controversial psycho-analyst since Freud", Lacan gave annual seminars in Paris from 1952 to 1980 and published papers that were later collected in the book Écrits. Transcriptions of the seminars 1953–1980 were published. His work made a significant impact on continental philosophy and cultural theory in areas such as post-structuralism, critical theory, feminist theory and film theory, as well as on the practice of psychoanalysis itself.

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09/09/1980

John Howard Griffin, American journalist and author (born 1920)

John Howard Griffin was an American journalist and author from Texas who wrote about and championed racial equality. He is best known for his 1959 project to temporarily pass as a black man and journey through the Deep South in order to see life and segregation from the other side of the color line first-hand. He first published a series of articles on his experience in Sepia magazine, which had underwritten the project, then later published an expanded account in book form, under the title Black Like Me (1961). This was later adapted into a 1964 film of the same name. A 50th anniversary edition of the book was published in 2011 by Wings Press.

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09/09/1979

Norrie Paramor, English composer, conductor, and producer (born 1914)

Norman William "Norrie" Paramor was a British record producer, composer, arranger, pianist, bandleader, and orchestral conductor. He is best known for his work with Cliff Richard and the Shadows, both together and separately, steering their early careers and producing and arranging most of their material from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. Paramor was an orchestra conductor and composer of music for studio albums, theatrical productions, and film scores.

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09/09/1978

Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish linguist, poet, and author (born 1892)

Christopher Murray Grieve, best known by his pen name Hugh MacDiarmid, was a Scottish poet, journalist, essayist and political figure. He is considered one of the principal forces behind the Scottish Renaissance and has had a lasting impact on Scottish culture and politics. He was a founding member of the National Party of Scotland in 1928 but left in 1933 due to his Marxist–Leninist views. He joined the Communist Party of Great Britain the following year only to be expelled in 1938 for his nationalist sympathies. He subsequently stood as a parliamentary candidate for both the Scottish National Party (1945) and Communist Party of Great Britain (1964).

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Jack L. Warner, Canadian-American production manager and producer, co-founded Warner Bros. (born 1892)

Jack Leonard Warner was a Canadian-born American film executive, who was the president and driving force behind the Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California. Warner's career spanned over 55 years, surpassing that of any other of the pioneering Hollywood studio moguls.

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09/09/1976

Mao Zedong, Chinese philosopher, academic, and politician, 1st Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (born 1893)

Mao Zedong, also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese revolutionary, politician, writer, political theorist and the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC). He led China from the PRC's establishment in October 1949 until his death in September 1976, primarily through his role as the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). His theories, which he advocated as a Chinese adaptation of Marxism–Leninism, are known as Maoism.

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09/09/1975

Johannes Brenner, Estonian footballer (born 1906)

Johannes Brenner was an Estonia football forward, who played for ESS Kalev Tallinn, Tallinna Jalgpalli Klubi and the Estonia national football team.

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John McGiver, American actor (born 1913)

John Irwin McGiver was an American character actor who made more than a hundred appearances in television and motion pictures over a two-decade span from 1955 to 1975.

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09/09/1969

Willy Mairesse, Belgian racing driver (born 1928)

Willy Mairesse was a Formula One and sports-car driver from Belgium. He participated in 13 World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 19 June 1960. He achieved one podium and scored a total of seven championship points. He committed suicide in a hotel room in Ostend after a crash at the 1968 24 Hours of Le Mans forced an end to his career.

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09/09/1963

Edwin Linkomies, Finnish academic, professor and the Prime Minister of Finland (born 1894)

Edwin Johannes Hildegard Linkomies was Prime Minister of Finland from March 1943 to August 1944, and one of the seven politicians sentenced to five and a half years in prison as responsible for the Continuation War, on the demand of the Soviet Union. He was paroled in 1948. Linkomies was a prominent fennoman academic, pro-rector of the University of Helsinki 1932 to 1943, rector 1956 to 1962, and the government's Chancellor of the University from 1962 until his death.

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09/09/1960

Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (born 1911)

Johan Jonatan "Jussi" Björling was a Swedish tenor. One of the leading operatic singers of the 20th century, Björling appeared for many years at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City and less frequently at the major European opera houses, including the Royal Opera House in London and La Scala in Milan. He sang the Italian, French and Russian opera repertory with taste.

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09/09/1959

Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (born 1883)

Ramón Fonst Segundo was a Cuban fencer who competed in the early 20th century. He was one of the greatest world fencers, individual and by team; he was born and died in Havana. He became the first non-European and the only Latin American to win a title.

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09/09/1958

Charlie Macartney, Australian cricketer and soldier (born 1886)

Charles George Macartney was an Australian cricketer who played in 35 Test matches between 1907 and 1926. He was known as "The Governor-General" in reference to his authoritative batting style and his flamboyant strokeplay, which drew comparisons with his close friend and role model Victor Trumper, regarded as one of the most elegant batsmen in cricketing history. Sir Donald Bradman—generally regarded as the greatest batsman in history—cited Macartney's dynamic batting as an inspiration in his cricket career.

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09/09/1955

Carl Friedberg, German pianist and educator (born 1872)

Carl Rudolf Hermann Friedberg was a German pianist and teacher of Jewish origin.

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09/09/1950

Victor Hémery, French racing driver (born 1876)

Victor Théodore Eugène Hémery was a French racing driver. He was the winner of the Vanderbilt Cup in 1905.

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09/09/1945

Max Ehrmann, American poet and lawyer (born 1872)

Max Ehrmann was an American writer, poet, and attorney from Terre Haute, Indiana, widely known for his 1927 prose poem "Desiderata". He often wrote on spiritual themes.

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09/09/1943

Carlo Bergamini, Italian admiral (born 1888)

Carlo Bergamini was an Italian admiral.

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Charles McLean Andrews, American historian, author, and academic (born 1863)

Charles McLean Andrews, Ph.D, L.H.D. was an American historian and professor at Yale University whose Colonial Period of American History, vol. 1 of 4, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for history in 1935. Among his other books are British committees, commissions, and councils of trade and plantations, 1622-1675, co-author of the 1910 publication titled A bibliography of history for schools and libraries: with description and critical annotations, and The Colonial Period (1912).

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09/09/1942

Adele Kurzweil, Austrian Holocaust victim (born 1925)

Adele "Dele" Kurzweil was an Austrian girl of Jewish origin who was tracked down by Nazi Germany and murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp at arrival. Her fate became widely known after suitcases had been discovered in 1990 at her family's last refuge in the southern French town of Auvillar.

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09/09/1941

Hans Spemann, German embryologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1869)

Hans Spemann was a German embryologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935 for his student Hilde Mangold's discovery of the effect now known as embryonic induction, an influence, exercised by various parts of the embryo, that directs the development of groups of cells into particular tissues and organs, one of the first steps towards cloning. Spemann added his name as an author to Hilde Mangold's dissertation and won a Nobel Prize for her work.

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09/09/1934

Roger Fry, English painter and critic (born 1866)

Roger Eliot Fry was an English painter and critic, and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Establishing his reputation as a scholar of the Old Masters, he became an advocate of more recent developments in French painting, to which he gave the name Post-Impressionism. He was an early figure to raise public awareness of modern art in Britain, and he emphasised the formal properties of paintings over the "associated ideas" conjured in the viewer by their representational content. He was described by the art historian Kenneth Clark as "incomparably the greatest influence on taste since Ruskin ... In so far as taste can be changed by one man, it was changed by Roger Fry". The taste Fry influenced was primarily that of the Anglophone world, and his success lay largely in alerting an educated public to a compelling version of recent artistic developments of the Parisian avant-garde.

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09/09/1923

Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, Brazilian president (born 1855)

Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca was a Brazilian field marshal and politician who served as the eighth president of Brazil between 1910 and 1914. He was a nephew of marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil, and general João Severiano da Fonseca, patron of the Army Health Service. His parents were the marshal Hermes Ernesto da Fonseca and Rita Rodrigues Barbosa.

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09/09/1915

Albert Spalding, American baseball player, manager, and businessman, co-founded Spalding (born 1850)

Albert Goodwill Spalding was an American pitcher, manager, and executive in the early years of professional baseball, and the co-founder of the Spalding sporting goods company. He was born and raised in Byron, Illinois, yet graduated from Rockford Central High School in Rockford, Illinois. He played major league baseball between 1871 and 1878. Spalding set a trend when he started wearing a baseball glove.

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09/09/1910

Lloyd Wheaton Bowers, American lawyer and politician, United States Solicitor General (born 1859)

Lloyd Wheaton Bowers was an American lawyer.

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09/09/1909

E. H. Harriman, American businessman and philanthropist (born 1848)

Edward Henry Harriman was an American financier and railroad executive.

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09/09/1907

Ernest Wilberforce, English bishop (born 1840)

Ernest Roland Wilberforce was an Anglican clergyman and bishop. From 1882 to 1896 he was the first Anglican Bishop of Newcastle upon the diocese's creation, and from 1896 to 1907 he was Bishop of Chichester.

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09/09/1901

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter and illustrator (born 1864)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Montfa, known as Toulouse-Lautrec, was a French painter, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator. His immersion in the colourful and theatrical life of Paris in the late 19th century allowed him to produce popular works of art from decadent affairs.

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09/09/1898

Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet and critic (born 1842)

Étienne Mallarmé, known professionally as Stéphane Mallarmé, was a French poet and critic. He was a major French Symbolist poet, and his work anticipated and inspired several revolutionary artistic schools of the early 20th century, such as Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism, and Surrealism.

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09/09/1893

Friedrich Traugott Kützing, German pharmacist, botanist and phycologist (born 1807)

Friedrich Traugott Kützing was a German pharmacist, botanist and phycologist.

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09/09/1891

Jules Grévy, French politician, 4th President of the French Republic (born 1813)

François Judith Paul Grévy, known as Jules Grévy, was a French lawyer and politician who served as President of France from 1879 to 1887. He was a leader of the Moderate Republicans, and given that his predecessors were monarchists who tried without success to restore the French monarchy, Grévy is considered the first real republican president of France. During Grévy's presidency from 1879 to 1887, according to David Bell, there was a disunity among his cabinets. Only one survived more than a year. Grévy paid attention chiefly to defense, internal order, and foreign relations. Critics argue that Grévy's confusing approach to appointments set a bad precedent for handling crises.

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09/09/1841

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist, mycologist, and academic (born 1778)

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle had established a new genus, and he went on to document hundreds of plant families and create a new natural plant classification system. Although de Candolle's main focus was botany, he also contributed to related fields such as phytogeography, agronomy, paleontology, medical botany, and economic botany.

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09/09/1834

James Weddell, Belgian-English sailor and navigator (born 1787)

James Weddell was a British sailor, navigator and seal hunter who in February 1823 sailed to latitude of 74° 15′ S- a record 7.69 degrees or 532 statute miles south of the Antarctic Circle- and into a region of the Southern Ocean that later became known as the Weddell Sea.

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09/09/1815

John Singleton Copley, American-English colonial and painter (born 1738)

John Singleton Copley was an American-born painter active in both the Thirteen Colonies and England. He is believed to have been born in Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay, to Richard and Mary Singleton Copley, both Anglo-Irish. After becoming well-established as a portrait painter of the wealthy in colonial New England, he moved to London in 1774, never returning to America. In London, he met considerable success as a portraitist for the next two decades, and also painted a number of large history paintings, which were innovative in their readiness to depict modern subjects and modern dress. His later years were less successful, and he died heavily in debt. He was father of John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst and half-brother of Henry Pelham, the American painter, engraver, and cartographer.

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09/09/1806

William Paterson, Irish-American judge and politician, 2nd Governor of New Jersey (born 1745)

William Paterson was an American statesman, lawyer, jurist, and signer of the United States Constitution. He was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, the second governor of New Jersey, and a Founding Father of the United States.

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09/09/1755

Johann Lorenz von Mosheim, German historian and author (born 1694)

Johann Lorenz von Mosheim or Johann Lorenz Mosheim was a German Lutheran church historian.

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09/09/1703

Charles de Saint-Évremond, French-English soldier, author, and critic (born 1610)

Charles de Marguetel de Saint-Denis, seigneur de Saint-Évremond was a French soldier, hedonist, essayist and literary critic. After 1661, he lived in exile, mainly in England, as a consequence of his attack on French policy at the time of the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659). He is one of the few foreigners to be buried in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. He wrote for his friends and did not intend his work to be published, although a few of his pieces were leaked in his lifetime. The first full collection of his works was published in London in 1705, after his death.

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09/09/1680

Henry Marten, English lawyer and politician (born 1602)

Henry Marten was a lawyer and politician from Oxford who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1640 and 1653. He was an ardent republican and a regicide of King Charles I of England. He was found guilty of taking part in the king's death. Although he remained a captive, he was spared the death penalty.

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09/09/1676

Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, French soldier, founded Montreal (born 1612)

Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve was a French military officer and the founder of Ville-Marie, now the city of Montreal.

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09/09/1612

Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese daimyō (born 1570)

Nakagawa Hidenari (中川秀成) was a Japanese daimyō in the Azuchi–Momoyama to Edo period. He was the 2nd son of Nakagawa Kiyohide.

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09/09/1611

Eleanor de' Medici, Italian noblewoman (born 1567)

Eleanor de' Medici was a Duchess of Mantua by marriage to Vincenzo I Gonzaga. She served as regent of Mantua 1595, 1597 and 1601, when Vincenzo served in the Austrian campaign in Hungary, and in 1602, when he left for Flanders for medical treatment. She was a daughter of Francesco I de' Medici and Joanna of Austria and the sister of Marie de' Medici, Queen of France.

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09/09/1603

George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire (born 1547)

George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon was the eldest son of Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon and Anne Morgan. His father was first cousin to Elizabeth I of England. In 1560, at the age of 13, George matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge.

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09/09/1596

Anna Jagiellon, Polish queen (born 1523)

Anna Jagiellon was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania from 1575 to 1587.

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09/09/1583

Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer and politician (born 1539)

Sir Humphrey Gilbert was an English adventurer, explorer, member of parliament and soldier who served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America and the Plantations of Ireland. He was a maternal half-brother of Sir Walter Raleigh and a cousin of Sir Richard Grenville.

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09/09/1569

Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Dutch painter (born 1525)

Pieter Bruegel the Elder was among the most significant artists of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, a painter and printmaker, known for his landscapes and peasant scenes ; he was a pioneer in presenting both types of subject as large paintings.

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09/09/1513

Notable Scottish casualties of the Battle of Flodden

James IV was King of Scotland from 11 June 1488 until his death at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. He inherited the throne at the age of fifteen on the death of his father, James III, at the Battle of Sauchieburn, following a rebellion in which the younger James was the figurehead of the rebels. James IV is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stewart monarchs of Scotland. He was responsible for a major expansion of the Scottish royal navy, which included the founding of two royal dockyards and the acquisition or construction of 38 ships, including the Great Michael, the largest warship of its time.

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Notable Scottish casualties of the Battle of Flodden

George Douglas, Master of Angus was a Scottish Nobleman. The son of Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus and Elizabeth Boyd, daughter of Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd, he was born at Tantallon Castle and died at the Battle of Flodden.

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Notable Scottish casualties of the Battle of Flodden

Sir William Douglas of Glenbervie, Knt. was a Scottish nobleman, who fell at Flodden.

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Notable Scottish casualties of the Battle of Flodden

William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose was a Scottish Lord of Parliament, who was raised to an earldom by James IV of Scotland and who died with his monarch at the Battle of Flodden.

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Notable Scottish casualties of the Battle of Flodden

Sir Alexander Lauder of Blyth, Knt. was Provost of Edinburgh almost continually from 1500 to 1513. He was Commissioner to the Scottish Parliament, 1504–06, and an Auditor of the Exchequer in Scotland. He appears to have been on terms of intimacy with the King, James IV, with whom he played cards and to whom he occasionally lent money. "He led the men of Edinburgh to join the King's host" at the battle of Flodden, and fell there.

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Notable Scottish casualties of the Battle of Flodden

Alexander Stewart was an illegitimate son of King James IV of Scotland by his mistress Marion Boyd. He was the King's eldest illegitimate child. He was an elder brother of Catherine Stewart, his only full sibling, and was an older half-brother of the future James V. He was installed as Archbishop of St Andrews at the age of eleven and was killed beside his father the King at the Battle of Flodden aged twenty.

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09/09/1488

Francis II, duke of Brittany (born 1433)

Francis II was Duke of Brittany from 1458 to his death. He was the grandson of John IV, Duke of Brittany. A recurring theme in Francis' life would be his quest to maintain the quasi-independence of Brittany from France. As such, his reign was characterized by conflicts with King Louis XI and with his daughter, Anne of France, who served as regent during the minority of her brother, King Charles VIII. The armed and unarmed conflicts from 1465 to 1477 and 1484–1488 have been called the "War of the Public Weal" and the Mad War, respectively.

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09/09/1487

Chenghua, emperor of China (born 1447)

The Chenghua Emperor, personal name Zhu Jianshen, changed to Zhu Jianru in 1457, was the ninth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1464 to 1487. He succeeded his father, Emperor Yingzong.

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09/09/1438

Edward, king of Portugal (born 1391)

Edward, also called Edward the Philosopher King or the Eloquent, was the King of Portugal from 1433 until his death. He was born in Viseu, the son of John I of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster. Edward was the oldest member of the "Illustrious Generation" of royal children who contributed to the political, social and economic development of Portuguese society during the 15th century.

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09/09/1435

Robert Harling, English knight

Sir Robert Harling was an English early member of the landed gentry, a soldier, and political strongman. The Norfolk villages of East Harling, West Harling, Harling Market and Larling were greatly under his control. He married Jane Gonville, whose father established what was to become Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.

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09/09/1398

James I, king of Cyprus (born 1334)

James I was the youngest son of King Hugh IV of Cyprus and by 1369 held the title "Constable of Jerusalem." When his nephew Peter II died in 1382, he became King of Cyprus. James was also crowned King of Jerusalem in 1389 and assumed the title of King of Armenia in 1393, which was formally given to him in 1396.

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09/09/1285

Kunigunda of Halych, queen regent of Bohemia (born 1245)

Kunigunda Rostislavna was Queen consort of Bohemia. She was a member of the House of Chernigov, and a daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich.

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09/09/1282

Ingrid of Skänninge, Swedish abbess and saint

Ingrid of Skänninge was a Swedish prioress. She founded Skänninge Abbey, a nunnery belonging to the Order of Preachers, in 1272. Her feast day is on 2 September.

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09/09/1271

Yaroslav of Tver, Russian Grand Prince (born 1230)

Yaroslav III Yaroslavich was the first Prince of Tver from 1247, and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1263 until his death in 1271. All the later princes of Tver descended from him.

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09/09/1191

Conrad II, duke of Bohemia

Conrad II Otto, a member of Přemyslid dynasty, was the first margrave of Moravia from 1182 to 1189 and duke of Bohemia from 1189 until his death.

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09/09/1087

William the Conqueror, English king (born c. 1028)

William the Conqueror, sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. By 1060, following a long struggle, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading a Franco-Norman army to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings. He suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose.

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09/09/1031

Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean general (born 948)

Kang Kamch'an was a medieval Korean government official and military commander during the early days of the Goryeo period (918–1392). Even though he was a career scholar and government official, he is best known for his military victories during the Third Goryeo-Khitan War. Kang came from the Geumju Kang clan.

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09/09/1000

Olaf I, king of Norway

1000 (M) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1000th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 1000th and last year of the 1st millennium, the 100th and last year of the 10th century, and the 1st year of the 1000s decade. As of the start of 1000, the Gregorian calendar was 5 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

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09/09/0906

Adalbert von Babenberg, Frankish nobleman

Adalbert of Babenberg was a member of the Frankish Popponids. He was the son of Margrave Henry I of Babenberg and either Ingeltrude or Judith of Friuli.

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