Sunday, 19th April 2026 in Prag
Welcome to your daily snapshot of Prag! Explore 49 historical events, birthdays, deaths, and milestones that shaped this day in Prag. From remarkable moments in local and world history to the people who left their mark — find out what makes today special. Today's weather in Prag brings rainy with temperatures between 7°C and 20°C. Tonight's moon is in its full moon phase, and the zodiac sign of the day is Aries. If you're curious about the history of a day — this page brings together everything worth knowing about this Sunday, 19th April in Prag, CZ.

Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, is situated along the Vltava River in the central Bohemian region and serves as the country's cultural and political centre. On 19 April 2026, the city experiences rainy weather typical of spring conditions. The date falls under the Aries zodiac sign, and a full moon illuminates the evening sky.
On this day
19 April has marked several pivotal moments in modern history. In 2005, Joseph Alois Ratzinger was elected Pope Benedict XVI on the second day of the papal conclave, beginning a papacy that would last eight years. Two decades earlier, on 19 April 1995, a truck bombing destroyed much of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 people and injuring more than 680 others, marking one of the deadliest acts of domestic terrorism in United States history.
The date also holds significance in American cultural history. On 19 April 1987, the fictional Simpson family made their first appearance in the short Good Night, which aired as a segment of The Tracey Ullman Show, eventually leading to one of television's longest-running animated series.
DayAtlas displays weather conditions for any given date and location, alongside significant historical events, notable births and deaths associated with that day. Users can explore how specific dates have shaped history across different regions and time periods.
Find out what's happening today in Prag.
What the Weather Had in Store for Prag on 19th April 2026
Roots grow deeper where the soil resists most fiercely.
Fortune of the Day
19th April in the Stars – Star Sign Aries
Personality Profile
Personality People born on April 19 blend Aries drive with radiant vitality. They're lively, confident, and speak their minds freely. This natural charisma draws others and positions them as natural leaders.
Strengths & Weaknesses Their strengths include courage, determination, and innovative thinking. Impulsiveness can lead to hasty choices. Impatience and scattered focus present ongoing challenges requiring conscious balance.
Love Partners experience passionate, spontaneous lovers fully committed to connection. Direct honesty creates clarity but can wound. Long-term, they need partners respecting their freedom and matching their intensity.
Caree & Finance These natives thrive in dynamic, self-directed roles. Entrepreneurship, sales, or creative ventures appeal strongly. Financial impulsiveness demands deliberate saving habits and strategic planning.
Health Their fiery nature requires regular physical activity and challenge. Stress relief through exercise is essential. They should temper impatience during recovery and follow medical guidance carefully.
That night, the moon was in its full moon phase.
Chinese year of the Horse (Fire).
Fun Facts About 19th April
Name Days in Your Language: Garett, Garey, Garret, Garrett, Garvey, Garvin, Gary, Gerald, Geraldine, Geri, Gerry, Jared, Jarod, Jarred, Jarrett, Jarrod, Jerald, Jeri, Jerod, Jerri, Jerrod, Jerry
Someone born on this day would be just 45 days old today — roughly 1,081 hours, 64,862 minutes, or 3,891,734 seconds spent on Earth so far.
It's the 109. day of the year. In 2026, 19th April falls on a Sunday.
There are 256 days still to come.
We’re currently in Week 16 — the year marches on.
Famous Birthdays on 19th April
On this day, 119 notable people were born on 19th April — spanning from 1452 to 2016. From world leaders to artists and scientists, discover who shares this birthday.
19/04/2016
The Rizzler, American internet personality
Christian Joseph, known online as The Rizzler, is an American social media personality from New Jersey. He is best known for his "Rizz Face", an expression where he squints his eyes while stroking his chin and pursing his lips.
19/04/2003
Jackson Merrill, American baseball player
Jackson Peter Merrill is an American professional baseball center fielder for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was selected in the first round of the 2021 MLB draft by the Padres and made his MLB debut in 2024. He was selected for the 2024 MLB All-Star Game.
19/04/2002
Loren Gray, American singer and internet personality
Loren Gray Beech is an American social media personality, singer, and songwriter. Gray rose to prominence in 2015 on the video sharing app, Musical.ly. In 2018, she released her debut single "My Story" under Virgin Records, with whom she was signed until February 2021, when she became an independent artist. Forbes reported she earned $2.4 million in 2019, making her the fourth highest-earning TikTok star. In 2020, Billboard ranked her among TikTok's top 10 music influencers with over 50 million followers.
19/04/2001
Dalton Knecht, American basketball player
Dalton Douglas Knecht is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for Northeastern Junior College, Northern Colorado, and Tennessee. He was selected 17th overall by the Lakers in the 2024 NBA draft.
PinkPantheress, British singer-songwriter and record producer
Victoria Beverley Walker, known professionally as PinkPantheress, is a British singer-songwriter and record producer. Her music blends styles such as R&B, drum and bass, UK garage, house, and alternative pop, often sampling music from the 1990s and 2000s and featuring affable stream-of-consciousness lyrics.
19/04/1999
Sebastian Kris, Australian-NewZealand rugby league player
Sebastian Kris is a New Zealand international rugby league footballer who plays as a centre for the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League.
19/04/1991
Kelly Olynyk, Canadian basketball player
Kelly Tyler Olynyk is a Canadian professional basketball player for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the captain of the Canada men's national basketball team. He played college basketball for the Gonzaga Bulldogs, where he earned All-American honors in 2013. After forgoing his senior season, Olynyk was selected by the Dallas Mavericks with the 13th overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft before being immediately traded to the Boston Celtics. In July 2017, he signed with the Miami Heat, where he helped the team reach the 2020 NBA Finals. He has also played for the Houston Rockets, Detroit Pistons, Utah Jazz, Toronto Raptors, New Orleans Pelicans, and the San Antonio Spurs.
19/04/1990
Jackie Bradley Jr., American baseball player
Jackie Bradley Jr., nicknamed "JBJ", is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Indianapolis Clowns of the Banana Ball Championship League and sports broadcaster. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox, Milwaukee Brewers, Toronto Blue Jays, and Kansas City Royals. Listed at 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) and 200 pounds (91 kg), he bats left and throws right-handed.
Kim Chiu, Filipino actress, singer, and dancer
Kimberly Sue Yap Chiu is a Filipino actress, singer, performer, television host, and businesswoman. Known for her performances in a range of genres across film and television, she rose to fame after winning the first teen edition of Pinoy Big Brother (2006). Chiu's films have grossed almost ₱1.5 billion at the box office, making her one of the highest-grossing box office stars of all time. Forbes Asia named her one of Asia Pacific's most influential Filipino personalities in 2020.
19/04/1989
Simu Liu, Canadian actor
Simu Liu is a Canadian actor. He rose to prominence by starring as Shang-Chi in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), a role which he will reprise in Avengers: Doomsday (2026).
19/04/1987
Joe Hart, English footballer
Charles Joseph John Hart is an English football pundit, coach and former player who played as a goalkeeper. He was most recently the goalkeeper coach of EFL League Two club Shrewsbury Town.
Maria Sharapova, Russian tennis player
Maria Yuryevna Sharapova is a Russian former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 21 weeks. Sharapova won 36 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including five major titles, as well as the 2004 WTA Tour Championships. She is one of ten women to achieve the career Grand Slam in singles.
19/04/1986
Candace Parker, American basketball player
Candace Nicole Parker, nicknamed "Ace", is an American former professional basketball player. Widely regarded as one of the greatest WNBA players of all time, she was selected as the first overall pick in the 2008 WNBA draft by the Los Angeles Sparks. She spent 13 seasons on the Sparks, two seasons with the Chicago Sky, and one season with the Las Vegas Aces, winning a championship with each team. Parker is credited with growing the popularity of women's basketball. She will be inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 2026.
19/04/1983
Joe Mauer, American baseball player
Joseph Patrick Mauer is an American former professional baseball catcher and first baseman who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Minnesota Twins. Regarded as one of the greatest contact hitters at the catcher position in his prime, Mauer is the only catcher in MLB history to win three batting titles, and the only catcher to ever win a batting title in the American League (AL). Internationally, Mauer represented the United States.
19/04/1982
Samuel C. Morrison, Jr., Liberian-American journalist, producer, and screenwriter
Samuel C. Morrison Jr. is a Liberian-born screenwriter, director, producer and journalist.
Ali Wong, American comedian and actress
Alexandra Dawn Wong is an American actress and comedian. Her accolades include two Primetime Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, one Actor Award, and a Grammy Award nomination. She was named one of Time's 100 most influential people in 2020 and 2023.
19/04/1981
Hayden Christensen, Canadian actor
Hayden Christensen is a Canadian actor. He gained recognition for his portrayal of Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader in the Star Wars media franchise. He first appeared in the prequel trilogy films, Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) and Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005), and later reprised his role in the Disney+ series Obi-Wan Kenobi (2022) and Ahsoka (2023).
Lise Klaveness, Norwegian footballer and lawyer, president of the Norwegian Football Federation
Lise Klaveness is a Norwegian lawyer and former footballer who played 73 matches for Norway's national team between 2002 and 2011. She is currently the president of the Norwegian Football Federation.
Troy Polamalu, American football player
Troy Aumua Polamalu is an American former professional football player who spent his entire 12-year career as a safety for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). An eight-time Pro Bowl and six-time All-Pro selection, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2020, his first year of eligibility.
19/04/1979
Kate Hudson, American actress
Kate Garry Hudson is an American actress and singer-songwriter. Born to singer Bill Hudson and actress Goldie Hawn, Hudson made her film debut in the 1998 drama Desert Blue, which was followed by supporting roles in several films. She rose to prominence with her portrayal of Penny Lane in Cameron Crowe's musical drama Almost Famous (2000), for which she won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.
19/04/1978
James Franco, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
James Edward Franco is an American actor and filmmaker. He has starred in numerous films, including Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy (2002–2007), Milk (2008), Eat Pray Love (2010), Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011), Spring Breakers (2012), and Oz the Great and Powerful (2013). He has collaborated with fellow actor Seth Rogen on multiple projects, including Pineapple Express (2008), This Is the End (2013), The Interview (2014), Sausage Party (2016), and The Disaster Artist (2017), for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. Franco's performance in 127 Hours (2010) earned a Best Actor nomination at the 83rd Academy Awards.
Amanda Sage, American-Austrian painter and educator
Amanda Sage is an American painter and teacher who co-founded the Academy of Visionary Art in Vienna and the Colorado Alliance for Visionary Art. She has worked internationally, training and collaborating with Ernst Fuchs and Michael Fuchs, classical artists who taught her the Mischtechnik technique.
19/04/1976
Michelle Feldman, American bowler
Michelle Feldman is an American right-handed female professional ten-pin bowler and former member of the Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA). A native of Skaneateles, New York, she resides in nearby Auburn, New York. In April of 2026, she was inducted into the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) Hall of Fame.
19/04/1975
Jason Gillespie, Australian cricketer and coach
Jason Neil Gillespie is an Australian cricket coach and former international cricketer who played for Australia in all three formats of the game. A right-arm fast bowler, he was also a competent lower-order batsman whose unbeaten 201 in his last Test match is the highest score by a night-watchman in international cricket.
19/04/1974
Madeleine Peyroux, American French jazz and blues singer-songwriter
Madeleine Peyroux is an American jazz singer and songwriter who began her career as a teenager on the streets of Paris. She sang vintage jazz and blues songs before finding mainstream success in 2004 when her album Careless Love sold half a million copies.
19/04/1972
Rivaldo Vitor Borba Ferreira, Brazilian footballer
Rivaldo Vítor Borba Ferreira, known simply as Rivaldo, is a Brazilian former footballer who played mainly as a second striker but also as a attacking midfielder, and on occasion deployed as a wide midfielder or as a winger. Known for his skill and creativity, Rivaldo was renowned for his bending free kicks, bicycle kicks, feints, powerful ball striking from distance, and ability to both score and create goals. In 1999, he won the Ballon d'Or and was named FIFA World Player of the Year. In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. With success at club and international level, he is one of ten players to have won the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League and the Ballon d'Or, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time.
19/04/1970
Kelly Holmes, English athlete and double Olympic champion
Dame Kelly Holmes is a retired British middle distance athlete and television personality.
19/04/1968
Ashley Judd, American actress
Ashley Tyler Ciminella, known professionally as Ashley Judd, is an American actress and activist. She grew up in a family of performing artists, the daughter of country music singer Naomi Judd and the half-sister of country music singer Wynonna Judd. Her acting career has spanned more than three decades, and she has been involved in global humanitarian efforts and political activism. Judd made her television debut in 1991 with a guest role on Star Trek: The Next Generation and her film debut in 1992's Kuffs.
Mswati III, King (Ngwenyama) of Eswatini (Swaziland)
Mswati III is the Ngwenyama (King) of Eswatini and head of the Swazi royal family since 1986. He is the head of an absolute monarchy, holding executive authority over all branches of government and constitutionally immune from prosecution. Along with his mother Queen Ntfombi, Mswati is the last remaining absolute monarch in Africa and one of twelve remaining absolute monarchs worldwide.
19/04/1966
Véronique Gens, French soprano and actress
Véronique Gens is a French operatic soprano. She has spent much of her career recording and performing Baroque music.
Paul Reiffel, Australian cricketer and umpire
Paul Ronald Reiffel is an Australian cricket umpire and former cricketer who played in 35 Tests and 92 One Day Internationals (ODIs) from 1992 to 1999. He was part of Australia's victorious 1999 World Cup team. After retirement, he became a first-class cricket umpire. He is currently a member of the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires.
19/04/1965
Suge Knight, American record executive
Marion Hugh "Suge" Knight Jr. is an American former record executive who is the co-founder and former CEO of Death Row Records. Knight was a central figure in gangsta rap's commercial success in the 1990s. This feat is attributed to the record label's first two album releases: Dr. Dre's The Chronic in 1992 and Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle in 1993. Knight is currently serving a 28-year sentence in prison for a fatal hit-and-run in 2015.
19/04/1960
Gustavo Petro, Colombian politician, 34th and current President of Colombia
Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego is a Colombian politician, former guerrilla leader, and economist who has served as the 35th president of Colombia since 2022. Upon inauguration, he became the first left-wing president in the recent history of Colombia. He is also the founder and leader of the political party Historic Pact (PH).
Frank Viola, American baseball player and coach
Frank John Viola Jr. is an American former starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Minnesota Twins (1982–1989), New York Mets (1989–1991), Boston Red Sox (1992–1994), Cincinnati Reds (1995), and Toronto Blue Jays (1996). A three-time All-Star, he was named World Series MVP with the Twins in 1987 and won the AL Cy Young Award in 1988. He is the pitching coach of the High Point Rockers.
19/04/1957
Mukesh Ambani, Indian businessman, chairman of Reliance Industries
Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani is an Indian businessman. He is the chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries, the largest public company in India by market capitalisation in 2025. As of April 2026, he is the richest person in Asia and the 20th richest in the world, with a net worth of US$97.5 billion. He has attracted fame due to his growth and wealth, and criticism for being a plutocrat, and reports of market manipulation, political corruption, cronyism, and exploitation.
19/04/1956
Anne Glover, Scottish biologist and academic
Dame Lesley Anne Glover is a Scottish biologist and academic. She was Professor of molecular biology and cell biology at the University of Aberdeen before being named Vice Principal for External Affairs and Dean for Europe. She served as Chief Scientific Adviser to the President of the European Commission from 2012 to 2014. In 2018 she joined the Principal's senior advisory team at the University of Strathclyde.
19/04/1954
Trevor Francis, English footballer and manager (died 2023)
Trevor John Francis was an English footballer who played as a forward for a number of clubs in England, the United States, Italy, Scotland and Australia. In 1979 he became Britain's first £1 million player following his transfer from Birmingham City to Nottingham Forest. He scored the winning goal for Forest in the 1979 European Cup final against Malmö. He won the European Cup again with the club the following year. At international level, he played for England 52 times between 1976 and 1986, scoring 12 goals, and played at the 1982 FIFA World Cup.
19/04/1952
Simon Cowell, English conservationist and author (died 2024)
Simon Maxwell Cowell was a British conservationist, television presenter, and author best known for hosting the Animal Planet documentary series Wildlife SOS from 1996 to 2014. He was the founder of Wildlife Aid Foundation, originally titled Wildlife Aid, which is a charitable organization dedicated to the "rescue, rehabilitation, and release of British wildlife".
19/04/1951
Jóannes Eidesgaard, Faroese educator and politician, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
Jóannes Dan Eidesgaard is a former Faroese politician. He was the prime minister of the Faroe Islands from 2004, starting shortly after the general election of 20 January 2004, until 26 September 2008, when a new coalition took office. He served as finance minister from 1996 to 1998 and again from 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Danish Folketing representing the Faroe Islands from 11 March 1998 until 20 November 2001.
19/04/1946
Tim Curry, English actor and singer
Timothy James Curry is an English actor and singer. He is famous for playing many villainous roles and rose to prominence as Dr. Frank-N-Furter in the musical film The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), reprising the role he had originated in the 1973 London, 1974 Los Angeles, and 1975 Broadway musical stage productions of The Rocky Horror Show.
19/04/1944
James Heckman, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
James Joseph Heckman is an American economist and Nobel laureate who serves as the Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor in Economics at the University of Chicago, where he is also a professor at the college, a professor at the Harris School of Public Policy, Director of the Center for the Economics of Human Development (CEHD), and co-director of Human Capital and Economic Opportunity (HCEO) Global Working Group. He is also a professor of law at the Law School, a senior research fellow at the American Bar Foundation, and a research associate at the NBER. He received the John Bates Clark Medal in 1983, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2000, which he shared with Daniel McFadden. He is known principally for his pioneering work in econometrics and microeconomics.
Bernie Worrell, American keyboard player and songwriter (died 2016)
George Bernard Worrell, Jr. was an American keyboardist and record producer, best known as a founding member of the Parliament-Funkadelic collective, and a touring member of Talking Heads in the 1980s. He also worked with such producers and musicians as Keith Richards, Yoko Ono, Bill Laswell, Mos Def, Sly and Robbie, Fela Kuti and Cream's Jack Bruce. The New York Times journalist Jon Pareles, described Worrell as "the kind of sideman who is as influential as some bandleaders" and stated that his music "indelibly changed the sound of funk and hip-hop." Worrell was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 as a member of Parliament-Funkadelic, along with 15 other members the band. He also appeared with Talking Heads when they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002. Worrell was the uncle of rapper and actor Chino XL.
19/04/1943
Margo MacDonald, Scottish journalist and politician (died 2014)
Margo Symington MacDonald was a Scottish politician, teacher and broadcaster. She was the Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Govan from 1973 to 1974 and was Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party from 1974 to 1979. She later served as an SNP and then Independent Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Lothian from 1999 until her death.
19/04/1941
Michel Roux, French-English chef and author (died 2020)
Michel Roux, OBE, also known as Michel Roux Snr., was a French chef and restaurateur working in Britain. Along with his brother Albert, he opened Le Gavroche, which subsequently became the first three Michelin starred restaurant in Britain and The Waterside Inn, which was the first restaurant outside France to hold three stars for 25 years.
19/04/1939
Clay Shaw, American accountant, judge, and politician (died 2013)
Eugene Clay Shaw Jr. was an American jurist and Republican politician who served as mayor of Fort Lauderdale and represented South Florida in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 until 2007. He was defeated for re-election by Ron Klein in 2006.
Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (died 2026)
Ali Hosseini Khamenei was an Iranian politician and Shia cleric who served as the second supreme leader of Iran from 1989 until his assassination in the 2026 Iran war. A member of the Khamenei family, he previously served as the third president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. He held the title Grand Ayatollah, and his tenure as supreme leader, spanning 36 years and six months, made him the longest-serving head of state in West Asia at the time of his death.
19/04/1937
Antonio Carluccio, Italian-English chef and author (died 2017)
Antonio Carluccio, OBE, OMRI was an Italian chef, restaurateur and food expert, based in London. He was called "the godfather of Italian gastronomy", with a career of more than 50 years. He is perhaps best remembered for his television appearances, including his partnership with fellow Italian chef Gennaro Contaldo, and their BBC Two television series Two Greedy Italians.
Joseph Estrada, Filipino politician, 13th President of the Philippines
Joseph Ejercito Estrada, also known by the nickname Erap, is a Filipino politician and former actor who served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 until his removal from office in 2001. He served as the 14th Mayor of San Juan from 1969 to 1986, the ninth vice president under Fidel V. Ramos from 1992 to 1998, and the 26th Mayor of Manila from 2013 to 2019. His presidency was the third-shortest in Philippine history, after Emilio Aguinaldo and Sergio Osmeña.
19/04/1936
Wilfried Martens, Belgian politician, 60th Prime Minister of Belgium (died 2013)
Wilfried Achiel Emma Martens was a Belgian politician who served as prime minister of Belgium from 1979 to 1992, except from April to December 1981. A member of the Flemish Christian People's Party, during his premiership he oversaw the transformation of Belgium into a federal state. He was one of the founders of the European People's Party.
19/04/1935
Dudley Moore, English actor, comedian, and pianist (died 2002)
Dudley Stuart John Moore was an English actor, comedian, musician and composer. He first came to prominence in the UK as a leading figure in the British satire boom of the 1960s. He was one of the four writer-performers in the groundbreaking satirical comedy revue Beyond the Fringe from 1960 to 1964. With another member of that team, Peter Cook, Moore collaborated on the BBC television series Not Only... But Also from 1965 to 1970. In their popular double act, Moore's buffoonery contrasted with Cook's deadpan monologues. They jointly received the 1966 British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance and worked together on other projects, such as the hit film Bedazzled (1967) and the Derek and Clive series of comedy albums. Moore and Cook ceased working together regularly after 1978, by which time Moore had settled in Los Angeles, California, to concentrate on his film career.
19/04/1933
Dickie Bird, English cricketer and umpire (died 2025)
Harold Dennis "Dickie" Bird was an English cricketer and international cricket umpire. During his long umpiring career, he became a well regarded figure among players and the viewing public, not only due to his high standards as an umpire but also for humour and eccentricity.
Jayne Mansfield, American model and actress (died 1967)
Jayne Mansfield was an American actress, Playboy Playmate, and singer. Mansfield was a sex symbol of the 1950s and early 1960s, and was known for her numerous publicity stunts, her buxom figure, and her personal life. She gained a reputation as Hollywood's "smartest dumb blonde".
19/04/1932
Fernando Botero, Colombian painter and sculptor (died 2023)
Fernando Botero Angulo was a Colombian figurative artist and sculptor. His signature style, also known as "Boterismo", depicts people and figures in large, exaggerated volume, which can represent political criticism or humor, depending on the piece. He was considered the most recognized and quoted artist from Latin America in his lifetime, and his art can be found in highly visible places around the world, such as Park Avenue in New York City and the Champs-Élysées in Paris, at different times.
19/04/1931
Walter Stewart, Canadian journalist and author (died 2004)
Walter Douglas Stewart was an outspoken Canadian writer, editor and journalism educator, a veteran of newspapers and magazines and author of more than twenty books, several of them bestsellers. The Globe and Mail reported news of his death with the headline: "He was Canada's conscience."
19/04/1928
John Horlock, English engineer and academic (died 2015)
Sir John Harold Horlock FRS FREng was a British professor of mechanical engineering, and was vice-chancellor of both the Open University and the University of Salford, as well as vice-president of the Royal Society. In 1977, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Azlan Shah of Perak, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (died 2014)
Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yussuff Izzuddin Shah Ghafarullahu-lah was Sultan of Perak from 1984 until his death in 2014, the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, from 1989 to 1994, and the 5th Lord President of the Supreme Court, from 1982 to 1984.
Richard Garwin, American physicist (died 2025)
Richard Lawrence Garwin was an American physicist and government advisor, best known as the author of the first hydrogen bomb design.
Alexis Korner, British blues musician and radio broadcaster (died 1984)
Alexis Andrew Nicholas Koerner, known professionally as Alexis Korner, was a British blues musician and radio broadcaster, who has sometimes been referred to as "a founding father of British blues". A major influence on the sound of the British music scene in the 1960s, he was instrumental in the formation of several notable British bands including the Rolling Stones and Free. Korner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the musical influence category in 2024.
19/04/1927
Cora Sue Collins, American child actress (died 2025)
Cora Susan Collins was an American former child actress who appeared in films during the Golden Years of Hollywood. Although she did not make the transition to a film career in adulthood, she appeared in 47 films in total.
19/04/1925
Hugh O'Brian, American actor (died 2016)
Hugh O'Brian was an American actor and humanitarian who starred in the ABC Western television series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp (1955–1961) and the NBC action television series Search (1972–1973). His notable films included the adaptation of Agatha Christie's Ten Little Indians (1965); he also had a notable supporting role in John Wayne's last film, The Shootist (1976).
19/04/1922
Erich Hartmann, German colonel and pilot (died 1993)
Erich Alfred Hartmann, nicknamed Bubi, was a German fighter pilot during World War II and the most successful fighter ace in the history of aerial warfare. He flew 1,404 combat missions and participated in aerial combat on 825 separate occasions. He was credited with shooting down a total of 352 Allied aircraft: 345 Soviet and 7 American while serving with the Luftwaffe. During his career, Hartmann was forced to crash-land his fighter 16 times after either mechanical failure or damage received from parts of enemy aircraft he had shot down; he was never shot down by direct enemy action.
19/04/1921
Anna Lee Aldred, American jockey (died 2006)
Anna Lee Aldred was an American jockey and trick rider in rodeos. She was the first woman in the United States to receive a jockey's license. She pursued her professional horse racing career from 1939 to 1945, winning many races at state and county fairs. She then pursued a second career as a trick rider from 1945 to 1950. She was inducted into the National Cowgirl Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2004.
Leon Henkin, American logician (died 2006)
Leon Albert Henkin was an American logician, whose works played a strong role in the development of logic, particularly in the theory of types. He was an active scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, where he made great contributions as a researcher and teacher, as well as in administrative positions. At this university he directed, together with Alfred Tarski, the Group in Logic and the Methodology of Science, from which many important logicians and philosophers emerged. He had a strong sense of social commitment and was a passionate defender of his pacifist and progressive ideas. He took part in many social projects aimed at teaching mathematics, as well as projects aimed at supporting women's and minority groups to pursue careers in mathematics and related fields. A lover of dance and literature, he appreciated life in all its facets: art, culture, science and, above all, the warmth of human relations. He is remembered by his students for his great kindness, as well as for his academic and teaching excellence.
Roberto Tucci, Italian Jesuit leader, cardinal, and theologian (died 2015)
Roberto Tucci, SJ was an Italian Catholic theologian, journalist, and Jesuit priest. He played an important role at the Second Vatican Council and organized foreign trips taken by Pope John Paul II. He was made a cardinal in 2001, and continued to prefer being addressed as "Padre Tucci".
19/04/1920
Marvin Mandel, American lawyer and politician, 56th Governor of Maryland (died 2015)
Marvin Mandel was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 56th Governor of Maryland from January 7, 1969, to January 17, 1979, including a one-and-a-half-year period when Lt. Governor Blair Lee III served as the state's acting Governor from June 1977 to January 15, 1979 while Mandel was in federal prison for mail fraud and racketeering. He was a member of the Democratic Party, as well as Maryland's first, and to date, only Jewish governor.
Julien Ries, Belgian cardinal (died 2013)
Julien Ries was a Belgian religious historian, titular archbishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church. Prior to his death, Ries was described as "the greatest living religious scholar".
Ragnar Ulstein, Norwegian journalist and war historian (died 2019)
Ragnar Leif Ulstein MM was a Norwegian journalist, writer and resistance member. He wrote several documentary books from the Second World War, including surveys of the SOE group Norwegian Independent Company 1, volunteers sailing from Norway to Scotland, refugee traffic from Norway to Sweden, and military intelligence in Norway.
19/04/1917
Sven Hassel, Danish-German soldier and author (died 2012)
Sven Hassel was the pen name of the Danish-born Børge Willy Redsted Pedersen known for his bestselling novels about German soldiers fighting in World War II. In Denmark he used the pen name Sven Hazel. He is one of the bestselling Danish authors, possibly second only to Hans Christian Andersen.
19/04/1913
Ken Carpenter, American discus thrower and coach (died 1984)
William Kenneth Carpenter was an American discus thrower. He won the NCAA and AAU titles in 1935 and 1936, becoming the first two-time NCAA champion in a weight throw event from the University of Southern California (USC). In 1936 Carpenter won an Olympic gold medal, and between 1936 and 1940 held the American record in the discus.
19/04/1912
Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1999)
Glenn Theodore Seaborg was an American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, discovery and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned him a share of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His work in this area also led to his development of the actinide concept and the arrangement of the actinide series in the periodic table of the elements.
19/04/1908
Irena Eichlerówna, Polish actress (died 1990)
Irena Eichlerówna was a Polish actress. She was considered to be "Poland's Eleonora Duse".
19/04/1903
Eliot Ness, American law enforcement agent (died 1957)
Eliot Ness was an American Prohibition agent known for his efforts to bring down Al Capone while enforcing Prohibition in Chicago. He was leader of a team of law enforcement agents nicknamed The Untouchables, handpicked for their incorruptibility. The release of his memoir The Untouchables, months after his death, launched several screen portrayals establishing a posthumous fame for Ness as an incorruptible crime fighter.
19/04/1902
Veniamin Kaverin, Russian author and screenwriter (died 1989)
Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin was a Soviet and Russian writer, dramatist and screenwriter associated with the early 1920s movement of the Serapion Brothers.
19/04/1900
Iracema de Alencar, Brazilian film actress (died 1978)
Iracema de Alencar was a Brazilian actress. She made her debut as the lead in the 1917 silent film Iracema. After working in theatre for many years she appeared in several other films, much later in her career. She was a beloved actor, and inspired many throughout her entire profession.
Richard Hughes, English author, poet, and playwright (died 1976)
Richard Arthur Warren Hughes was a writer of poems, short stories, novels and plays.
Roland Michener, Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Governor General of Canada (died 1991)
Daniel Roland Michener was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as the 20th governor general of Canada from 1967 to 1974.
Rhea Silberta, American Yiddish songwriter and singing teacher (died 1959)
Rhea Silberstein, known professionally as Rhea Silberta, was a Yiddish song composer and teacher of singing.
19/04/1899
George O'Brien, American actor (died 1985)
George O'Brien was an American actor, popular during the silent film era and into the sound film era of the 1930s. He is best known today as the lead actor in F. W. Murnau's 1927 Academy Award-winning film Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans. O'Brien also starred in a number of Westerns in the 1930s and 1940s, including roles in 14 films under director David Howard and 10 with acclaimed filmmaker John Ford.
Cemal Tollu, Turkish lieutenant and painter (died 1968)
Cemal Tollu was a Turkish painter. He served in the Turkish War of Independence as a cavalry lieutenant. and witnessed the Fire of Manisa. In 1933 he founded the "D Group" with several other painters who were devoted to Cubism and Constructivism. In his later life he was to teach at the Fine Arts Academy of Istanbul until 1965.
19/04/1898
Constance Talmadge, American actress and producer (died 1973)
Constance Alice Talmadge was an American silent film star. She was the sister of actresses Norma and Natalie Talmadge.
19/04/1897
Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman and philanthropist (died 1970)
Chevalier Peter Bertram Cypriano Castellino de Noronha was a businessman and civil servant of Kanpur, India. He was knighted by Pope Paul VI in 1965 for his work for the Christian community in India.
Jiroemon Kimura, Japanese super-centenarian, oldest verified man ever (died 2013)
Jiroemon Kimura was a Japanese supercentenarian who was the verified oldest living person between Dina Manfredini's death on 17 December 2012 and his own death at age 116 years and 54 days on 12 June 2013. Kimura became the oldest verified living man in the world on 25 September 2011 at the age of 114, upon the death of Peru's Horacio Celi Mendoza, and later also the oldest man in history whose lifespan is verified on 28 December 2012, when he surpassed the age of Christian Mortensen (1882–1998). He is the only verified man who has lived to age 116, and one of only six men known to be the oldest living person.
19/04/1894
Elizabeth Dilling, American author and activist (died 1966)
Elizabeth Eloise Kirkpatrick Dilling was an American writer and political activist. In 1934, she published The Red Network—A Who's Who and Handbook of Radicalism for Patriots, which catalogs over 1,300 people Dilling stated were suspected communists or fellow travelers. Her books and lecture tours established her as the pre-eminent female right-wing activist of the 1930s, and one of the most outspoken critics of the New Deal, which she referred to as the "Jew Deal". In the mid-to-late 1930s, Dilling praised Nazi Germany.
19/04/1892
Germaine Tailleferre, French composer and educator (died 1983)
Marcelle Germaine Tailleferre was a French composer and the only female member of the group of composers known as Les Six.
19/04/1891
Françoise Rosay, French actress (died 1974)
Françoise Rosay was a French opera singer, diseuse, and actress who enjoyed a film career of over sixty years and who became a legendary figure in French cinema. She went on to appear in over 100 movies in her career.
19/04/1889
Otto Georg Thierack, German jurist and politician (died 1946)
Otto Georg Thierack was a German Nazi jurist and politician.
19/04/1885
Karl Tarvas, Estonian architect (died 1975)
Karl Tarvas was an Estonian architect. Karl Tarvas graduated as an architect from Riga Polytechnic Institute in 1915.
19/04/1883
Henry Jameson, American soccer player (died 1938)
Henry Wood Jameson was an American amateur soccer player who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri and died in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1904 he was a member of the St. Rose Parish team, which won the bronze medal in the soccer tournament. He played all four matches as a defender.
Richard von Mises, Austrian-American mathematician and physicist (died 1953)
Richard Martin Edler von Mises was an Austrian scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory. He held the position of Gordon McKay Professor of Aerodynamics and Applied Mathematics at Harvard University. He described his work in his own words shortly before his death as:practical analysis, integral and differential equations, mechanics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics, constructive geometry, probability calculus, statistics and philosophy.
19/04/1882
Getúlio Vargas, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 14th President of Brazil (died 1954)
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas was a Brazilian military officer, lawyer, and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Due to his long and controversial tenure as Brazil's provisional, constitutional, dictatorial and democratic leader, he is considered by historians as the most influential Brazilian politician of the 20th century.
19/04/1879
Arthur Robertson, Scottish runner (died 1957)
Arthur James Robertson was a British runner who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. He won the gold medal in the 3-mile team race and a silver in the steeplechase.
19/04/1877
Ole Evinrude, Norwegian-American engineer, invented the outboard motor (died 1934)
Ole Evinrude, born Ole Andreassen Aaslundeie was an American entrepreneur, known for the invention of the first outboard motor with practical commercial application.
19/04/1874
Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (died 1952)
Ernst Rüdin was a Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, eugenicist and Nazi, rising to prominence under Emil Kraepelin and assuming the directorship at the German Institute for Psychiatric Research in Munich. While he has been credited as a pioneer of psychiatric inheritance studies, he also argued for, designed, justified and funded the mass sterilization and clinical killing of adults and children.
19/04/1873
Sydney Barnes, English cricketer (died 1967)
Sydney Francis Barnes was an English professional cricketer who is regarded as one of the greatest bowlers of all time. He was right-handed and bowled at a pace that varied from medium to fast-medium with the ability to make the ball both swing and break from off or leg. In Test cricket, Barnes played for England in 27 matches from 1901 to 1914, taking 189 wickets at 16.43, one of the lowest Test bowling averages ever achieved. In 1911–12, he helped England to win the Ashes when he took 34 wickets in the series against Australia. In 1913–14, his final Test series, he took a world record 49 wickets in a Test series, against South Africa.
19/04/1872
Alice Salomon, German social reformer (died 1948)
Alice Salomon was a German social reformer and pioneer of social work as an academic discipline. Her role was so important to German social work that the Deutsche Bundespost issued a commemorative postage stamp about her in 1989. A university, a park and a square in Berlin are all named after her.
19/04/1863
Hemmo Kallio, Finnish actor (died 1940)
Herman "Hemmo" Kallio was a Finnish stage and film actor and playwright.
19/04/1861
Amalie Andersen, Norwegian actress (died 1924)
Tilda Amalie Andersen was a Norwegian actress.
19/04/1835
Julius Krohn, Finnish poet and journalist (died 1888)
Julius Leopold Fredrik Krohn was a Finnish folk poetry researcher, professor of Finnish literature, poet, hymn writer, translator and journalist. He was born in Viipuri and was of Baltic German origin. Krohn worked as a lecturer on Finnish language in Helsinki University from the year 1875 and as a supernumerary professor from 1885. He was one of the most notable researchers into Finnish folk poetry in the 19th century. His native language was German.
19/04/1832
José Echegaray, Spanish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1916)
José Echegaray y Eizaguirre was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, statesman, and one of the leading Spanish dramatists of the last quarter of the 19th century. He was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama".
19/04/1831
Mary Louise Booth, American writer, editor and translator (died 1889)
Mary Louise Booth was an American editor, translator, and writer. She was the first editor-in-chief of the women's fashion magazine Harper's Bazaar.
19/04/1814
Louis Amédée Achard, French journalist and author (died 1875)
Louis Amédée Eugène Achard was a prolific French novelist.
19/04/1806
Sarah Bagley, American labor organizer (died 1889)
Sarah George Bagley was an American labor leader in New England during the 1840s; an advocate of shorter workdays for factory operatives and mechanics, she campaigned to make ten hours of labor per day the maximum in Massachusetts.
19/04/1793
Ferdinand I of Austria (died 1875)
Ferdinand I was Emperor of Austria from March 1835 until his abdication in December 1848. He was also King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia, King of Lombardy–Venetia and holder of other lesser titles. Due to his passive but well-intentioned character, he gained the sobriquet The Benign or The Benevolent.
19/04/1787
Deaf Smith, American soldier (died 1837)
Erastus "Deaf" Smith, who earned his nickname due to hearing loss in childhood, was an American frontiersman noted for his part in the Texas Revolution and the Army of the Republic of Texas. He fought in the Grass Fight and the Battle of San Jacinto. After the war, Deaf Smith led a company of Texas Rangers.
19/04/1785
Alexandre Pierre François Boëly, French pianist and composer (died 1858)
Alexandre Pierre-François Boëly was a French composer, organist, pianist, and violist.
19/04/1758
William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk, Scottish admiral (died 1831)
Admiral William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk, was a Royal Navy officer who served in the American Revolutionary War and French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. While in command of HMS Monmouth he was caught in the Nore Mutiny of 1797 and was the officer selected to relay the demands of the mutineers to George III. He most notably served as third-in-command of the Mediterranean Fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar in HMS Britannia. He later became Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom and Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth.
19/04/1757
Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, English admiral and politician (died 1833)
Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He fought during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Israel Pellew also pursued a naval career.
19/04/1734
Karl von Ordóñez, Austrian violinist and composer (died 1786)
Johann Karl Rochus Ordonez, also known as Carlo d'Ordonez, was one of a number of composers working in Vienna during the second half of the eighteenth century. Ordonez was not a full-time professional musician. Most of his working life was spent in the employment of the Lower Austrian Regional Court and his musical activities were pursued in his spare time.
19/04/1721
Roger Sherman, American lawyer and politician (died 1793)
Roger Sherman was an early American politician, lawyer, and a Founding Father of the United States. Representing Connecticut, he is the only person to sign all four great state papers of the United States: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. He also signed the 1774 Petition to the King.
19/04/1715
James Nares, English organist and composer (died 1783)
James Nares was an English composer of mostly sacred vocal works, though he also composed for the harpsichord and organ.
19/04/1686
Vasily Tatishchev, Russian ethnographer and politician (died 1750)
Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev was a Russian statesman, historian, philosopher, and ethnographer. He is known as the author of a book on Russian history titled The History of Russia, posthumously published in 1767. He also founded three cities in the Russian Empire: Stavropol-on-Volga, Yekaterinburg, and Perm.
19/04/1665
Jacques Lelong, French author (died 1721)
Jacques Lelong was a French bibliographer born in Paris. He joined the Knights of Malta at the age of ten, but later joined the Oratorians.
19/04/1658
Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, German husband of Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria (died 1716)
John William, Elector Palatine of the Wittelsbach dynasty was Elector Palatine (1690–1716), Duke of Neuburg (1690–1716), Duke of Jülich and Berg (1679–1716), and Duke of Upper Palatinate and Cham (1707–1714). From 1697 onwards Johann Wilhelm was also Count of Megen.
19/04/1655
George St Lo(e), Royal Navy officer and administrator (died 1718)
George St Lo was a British naval officer and politician.
19/04/1633
Willem Drost, Dutch painter (died 1659)
Willem Drost was a Dutch Golden Age painter and printmaker of history paintings and portraits.
19/04/1613
Christoph Bach, German musician (died 1661)
Christoph Bach was a German musician of the Baroque period. He was the grandfather of Johann Sebastian Bach.
19/04/1603
Michel Le Tellier, French politician, French Minister of Defence (died 1685)
Michel Le Tellier, marquis de Barbezieux, seigneur de Chaville et de Viroflay was a French statesman.
19/04/1593
Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet, English politician (died 1647)
Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet was an English politician and baronet.
19/04/1452
Frederick IV, King of Naples (died 1504)
Frederick, sometimes called Frederick IV or Frederick of Aragon, was the last King of Naples from the Neapolitan branch of the House of Trastámara, ruling from 1496 to 1501. He was the second son of Ferdinand I, younger brother of Alfonso II, and uncle of Ferdinand II, his predecessor.
Lives Remembered on 19th April
On 19th April, 89 remarkable people passed away — from 843 to 2026. Remember the lives and legacies of those we lost on this day.
19/04/2026
George Ariyoshi, American lawyer and politician, 3rd Governor of Hawaii (born 1926)
George Ryoichi Ariyoshi was an American lawyer and politician who served as the third governor of Hawaii from 1974 to 1986. A Democrat, he was Hawaii's longest-serving governor and the first American of Asian descent to serve as governor of a U.S. state. He assumed gubernatorial powers and duties when Governor John A. Burns was declared incapacitated in October 1973 and was elected in 1974, becoming the first Asian-American to be elected governor of a U.S. state or territory. His lengthy tenure of over 13 years is a record likely to remain unbroken due to term limits enacted after he left office.
19/04/2024
Daniel Dennett, American philosopher and author (born 1942)
Daniel Clement Dennett III was an American philosopher and cognitive scientist. His research centered on philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science.
19/04/2023
Moonbin, South Korean singer and actor (born 1998)
Moon Bin, also known professionally as Moonbin, was a South Korean singer, actor, and dancer under the label Fantagio. He was a member of the South Korean boy group Astro and its sub-unit Moonbin & Sanha.
Ron Hamilton, American musician (born 1950)
Ronald Allen Hamilton, also known as "Patch the Pirate", was an American Christian musician, composer, preacher, and radio personality. He was president and owner of Majesty Music, a Christian music publisher, and the creator of the Patch the Pirate Adventure series. Hamilton became affectionately known as "Patch the Pirate" when he began wearing an eye patch after losing his left eye to cancer in 1978. He published hundreds of songs and hymns and wrote numerous cantatas, plays, and children's stories.
19/04/2022
Kane Tanaka, Japanese supercentenarian (born 1903)
Kane Tanaka was a Japanese supercentenarian who, until her death at the age of 119 years, 107 days, was the world's oldest verified living person, following the death of Chiyo Miyako on 22 July 2018. She is the oldest verified Japanese person and the second-oldest verified person ever, after Jeanne Calment.
19/04/2021
Walter Mondale, American politician, 42nd Vice President of the United States (born 1928)
Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale was an American politician who was the 42nd vice president of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 under President Jimmy Carter. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Minnesota in the United States Senate from 1964 to 1976, and was the Democratic nominee in the 1984 presidential election.
Jim Steinman, American composer, lyricist (born 1947)
James Richard Steinman was an American composer, lyricist and record producer. He also worked as an arranger, pianist, and singer. His work included songs in the adult contemporary, rock, dance, pop, musical theater, and film score genres. He wrote albums for Bonnie Tyler and Meat Loaf, including Bat Out of Hell, and also wrote and produced Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell and Tyler's Faster Than the Speed of Night.
19/04/2020
Ian Whitcomb, English singer-songwriter (born 1941)
Ian Timothy Whitcomb was an English entertainer, singer-songwriter, record producer, writer, broadcaster and actor. As part of the British Invasion, his hit song "You Turn Me On" reached number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1965.
19/04/2017
Lu Chao-Hsuan, Taiwanese guitarist, performer and educator. (born 1929)
Lu Chao-Hsuan Chinese: 吕昭炫; pinyin: Lǚ Zhāoxuàn was a guitar composer, performer and educator. He was born in Guishan District, Taoyuan and attended the 21st International Guitarist Symposium in Japan in 1962, where he performed “Hometown” and “Willow,” which later became his representative works. In 2000, he was appointed as an honorary consultant of the Taiwan Guitar Society and has become a highly representative figure in the field of guitar in Taiwan.
19/04/2016
Patricio Aylwin, Chilean politician (born 1918)
Patricio Aylwin Azócar was a Chilean politician, lawyer, author, professor and former senator who was the 30th president of Chile from 1990 to 1994. He was the first president to be elected after the end of Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship following the 1988 Chilean presidential referendum, marking the Chilean transition to democracy in 1990. He was from the Christian Democratic Party.
19/04/2015
Raymond Carr, English historian and academic (born 1919)
Sir Albert Raymond Maillard Carr was an English historian specialising in the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden. From 1968 to 1987, he was Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford.
Roy Mason, English miner and politician, Secretary of State for Defence (born 1924)
Roy Mason, Baron Mason of Barnsley,, was a British Labour Party politician and Cabinet minister who was Secretary of State for Defence and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in the 1970s.
19/04/2013
François Jacob, French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1920)
François Jacob was a French biologist. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Jacques Monod and André Lwoff "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis." He and Monod originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through regulation of transcription. For his work in the French Resistance, he received the Cross of Liberation, the Légion d'honneur and Croix de guerre.
Al Neuharth, American journalist, author, and publisher, founded USA Today (born 1924)
Allen Harold "Al" Neuharth was an American businessman, author, and columnist born in Eureka, South Dakota. He was the founder of USA Today, The Freedom Forum, and its Newseum.
19/04/2012
Levon Helm, American musician and actor (born 1940)
Mark Lavon "Levon" Helm was an American musician who achieved fame as the drummer and one of the three lead vocalists for The Band, for which he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. Helm was known for his deeply soulful, country-accented voice, multi-instrumental ability, and creative drumming style, highlighted on many of the Band's recordings, such as "The Weight", "Up on Cripple Creek", and "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down".
19/04/2011
Elisabeth Sladen, English actress (born 1946)
Elisabeth Clara Miller, known professionally as Elisabeth Sladen, was an English actress. She was best known for her recurring role as Sarah Jane Smith in Doctor Who from 1973 to 1976, alongside Jon Pertwee and Tom Baker, before reprising the role with David Tennant between 2006 and 2010 and in spin-offs K-9 and Company (1981) and The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007–2011).
19/04/2009
J. G. Ballard, English novelist, short story writer, and essayist (born 1930)
James Graham Ballard was an English novelist and short-story writer, satirist and essayist known for psychologically provocative works of fiction that explore the relations between human psychology, technology, sex and mass media. Ballard first became associated with New Wave science fiction for post-apocalyptic novels such as The Drowned World (1962). He later courted controversy with the short-story collection The Atrocity Exhibition (1970), which includes the 1968 story "Why I Want to Fuck Ronald Reagan", and later the novel Crash (1973), a story about car-crash fetishists.
19/04/2007
Jean-Pierre Cassel, French actor (born 1932)
Jean-Pierre Cassel was a French actor and dancer. A popular star of French cinema, he was initially known for his comedy film appearances, though he also proved a gifted dramatic actor, and accrued over 200 film and television credits in a career spanning over 50 years.
19/04/2006
Albert Scott Crossfield, American engineer, pilot, and astronaut (born 1921)
Albert Scott Crossfield was an American naval officer and test pilot. In 1953, he became the first pilot to fly at twice the speed of sound. Crossfield was the first of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the United States Air Force and NASA. He is the subject of a biography called "Always Another Dawn."
19/04/2004
Norris McWhirter, English author and activist co-founded the Guinness World Records (born 1925)
Norris Dewar McWhirter was a British writer, right-wing political activist, co-founder of The Freedom Association, and a television presenter. He and his twin brother Ross were known internationally for founding the reference book The Guinness Book of Records which they wrote and updated annually together between 1955 and 1975. After Ross's assassination by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), Norris carried on alone as editor.
John Maynard Smith, English biologist and geneticist (born 1920)
John Maynard Smith was a British theoretical and mathematical evolutionary biologist and geneticist. Originally an aeronautical engineer during the Second World War, he took a second degree in genetics under the biologist J. B. S. Haldane. Maynard Smith was instrumental in the application of game theory to evolution with George R. Price, and theorised on other problems such as the evolution of sex and signalling theory.
Jenny Pike, Canadian WWII servicewoman and photographer (born 1922)
Jenny Pike was a Canadian photographer and servicewoman. She worked in London during WWII, and was the only female photographer to help develop the first photos of the D-Day landings. After the war, she worked as a darkroom technician for the police in Victoria, British Columbia.
19/04/2002
Reginald Rose, American writer (born 1920)
Reginald Rose was an American playwright and screenwriter. He wrote about controversial social and political issues. His realistic approach was particularly influential in the anthology programs of the 1950s.
19/04/2000
Louis Applebaum, Canadian composer and conductor (born 1918)
Louis Applebaum was a Canadian film score composer, administrator, and conductor.
19/04/1999
Hermine Braunsteiner, Austrian-German SS officer (born 1919)
Hermine Braunsteiner Ryan was an Austrian SS Helferin and female camp guard at Ravensbrück and Majdanek concentration camps. She was the first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the United States to face trial in West Germany. Braunsteiner was known to prisoners of Majdanek concentration camp as "the Mare" because she was said to have kicked and stomped on prisoners, thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to be murdered in gas chambers, hanged young prisoners, and beaten prisoners to death.
19/04/1998
Octavio Paz, Mexican poet, philosopher, and academic Nobel Prize laureate (born 1914)
Octavio Paz Lozano was a Mexican philosopher, poet, and diplomat. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.
19/04/1993
David Koresh, American cult leader (born 1959)
David Koresh was an American cult leader and preacher who played a central role in the Waco siege of 1993. As the head of the Branch Davidians, a religious sect, Koresh claimed to be its final prophet. His apocalyptic Biblical teachings, including interpretations of the Book of Revelation and the Seven Seals, attracted various followers.
George S. Mickelson, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 28th Governor of South Dakota (born 1941)
George Speaker Mickelson was an American politician and Vietnam War veteran who served as the 28th governor of South Dakota from 1987 until his death in 1993 in a plane crash near Zwingle, Iowa.
19/04/1992
Frankie Howerd, English actor and screenwriter (born 1917)
Francis Alick Howard, better known by his stage-name Frankie Howerd, was an English actor and comedian.
19/04/1991
Stanley Hawes, English-Australian director and producer (born 1905)
Stanley Gilbert Hawes MBE, was a British-born documentary film producer and director who spent most of his career in Australia, though he commenced his career in England and Canada. He was born in London, England and died in Sydney, Australia. He is best known as the Producer-in-Chief (1946–1969) of the Australian Government's filmmaking body, which was named, in 1945, the Australian National Film Board, and then, in 1956, the Commonwealth Film Unit. In 1973, after he retired, it became Film Australia.
19/04/1989
Daphne du Maurier, English novelist and playwright (born 1907)
Dame Daphne du Maurier, Lady Browning, was an English novelist, biographer and playwright. Her parents were actor-manager Sir Gerald du Maurier and his wife, actress Muriel Beaumont. Her grandfather George du Maurier was a writer and cartoonist. Du Maurier spent much of her life in Cornwall, where most of her works are set. As her fame increased, she became more reclusive.
19/04/1988
Kwon Ki-ok, Korean pilot (born 1901)
Kwon Ki-ok was a Korean aviator. She is the first Korean female pilot and one of the first female pilots to fly in China. Her name in Chinese is Quan Jiyu. Kwon went into exile in China during the Japanese occupation of Korea and became a lieutenant colonel in the Republic of China's air force. She returned home after the liberation of Korea and became a founding member of the Republic of Korea Air Force.
19/04/1975
Percy Lavon Julian, American chemist and academic (born 1899)
Percy Lavon Julian was an American research chemist and a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants. Julian was the first person to synthesize the natural product physostigmine, and a pioneer in industrial large-scale chemical synthesis of the human hormones progesterone and testosterone from plant sterols such as stigmasterol and sitosterol. His work laid the foundation for the steroid drug industry's production of cortisone, other corticosteroids, and artificial hormones that led to birth control pills.
19/04/1971
Luigi Piotti, Italian race car driver (born 1913)
Luigi Piotti was a racing driver from Italy. He participated in nine Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on January 22, 1956. He scored no championship points.
19/04/1967
Konrad Adenauer, German politician, 1st Chancellor of Germany (born 1876)
Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer was a German statesman and politician who served as the first chancellor of West Germany from 1949 to 1963. From 1946 to 1966, he was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a newly founded Christian democratic party, which became the dominant force in the country under his leadership. Adenauer is considered one of the founding fathers of the European Union.
19/04/1966
Väinö Tanner, Finnish politician of Social Democratic Party of Finland; the Prime Minister of Finland (born 1881)
Väinö Alfred Tanner was a leading figure in the Social Democratic Party of Finland, and a pioneer and leader of the cooperative movement in Finland. He was Prime Minister of Finland in 1926–1927.
19/04/1961
Max Hainle, German swimmer (born 1882)
Max Otto Hainle was a German swimmer who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics. He was born in Dortmund. As a member of the German swimming team he won the gold medal at the Paris Games. He also competed in the 1000 metre freestyle event and finished fourth.
19/04/1960
Beardsley Ruml, American economist and statistician (born 1894)
Beardsley Ruml was an American statistician, economist, philanthropist, planner, businessman and man of affairs in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.
19/04/1955
Jim Corbett, British-Indian colonel, hunter, and author (born 1875)
Edward James Corbett was an Anglo-Indian hunter and author. He gained fame through hunting and killing several man-eating tigers and leopards in Northern India, as detailed in his bestselling 1944 memoir Man-Eaters of Kumaon. In his later years, he became an outspoken advocate of the nascent conservation movement.
19/04/1952
Steve Conway, British singer (born 1921)
Steve Conway was a British singer who rose to fame in the 1940s, following the end of the Second World War. Known for romantic ballads, he made dozens of recordings for EMI's Columbia label, appeared regularly on BBC Radio and toured the UK, before his career was cut short by his early death, aged 31, resulting from a heart condition. He has been described as "Britain's first post-war male heart-throb, a masculine equivalent of Vera Lynn in his sincerity and clear diction."
19/04/1950
Ernst Robert Curtius, French-German philologist and scholar (born 1886)
Ernst Robert Curtius was a German literary scholar, philologist, and Romance languages literary critic, best known for his 1948 study Europäische Literatur und Lateinisches Mittelalter, translated in English as European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages.
19/04/1949
Ulrich Salchow, Danish-Swedish figure skater (born 1877)
Karl Emil Julius Ulrich Salchow was a Danish-born Swedish figure skater, who dominated the sport in the first decade of the 20th century.
19/04/1941
Johanna Müller-Hermann, Austrian composer (born 1878)
Johanna Müller-Hermann was an Austrian composer and pedagogue.
19/04/1940
Jack McNeela, Irish Republican Army, died on hunger strike
Jack McNeela was an Irish republican and a senior member of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) from Ballycroy, County Mayo, Ireland. McNeela was one of 22 Irish republicans who died on hunger-strike. As a young man, McNeela was an athlete in County Mayo and participated in Gaelic games. He came from a family of four brothers and two sisters. His brother Paddy was also a leader in the IRA, holding the position of Quartermaster general in Dublin.
19/04/1937
Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, English cartographer and politician (born 1856)
William Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington,, known between 1895 and 1931 as Sir Martin Conway, was an English art critic, politician, cartographer and mountaineer, who made expeditions in Europe as well as in South America and Asia.
William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist and zoologist (born 1865)
William Morton Wheeler was an American entomologist, myrmecologist and professor at Harvard University.
19/04/1930
Georges-Casimir Dessaulles, Canadian businessman and politician (born 1827)
Georges-Casimir Dessaulles, was a Canadian businessman, statesman and senator. Dessaulles was one of the oldest serving politicians ever, only surpassed by Giovanni Battista Borea d'Olmo. Appointed to the Senate of Canada representing the Province of Quebec in 1907 at age 80, Dessaulles served for 23 years before dying at age 102.
19/04/1926
Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov, Russian-Swiss statistician and theorist (born 1874)
Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov or Tschuprov was a Russian statistician who worked on mathematical statistics, sample survey theory and demography.
19/04/1916
Ephraim Shay, American engineer, designed the Shay locomotive (born 1839)
Ephraim Shay was an American merchant, entrepreneur and self-taught railroad engineer who worked in the state of Michigan. He designed the Shay locomotive and patented the type. He licensed it for manufacture through what became known as Lima Locomotive Works in Ohio; from 1882 to 1892 some 300 locomotives of this type were sold.
19/04/1915
Thomas Playford, English-Australian politician, 17th Premier of South Australia (born 1837)
Thomas Playford was an Australian politician who served two terms as Premier of South Australia. He subsequently entered federal politics, serving as a Senator for South Australia from 1901 to 1906 and as Minister for Defence from 1905 to 1907.
19/04/1914
Charles Sanders Peirce, American mathematician and philosopher (born 1839)
Charles Sanders Peirce was an American scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism". According to philosopher Paul Weiss, writing in 1934, Peirce was "the most original and versatile of America's philosophers and America's greatest logician". Bertrand Russell wrote in 1959, "he was one of the most original minds of the later nineteenth century and certainly the greatest American thinker ever".
19/04/1909
Signe Rink, Greenland-born Danish writer and ethnologist (born 1836)
Nathalie Sophia Nielsine Caroline Rink was a Danish writer and ethnologist. Together with her husband Hinrich, she founded Greenland's first newspaper, Atuagagdliutit, in 1861. She is credited as being the first woman to publish works on Greenland and its culture.
19/04/1906
Pierre Curie, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1859)
Pierre Curie was a French physicist and chemist, and a pioneer in crystallography and magnetism. He shared one half of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Curie, for their work on radioactivity. With their win, the Curies became the first married couple to win a Nobel Prize, launching the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes.
Spencer Gore, English tennis player and cricketer (born 1850)
Spencer William Gore was an English tennis player who won the first Wimbledon tournament in 1877 and a first-class cricketer who played for Surrey County Cricket Club (1874–1875).
19/04/1903
Oliver Mowat, Canadian politician, third Premier of Ontario, eighth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (born 1820)
Sir Oliver Mowat was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and Ontario Liberal Party leader. He served for nearly 24 years as the third premier of Ontario. He was the eighth lieutenant governor of Ontario and one of the Fathers of Confederation. He is best known for defending successfully the constitutional rights of the provinces in the face of the centralizing tendency of the national government as represented by his longtime Conservative adversary, John A. Macdonald. This longevity and power was due to his manoeuvring to build a political base around Liberals, Catholics, trade unions, and anti-French-Canadian sentiment.
19/04/1901
Alfred Horatio Belo, American publisher, founded The Dallas Morning News (born 1839)
Alfred Horatio Belo was the founder of The Dallas Morning News newspaper in Dallas, Texas, along with business partner George Bannerman Dealey. The company A. H. Belo Corporation, owner of The Dallas Morning News, was named in his honor.
19/04/1893
Martin Körber, Estonian-German pastor, composer, and conductor (born 1817)
Martin Georg Emil Körber was a Baltic German pastor, composer, writer and choir leader.
19/04/1882
Charles Darwin, English biologist and theorist (born 1809)
Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor is now generally accepted and considered a fundamental scientific concept. In a joint presentation with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history and was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey.
19/04/1881
Benjamin Disraeli, English journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1804)
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, was a British statesman, Conservative politician and writer who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He played a central role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party, defining its policies and its broad outreach. Disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs, his political battles with the Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone, and his one-nation conservatism or "Tory democracy". He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the British Empire and military action to expand it, both of which were popular among British voters. He is the only British prime minister to have been born Jewish.
19/04/1854
Robert Jameson, Scottish mineralogist and academic (born 1774)
Robert Jameson FRS FRSE was a Scottish naturalist and mineralogist.
19/04/1840
Jean-Jacques Lartigue, Canadian bishop (born 1777)
Jean-Jacques Lartigue, S.S., was a Canadian Sulpician, who served as the first Catholic Bishop of Montreal.
19/04/1833
James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier, Bahamian-English admiral and politician, 36th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (born 1756)
Admiral of the Fleet James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier, was a Royal Navy officer and colonial administrator. After seeing action at the capture of Charleston during the American Revolutionary War, he saw action again, as captain of the third-rate HMS Defence, at the battle of the Glorious First of June in 1794, during the French Revolutionary Wars, gaining the distinction of commanding the first ship to break through the enemy line.
19/04/1831
Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger, German astronomer and mathematician (born 1765)
Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger was a German astronomer born at Simmozheim, Württemberg. He studied at the University of Tübingen. In 1798, he was appointed professor of mathematics and astronomy at the university.
19/04/1824
Lord Byron, English-Scottish poet and playwright (born 1788)
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, was a British poet. He was one of the major figures of the Romantic movement, and is regarded as being among the greatest British poets. Among his best-known works are the lengthy narratives Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage; many of his shorter lyrics in Hebrew Melodies also became popular.
19/04/1813
Benjamin Rush, American physician and educator (born 1745)
Benjamin Rush was an American revolutionary, a Founding Father of the United States and signatory to the U.S. Declaration of Independence, and a civic leader in Philadelphia, where he was a physician, politician, social reformer, humanitarian, educator, and the founder of Dickinson College. Rush was a Pennsylvania delegate to the Continental Congress. He later described his efforts in support of the American Revolution, saying: "He aimed well." He served as Surgeon General of the Middle Department of the Continental Army and became a professor of chemistry, medical theory, and clinical practice at the University of Pennsylvania.
19/04/1791
Richard Price, Welsh-English preacher and philosopher (born 1723)
Richard Price was a British moral philosopher, Nonconformist minister and mathematician. He was also a political reformer and pamphleteer, active in radical, republican, and liberal causes such as the French and American Revolutions. He was well-connected and fostered communication between many people, including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, Mirabeau and the Marquis de Condorcet. According to the historian John Davies, Price was "the greatest Welsh thinker of all time".
19/04/1776
Jacob Emden, German rabbi and author (born 1697)
Jacob Emden, also known as the Yaʿavetz, was a leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed traditional Judaism in the face of the growing influence of the Sabbatean movement. He was widely acclaimed for his extensive knowledge.
19/04/1768
Canaletto, Italian painter and etcher (born 1697)
Giovanni Antonio Canal, commonly known as Canaletto, was an Italian painter from the Republic of Venice, considered an important member of the 18th-century Venetian school.
19/04/1739
Nicholas Saunderson, English mathematician and academic (born 1682)
Nicholas Saunderson was a blind English scientist and mathematician. According to one historian of statistics, he may have been the earliest discoverer of Bayes' theorem. He worked as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a post also held by Isaac Newton, Charles Babbage and Stephen Hawking.
19/04/1733
Elizabeth Hamilton, countess of Orkney (born 1657)
Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Orkney was an English courtier from the Villiers family and the reputed mistress of William III, King of England and Scotland, from 1680 until 1695. She was a lady-in-waiting to his wife and co-monarch, Queen Mary II of England.
19/04/1689
Christina, queen of Sweden (born 1626)
Christina, a member of the House of Vasa, was Queen of Sweden from 1632 until her abdication in 1654. Her conversion to Catholicism and refusal to marry led her to relinquish her throne and move to Rome.
19/04/1686
Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Spanish historian and playwright (born 1610)
Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra was a Spanish dramatist and historian. His work includes drama, poetry, and prose, and he has been considered one of the last great writers of Spanish Baroque literature.
19/04/1629
Sigismondo d'India, Italian composer (born 1582)
Sigismondo d'India was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras. He was one of the most accomplished contemporaries of Monteverdi, and wrote music in many of the same forms as the more famous composer.
19/04/1619
Jagat Gosain, Mughal empress (born 1573)
Manavati Bai, also spelled as Manvati Bai,, better known by her title, Jagat Gosain, was the second wife and the empress consort of the fourth Mughal emperor Jahangir and the mother of his successor, Shah Jahan.
19/04/1618
Thomas Bastard, English priest and author (born 1566)
The Reverend Thomas Bastard was an English clergyman famed for his published English language epigrams.
19/04/1608
Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset, English poet, playwright, and politician, Lord High Treasurer (born 1536)
Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset was an English statesman, poet, and dramatist. He was the son of Richard Sackville, a cousin to Anne Boleyn. He was a Member of Parliament and Lord High Treasurer.
19/04/1588
Paolo Veronese, Italian painter (born 1528)
Paolo Caliari, known as Paolo Veronese, was an Italian Renaissance painter based in Venice, known for extremely large history paintings of religion and mythology, such as The Wedding at Cana (1563) and The Feast in the House of Levi (1573). Included with Titian, a generation older, and Tintoretto, a decade senior, Veronese is one of the "great trio that dominated Venetian painting of the cinquecento" and the Late Renaissance in the 16th century. Known as a supreme colorist, and after an early period with Mannerism, Paolo Veronese developed a naturalist style of painting, influenced by Titian.
19/04/1578
Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (born 1530)
Nagao Kagetora , later known as Uesugi Kenshin , was a Japanese daimyō (magnate). He was born in Nagao clan, and after adoption into the Uesugi clan, ruled Echigo Province in the Sengoku period of Japan. He was one of the most powerful daimyō of the Sengoku period. Known as the "Dragon of Echigo", while chiefly remembered for his prowess on the battlefield as a military genius and war hero, Kenshin is also regarded as an extremely skillful administrator who fostered the growth of local industries and trade, as his rule saw a marked rise in the standard of living of Echigo.
19/04/1567
Michael Stifel, German monk and mathematician (born 1487)
Michael Stifel or Styfel was a German monk, Protestant reformer and mathematician. He was an Augustinian who became an early supporter of Martin Luther. He was later appointed professor of mathematics at Jena University.
19/04/1560
Philip Melanchthon, German theologian and reformer (born 1497)
Philip Melanchthon was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, an intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and influential designer of educational systems. Along with Luther and John Calvin, he played a major role in shaping Protestantism.
19/04/1431
Adolph III, count of Waldeck (born 1362)
Adolph III, Count of Waldeck was Count of Waldeck-Landau from 1397 until his death. He was the founder of the elder Waldeck-Landau line.
19/04/1405
Thomas West, 1st Baron West, English nobleman (born 1335)
Thomas West, 1st Baron West was an English nobleman and member of parliament.
19/04/1390
Robert II, king of Scotland (born 1316)
Robert II was King of Scots from 1371 to his death in 1390. The son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and Marjorie, daughter of King Robert the Bruce, he was named Robert Stewart. Upon the death of his uncle David II, Robert succeeded to the throne as the first monarch of the House of Stuart.
19/04/1321
Gerasimus I, patriarch of Constantinople
Gerasimus I of Constantinople was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1320 to 1321.
19/04/1054
Leo IX, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1002)
Pope Leo IX was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054. Leo IX is considered to be one of the most historically significant popes of the Middle Ages; he was instrumental in the precipitation of the Great Schism of 1054, considered the turning point in which the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches formally separated.
19/04/1044
Gothelo I, duke of Lorraine
Gothelo, called the Great, was the duke of Lower Lorraine from 1023 and of Upper Lorraine from 1033. He was also the margrave of Antwerp from 1005 and count of Verdun. Gothelo was the youngest son of Godfrey I, Count of Verdun, and Matilda, daughter of Herman, Duke of Saxony. On his father's death, he received the march of Antwerp and became a vassal of his brother, Godfrey II, who became duke of Lower Lorraine in 1012. Gothelo succeeded his brother in 1023 with the support of the Emperor Henry II, but was opposed until Conrad II forced the rebels to submit in 1025. When the House of Bar, which ruled in Upper Lorraine, became extinct in 1033, with the death of his cousin Frederick II, Conrad made Gothelo duke of both duchies, so that he could assist in the defence of the territory against Odo II, count of Blois, Meaux, Chartres and Troyes. It was during this time 1033-1034, that Gothelo clashed with Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, concerning the march of Ename.
19/04/1013
Hisham II, Umayyad caliph of Córdoba (born 966)
Hisham II or Abu'l-Walid Hisham II al-Mu'ayyad bi-llah was the third Umayyad Caliph of Spain, in Al-Andalus from 976 to 1009, and from 1010 to 1013.
19/04/1012
Ælfheah of Canterbury, English archbishop and saint (born 954)
Ælfheah, more commonly known today as Alphege, was an Anglo-Saxon Bishop of Winchester, later Archbishop of Canterbury from 1006 to 1012. He became an anchorite before being elected abbot of Bath Abbey. His reputation for piety and sanctity led to his promotion to the episcopate and, eventually, to his becoming archbishop. Ælfheah furthered the cult of Dunstan and also encouraged learning. He was captured by Viking raiders in 1011 during the siege of Canterbury and killed by them the following year after refusing to allow himself to be ransomed. Ælfheah was canonised as a saint in 1078. Thomas Becket, a later Archbishop of Canterbury, prayed to Ælfheah just before his murder in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170.
19/04/0843
Judith of Bavaria, Frankish empress
Judith of Bavaria was the Carolingian empress as the second wife of Louis the Pious. Marriage to Louis marked the beginning of her rise as an influential figure in the Carolingian court. She had two children with Louis, Gisela and Charles the Bald. The birth of her son led to a major dispute over the imperial succession, and tensions between her and Charles' half-brothers from Louis' first marriage. She eventually fell from grace when Charles' wife, Ermentrude of Orléans, rose to power. She was buried in 843 in Tours.
Celebrations & Special Days Worldwide on 19th April
Christian feast day: Ælfheah of Canterbury (Anglican, Catholic, Orthodox)
Ælfheah, more commonly known today as Alphege, was an Anglo-Saxon Bishop of Winchester, later Archbishop of Canterbury from 1006 to 1012. He became an anchorite before being elected abbot of Bath Abbey. His reputation for piety and sanctity led to his promotion to the episcopate and, eventually, to his becoming archbishop. Ælfheah furthered the cult of Dunstan and also encouraged learning. He was captured by Viking raiders in 1011 during the siege of Canterbury and killed by them the following year after refusing to allow himself to be ransomed. Ælfheah was canonised as a saint in 1078. Thomas Becket, a later Archbishop of Canterbury, prayed to Ælfheah just before his murder in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170.
Christian feast day: Conrad of Ascoli
Conrad of Ascoli was an Italian Friar Minor and missionary; his feast day is April 19.
Christian feast day: Emma of Lesum
Emma of Lesum or Emma of Stiepel was a countess popularly venerated as a saint for her good works. She was married to Liudger of Saxony. She is also the first female inhabitant of Bremen to be known by name.
Christian feast day: Expeditus
Expeditus, also known as Expedite, was said to have been a Roman centurion in Armenia who was martyred around April 303 in what is now Turkey, for converting to Christianity. Considered the patron saint of urgent causes, he is also known as the saint of time; he was commemorated by the Catholic Church on 19 April.
Christian feast day: George of Antioch
Saint George the Confessor, also known as Saint George of Antioch, was the Bishop of Antioch in Pisidia in the 8th century. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church, and his feast day is 19 April.
Christian feast day: Olaus and Laurentius Petri (Lutheran)
Olof Persson, sometimes Petersson, better known under the Latin form of his name, Olaus Petri, was a clergyman, writer, judge, and major contributor to the Protestant Reformation in Sweden. His brother, Laurentius Petri, became the first Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden.
Christian feast day: Pope Leo IX
Pope Leo IX was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054. Leo IX is considered to be one of the most historically significant popes of the Middle Ages; he was instrumental in the precipitation of the Great Schism of 1054, considered the turning point in which the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches formally separated.
Christian feast day: Ursmar
Ursmar of Lobbes was a missionary bishop in the Meuse and Ardennes region in present-day Belgium, Germany, Luxemburg and France. He was also the first abbot of Lobbes Abbey.
Christian feast day: April 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
April 18 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - April 20
What Happened on 19th April?
49 significant events took place on Wednesday, 19th April — stretching from 65 to 2021. Explore the moments that shaped history on this day.
19/04/2021
The Ingenuity helicopter becomes the first aircraft to achieve flight on another planet.
Ingenuity, nicknamed Ginny, is an autonomous helicopter that operated on Mars from 2021 to 2024 as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. Ingenuity made its first flight on 19 April 2021, demonstrating that flight is possible in the extremely thin atmosphere of Mars, and became the first aircraft to conduct a powered and controlled extraterrestrial flight. It was designed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in collaboration with AeroVironment, NASA's Ames Research Center and Langley Research Center with components supplied by Lockheed Martin Space, Qualcomm, and SolAero.
19/04/2020
A killing spree in Nova Scotia, Canada, leaves 22 people and the perpetrator dead, making it the deadliest rampage in the country's history.
On April 18 and 19, 2020, 51-year-old Gabriel Wortman committed multiple shootings and set fires at 16 locations in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, killing 22 people, and injuring three others before he was shot and killed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in the community of Enfield. The attacks are the deadliest shooting rampage in Canadian history.
19/04/2013
Boston Marathon bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar is later captured hiding in a boat inside a backyard in the suburb of Watertown.
The Boston Marathon bombing, sometimes referred to as simply the Boston bombing, was an Islamist domestic terrorist attack that took place during the 117th annual Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013. Brothers Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev planted two homemade pressure cooker bombs that detonated near the finish line of the race 14 seconds and 210 yards (190 m) apart. Three people were killed and hundreds injured, including 12 victims who lost limbs.
19/04/2011
Fidel Castro resigns as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba after holding the title since July 1961.
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was a Cuban politician and revolutionary who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as prime minister from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1965 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and socialist reforms were implemented throughout society.
19/04/2008
The Quito Ultratumba nightclub fire in Quito, Ecuador, kills 19 people and injures at least 24 more.
The Quito Ultratumba nightclub fire was a fire that occurred on April 19, 2008, at the Factory nightclub in Quito, Ecuador, during the gothic rock concert Ultratumba 2008. A pyrotechnics accident during the show by Vendimia ignited a fire leading to the entire building burning. Of the over 300 people present, between both musicians and attendees, nineteen were killed with at least twenty-four injured. Among the deceased were five of the seven members of the gothic rock band Zelestial, which was scheduled to be honored at the event.
19/04/2005
Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected to the papacy and becomes Pope Benedict XVI.
A conclave was held on 18 and 19 April 2005 to elect a new pope to succeed John Paul II, who had died on 2 April 2005. Of the 117 eligible cardinal electors, all but two attended. On the fourth ballot, the conclave elected Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the dean of the College of Cardinals and prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. After accepting his election, he took the name Benedict XVI. Ratzinger was the first cardinal from the Roman Curia to become pope since Pius XII in 1939.
19/04/2001
Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on STS-100 carrying the Canadarm2 to the International Space Station.
Space Shuttle Endeavour is a retired orbiter from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the fifth and final operational Shuttle built. It embarked on its first mission, STS-49, in May 1992 and its 25th and final mission, STS-134, in May 2011. STS-134 was expected to be the final mission of the Space Shuttle program, but with the authorization of STS-135 by the United States Congress, Atlantis became the last shuttle to fly.
19/04/2000
Air Philippines Flight 541 crashes in Samal, Davao del Norte, killing all 131 people on board.
Air Philippines Flight 541 was a scheduled domestic flight operated by Air Philippines from Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Metro Manila to Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City. On April 19, 2000, the Boeing 737-2H4 crashed south of Davao City while on approach to the airport, killing all 124 passengers and 7 crew members. It remains the deadliest air disaster in the Philippines, surpassing the 1998 crash of Cebu Pacific Flight 387, and the third-deadliest accident involving the Boeing 737-200, after Mandala Airlines Flight 091, and Indian Airlines Flight 113.
19/04/1999
The German Bundestag returns to Berlin.
The Bundestag is the federal parliament of Germany. It is the only constitutional body in the country directly elected by the German people. The Bundestag was established by Title III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany, the other being the Bundesrat.
19/04/1995
Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, US, is bombed, killing 168 people including 19 children under the age of six.
On April 19, 1995, American anti-government extremist Timothy McVeigh, assisted by Terry Nichols, detonated a makeshift bomb stored in a rental truck parked in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in an act of domestic terrorism. The explosion killed 167 people, injured 684, and destroyed more than a third of the building. The attack also destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings, destroyed 86 vehicles and caused an estimated $652 million in damage. During rescue operations after the bombing, a rescue worker was killed after being struck on the head by falling debris, bringing the total death toll to 168.
19/04/1993
The 51-day FBI siege of the Branch Davidian building in Waco, Texas, US, ends when a fire breaks out. Seventy-six Davidians, including 18 children under age 10, died in the fire.
The Waco siege, also known as the Waco massacre, was the siege by US federal government and Texas state law enforcement officials of a compound belonging to the religious cult known as the Branch Davidians, between February 28 and April 19, 1993. The Branch Davidians, led by David Koresh, were headquartered at Mount Carmel Center ranch in unincorporated McLennan County, Texas, 13 miles northeast of Waco. Suspecting the group of stockpiling illegal weapons, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) obtained a search warrant for the compound and arrest warrants for Koresh and several of the group's members.
19/04/1989
A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
A gun turret is a mounting platform from which weapons can be fired that affords protection, visibility and ability to turn and aim. A modern gun turret is generally a rotatable weapon mount that houses the crew or mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon and at the same time lets the weapon be aimed and fired in some degree of azimuth and elevation.
19/04/1985
Two hundred ATF and FBI agents lay siege to the compound of the white supremacist survivalist group The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord in Arkansas; the CSA surrenders two days later.
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATFE), commonly abbreviated as the ATF, is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Justice. Its responsibilities include the investigation and prevention of federal offenses involving the unlawful use, manufacture, and possession of firearms and explosives; acts of arson and bombings; and illegal trafficking and tax evasion of alcohol and tobacco products.
19/04/1976
A violent F5 tornado strikes around Brownwood, Texas, injuring 11 people. Two people were thrown at least 1,000 yards (910 m) by the tornado and survived uninjured.
During the evening hours of April 19, 1976, a violent tornado struck Brownwood, Texas, United States. The damage caused by the tornado was extreme enough for the National Weather Service to rate the tornado F5 on the Fujita scale. In 1993, meteorologist and tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis disagreed with the National Weather Service's assessment of the tornado, which he assigned a maximum rating of F4 on the Fujita scale.
19/04/1975
India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia.
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area; the most populous country in the world and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north; Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Myanmar, Thailand and Indonesia.
South Vietnamese forces withdraw from the town of Xuan Loc in the last major battle of the Vietnam War.
The Army of the Republic of Vietnam composed the ground forces of the South Vietnamese military from its inception in 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. Its predecessor was the ground forces of the Vietnamese National Army, established on 8 December 1950, representing Vietnam to fight in the First Indochina War against the communist Viet Minh rebels. At the ARVN's peak, an estimated 1 in 9 citizens of South Vietnam were enlisted, composed of Regular Forces and the more voluntary Regional Forces and the Popular Force militias. It is estimated to have suffered 1,394,000 casualties during the Vietnam War.
19/04/1973
The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel.
The Socialist Party is a social democratic political party in Portugal. It was founded on 19 April 1973 in the German city of Bad Münstereifel by militants who were at the time with the Portuguese Socialist Action. The PS is a member of the Socialist International, Progressive Alliance and Party of European Socialists, and has eight members in the European Parliament within the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group during the 10th European Parliament.
19/04/1971
Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.
Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the west coast of West Africa. It is bordered to the southeast by Liberia and by Guinea to the north. Sierra Leone's land area is 73,252 km2 (28,283 sq mi). It has a tropical climate and environments ranging from savannas to rainforests. As of the 2023 census, Sierra Leone has a population of 8,460,512. Freetown is its capital and largest city.
Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station.
Salyut 1, also known as DOS-1, was the world's first space station. It was launched into low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1971. The Salyut program subsequently achieved five more successful launches of seven additional stations. The program's final module, Zvezda (DOS-8), became the core of the Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station and remains in orbit today.
Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment) for conspiracy in the Tate–LaBianca murders.
Charles Milles Manson was an American criminal, cult leader, and musician who was the founder of the Manson Family. He gained notoriety for ordering the Tate–LaBianca murders, where his followers murdered nine people around Los Angeles in 1969.
19/04/1960
Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.
The April Revolution, also called the April 19 Revolution or April 19 Movement, were mass protests in South Korea against President Syngman Rhee and the First Republic from April 11 to 26, 1960, which led to Rhee's resignation.
19/04/1956
Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco.
Grace, Princess of Monaco was an American actress and Princess of Monaco as the wife of Prince Rainier III from their marriage on April 18, 1956 until her death in 1982. Prior to her marriage, she achieved stardom in several significant Hollywood films in the early to mid-1950s. She received an Academy Award and three Golden Globe Awards, and was ranked 13th on the American Film Institute's 25 Greatest Female Stars list.
19/04/1943
World War II: In German-occupied Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up the remaining Jews.
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was an uprising by the Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto in German-occupied Poland during World War II to oppose Nazi Germany's final effort to transport the remaining ghetto population to the gas chambers of the Majdanek and Treblinka extermination camps in 1943. It was the largest single revolt by Jews against the Nazis during World War II.
19/04/1942
World War II: In German-occupied Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.
World War II, or the Second World War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated. Tanks and aircraft played major roles, the latter enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the only nuclear weapons used in war. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the death of 60 to 75 million people. Millions died as a result of massacres, starvation, disease, and genocides, including the Holocaust. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.
19/04/1936
The Jaffa riots commence, initiating the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine.
In the context of mass Jewish immigration to Mandatory Palestine, violent attacks against British colonial installations and Jews of the Yishuv broke out in Jaffa on 19 April 1936. These attacks are often described as the start of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. A total of 14 Jews and 2 Arabs were killed during the riots, and the conflict led to the British destruction of over one hundred of buildings in the Old City of Jaffa—about a fifth of the Old City of Jaffa—creating internally displaced Palestinian Arab refugees.
19/04/1927
Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
Mary Jane "Mae" West was an American actress, singer, comedian, screenwriter, and playwright whose career spanned more than seven decades. Recognized as a prominent sex symbol of her time, she was known for portraying sexually confident characters and for her use of double entendres, often delivering her lines in a distinctive contralto voice. West began performing in vaudeville and on stage in New York City before moving on to film in Los Angeles.
19/04/1925
Colo-Colo, the most successful and popular soccer football team in the South American nation of Chile, was founded at the El Llano Stadium in San Miguel, Santiago, by footballer David Arellano and some of his teammates who had also left the Deportes Magallanes club.
Colo-Colo, officially Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo, is a Chilean professional football club based in Macul, Santiago. Founded in 1925 by David Arellano, it competes in the Chilean Primera División, from which the club has never been relegated. The team has played its home games at Estadio Monumental David Arellano since 1989. Colo-Colo is regarded as the most successful club in Chilean football.
19/04/1903
The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world.
The Kishinev pogrom or Kishinev massacre was an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev, then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on 19–21 April [O.S. 6–8 April] 1903. During the pogrom, which began on Easter Day, between 40 and 49 Jews were killed, 92 were gravely injured, over 500 were lightly injured and 1,500 homes were damaged. American Jews began large-scale organized financial help, and assisted in emigration. The incident focused worldwide attention on the persecution of Jews within the Russian Empire, and led Theodor Herzl to propose the Uganda Scheme as a temporary refuge for the Jews. A second pogrom erupted in the city in October 1905.
19/04/1861
American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy, which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union to preserve slavery in the United States, which they saw as threatened because of the election of Abraham Lincoln and the growing abolitionist movement in the North. The war ended with Union victory, the dissolution of the Confederacy and the abolition of slavery, freeing four million African Americans.
19/04/1839
The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.
The Treaty of London of 1839, was signed on 19 April 1839 between the major European powers, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Kingdom of Belgium. It was a direct follow-up to the 1831 Treaty of the XVIII Articles, which the Netherlands had refused to sign, and the result of negotiations at the London Conference of 1838–1839 which sought to maintain the Concert of Europe.
19/04/1818
French physicist Augustin Fresnel signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction" (deposited on the following day). The document ends with what we now call the Fresnel integrals.
Augustin-Jean Fresnel was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, fully supplanting Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century. He is perhaps better known for inventing the catadioptric (reflective/refractive) Fresnel lens and for pioneering the use of "stepped" lenses to extend the visibility of lighthouses, saving countless lives at sea. The simpler dioptric stepped lens, first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel, is used in screen magnifiers and in condenser lenses for overhead projectors.
19/04/1810
Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and various islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an area of 912,050 km2 (352,140 sq mi), with a population estimated at 31.8 million in 2025. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east, and on the east by Guyana. Venezuela consists of 23 states, the Capital District, and federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north, including in the capital.
19/04/1809
An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
The Duchy of Warsaw was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars. It initially comprised the ethnically Polish lands ceded to France by Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit, and was augmented in 1809 with territory ceded by Austria in the Treaty of Schönbrunn. It was the first attempt to re-establish Poland as a sovereign state after the 18th century partitions and covered the central and southeastern parts of present-day Poland.
19/04/1782
John Adams secures Dutch recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague becomes the first American embassy.
John Adams was a Founding Father and the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency, he was a leader of the American Revolution that achieved independence from Great Britain. During the latter part of the Revolutionary War and in the early years of the new nation, he served the Continental Congress of the United States as a senior diplomat in Europe. Adams was the first vice president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. He was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded with contemporaries, including his wife and advisor Abigail Adams and his friend and rival Thomas Jefferson.
19/04/1775
American Revolutionary War: The war begins during the Battles of Lexington and Concord with a victory of American minutemen and other militia over British forces, later referred to as the "shot heard round the world".
The American Revolutionary War, also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence or simply the American Revolution, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army. The conflict was fought in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean. The war's outcome seemed uncertain for most of the war, but Washington and the Continental Army's decisive victory in the Siege of Yorktown in 1781 led King George III and the Kingdom of Great Britain to negotiate an end to the war. In 1783, in the Treaty of Paris, the British monarchy acknowledged the independence of the Thirteen Colonies, leading to the establishment of the United States as an independent and sovereign nation.
American Revolutionary War: Following the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Siege of Boston begins with American militias blocking land access to the British-held city.
The siege of Boston was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War. In the siege, American patriot militia led by newly-installed Continental Army commander George Washington prevented the British Army, which was garrisoned in Boston, from moving by land. Both sides faced resource, supply, and personnel challenges during the siege. British resupply and reinforcement were limited to sea access, which was impeded by American vessels. The British ultimately abandoned Boston after eleven months, moving their troops and equipment north to Nova Scotia.
19/04/1770
Captain James Cook, still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.
Captain James Cook was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer, and cartographer who led three voyages of exploration to the Pacific and Southern Oceans between 1768 and 1779. He completed the first recorded circumnavigation of the main islands of New Zealand, and led the first recorded visit by Europeans to the east coast of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands.
Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI in a proxy wedding.
Marie Antoinette was Queen consort of France as the wife of Louis XVI from 10 May 1774 until the abolition of the French monarchy in 1792 during the French Revolution.
19/04/1713
With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inheritable by a female; his daughter and successor, Maria Theresa, was not born until 1717.
Charles VI was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy from 1711 until his death, succeeding his elder brother, Joseph I. He unsuccessfully claimed the throne of Spain following the death of his relative Charles II of Spain. In 1708, he married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, by whom he had his four children: Leopold Johann, Maria Theresa, Maria Anna, and Maria Amalia.
19/04/1677
The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.
The siege of Cambrai took place from 20 March to 19 April 1677 during the 1672–1678 Franco-Dutch War; then part of the Spanish Netherlands, it was invested by a French army under the duc de Luxembourg. Siege operations were supervised by the military engineer Vauban; Louis XIV was nominally in command but played little part in operations.
19/04/1608
In Ireland, O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry.
O'Doherty's Rebellion, also called O'Dogherty's Revolt, was an uprising against the Crown authorities in western Ulster, Ireland. Sir Cahir O'Doherty, lord of Inishowen, a Gaelic chieftain, had been a supporter of the Crown during the Nine Years' War (1593–1603), but angered at his treatment by Sir George Paulet, governor of Derry, he attacked and burned Derry in April 1608. O'Doherty was defeated and killed in the Battle of Kilmacrennan in July. The rebellion ended with the surrender of the last die-hards at the Siege of Tory Island later in the same year.
19/04/1572
England and France sign an alliance against Spain in the treaty of Blois.
The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 927, when all of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united under the rule of Æthelstan, until 1 May 1707, when it relinquished its sovereignty along with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom. The Kingdom of England was among the most powerful states in Europe during the medieval and early modern periods.
19/04/1539
The Treaty of Frankfurt between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed.
The Treaty of Frankfurt, also known as the Truce of Frankfurt, was a formal agreement of peace between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Protestants on 19 April 1539. The parties met at Frankfurt-on-the-Main, and the Lutherans were represented by Philip Melanchthon. The treaty stated that the emperor would not take any violent actions against the Protestants, who had formed an alliance known as the Schmalkaldic League, for fifteen months starting 1 May; during this time both parties could try to resolve the differences in their confessions. As a result of this peace, the Schmalkaldic League lost the protection of France.
19/04/1529
Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities protest the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church hierarchy. Towards the end of the Renaissance, the Reformation marked the beginning of Protestantism. It is considered one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe.
19/04/1506
The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which about two thousand Jews who had been forcibly converted to Christianity are slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics.
On 19 April 1506, a crowd of churchgoers in Lisbon attacked and killed several people in the congregation whom they suspected were Jews. The violence escalated into a city-wide, antisemitic riot that killed between 500 and 4,000 "New Christians", the name for Jews who had been forcibly converted to Christianity.
19/04/1042
Following the attempt of Byzantine Emperor Michael V Kalaphates to depose his wife and empress Zoe Porphyrogenita, a popular uprising in Constantinople breaks out with the intention to restore her.
The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire, which fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised sovereign authority are included, to the exclusion of junior co-emperors who never attained the status of sole or senior ruler, as well as of the various usurpers or rebels who claimed the imperial title.
19/04/1024
Election of Pope John XIX following the death of his brother Pope Benedict VIII.
Pope John XIX, born Roman of Tusculum, was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1024 to his death. He belonged to the family of the powerful Counts of Tusculum, succeeding his brother, Benedict VIII. Papal relations with the Patriarchate of Constantinople soured during John XIX's pontificate. He was a supporter of Emperor Conrad II and patron of the musician Guido of Arezzo.
19/04/0531
Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria).
The Battle of Callinicum took place on Easter Saturday, 19 April 531 AD, between an army of the Byzantine Empire under Belisarius and a Sasanian cavalry force commanded by Azarethes. After being defeated at the Battle of Dara, the Sasanians moved to invade Roman Syria in an attempt to turn the tide of the war. Belisarius' rapid response foiled the plan, and his troops pushed the Persians to the Syrian border through maneuvering before forcing a battle in which the Sasanians won a Pyrrhic victory.
19/04/0065
The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all of the conspirators are arrested.
AD 65 (LXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Nerva and Vestinus. The denomination AD 65 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.