4th January — World Braille Day
Welcome to 4th January! It's World Braille Day. Explore 46 historical events, birthdays, deaths, and milestones that shaped this day. From remarkable moments in local and world history to the people who left their mark — find out what makes today special. Tonight's moon is in its waning crescent phase, and the zodiac sign of the day is Capricorn. If you're curious about the history of a day — this page brings together everything worth knowing about this 4th January.
Sunday, 4 January falls under the Capricorn zodiac sign, characterised by traits of discipline and practicality. The moon is in its waning crescent phase at this point in the lunar cycle, marking the final days before the new moon.
On this day
On 4 January 1972, Rose Heilbron made legal history by becoming the first female judge to sit at the Central Criminal Court of England and Wales. Her appointment marked a significant milestone in the British judiciary, breaking a considerable gender barrier in one of the country's most prominent legal institutions. This achievement paved the way for greater representation of women in senior judicial positions across the UK.
In more recent times, 2019 saw a tragic incident in Poland when a fire broke out in an escape room in Koszalin, resulting in the deaths of five teenagers. The fire highlighted safety concerns within the escape room industry and led to increased scrutiny of emergency procedures and building regulations in such venues across Europe.
The space exploration domain saw a landmark achievement on 4 January 2004 when NASA's Spirit rover successfully landed on Mars, marking the beginning of what would become one of the most significant planetary exploration missions. Spirit's arrival on the Red Planet represented years of engineering effort and scientific planning, opening new avenues for understanding Martian geology and the possibility of past life on the planet.
World Braille Day
World Braille Day commemorates the birth of Louis Braille, the French educator who invented the Braille writing system in the 19th century. The day falls on 4 January each year and has been observed internationally since 2019, when it was established by the United Nations. Braille remains the primary reading and writing system for people who are blind or visually impaired. The day raises awareness about the importance of this tactile writing system in ensuring accessibility and independence.
DayAtlas provides comprehensive information for any selected date and location, including weather conditions, historical events, and notable births and deaths that occurred on that day.
Explore everything about today 22nd June.
Gardens teach that growth requires seasons, not speed.
Fortune of the Day
4th January in the Stars – Star Sign Capricorn
Personality Profile
Personality Those born on January 4th embody the quintessential Capricorn: grounded, purposeful, and quietly composed. Their practical nature combines with understated ambition that propels them forward steadily. The numerological influence of five adds unexpected flexibility to their otherwise structured personality.
Strengths & Weaknesses These individuals excel in reliability, persistence, and strategic thinking. Their weakness lies in rigidity and emotional distance, which can hinder intimacy. Perfectionism sometimes paralyzes their progress.
Love In relationships, January 4th natives are loyal and conscientious, though emotionally reserved. They need partners who appreciate their long-term devotion and show patience. Depth develops through consistency and mutual trust.
Caree & Finance Professionally, these people pursue security and recognized status. Saturn's rulership guides them toward administration, crafts, or management roles. Financially savvy and risk-averse, they build wealth methodically and sustainably.
Health January 4th individuals should monitor skeletal health, teeth, and joints, especially with age. Stress management is vital since they tend toward tension. Regular movement and clear routines stabilize their wellbeing.
That night, the moon was in its waning crescent phase.
Chinese year of the Snake (Wood).
Fun Facts About 4th January
Name Days in Your Language: Angel, Angela, Angelica, Angelina, Angeline, Angelique, Angelo, Angie, Dangelo, Deangelo, Lewis, Lou, Louie, Louis, Luis
Someone born on this day would be just 169 days old today — roughly 4,069 hours, 244,153 minutes, or 14,649,206 seconds spent on Earth so far.
It's the 4. day of the year. In 2026, 4th January falls on a Sunday.
There are 361 days still to come.
We’re currently in Week 1 — the year marches on.
Famous Birthdays on 4th January
On this day, 196 notable people were born on 4th January — spanning from 659 to 2006. From world leaders to artists and scientists, discover who shares this birthday.
04/01/2006
Marc Guiu, Spanish footballer
Marc Guiu Paz is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Chelsea.
04/01/2005
Rob Dillingham, American basketball player
Robert Deon Potasi Dillingham is an American professional basketball player for the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats. He was a five-star recruit who previously played professionally for the Cold Hearts and Blue Checks with Karter Knox in Overtime Elite during what would have been his senior year in high school. Dillingham became a guard for Kentucky during the 2023–24 season. Dillingham was selected in the 2024 NBA draft with the 8th overall pick by the San Antonio Spurs, but was immediately traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves on draft night. After nearly two seasons in Minnesota, Dillingham was traded to the Bulls in 2026.
Emil Højlund, Danish footballer
Emil Winther Højlund is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a forward for 2. Bundesliga club Schalke 04.
Oscar Højlund, Danish footballer
Oscar Winther Højlund is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for German Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt.
Dafne Keen, British-Spanish actress
Dafne Keen Fernández is a Spanish and British actress. She became known for playing Laura in the X-Men films Logan (2017) and Deadpool & Wolverine (2024), earning nominations at the Critics' Choice Awards, the Saturn Awards, and nods from numerous critics associations. She also played Lyra Belacqua in the television series His Dark Materials (2019–2022), receiving a nomination for a British Academy Cymru Award.
04/01/2004
Victor Wembanyama, French basketball player
Victor Wembanyama, nicknamed "Wemby" and "the Alien", is a French professional basketball player for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected first overall by the Spurs in the 2023 NBA draft and is considered one of the best basketball prospects ever due to his rare combination of height, agility, and skills.
04/01/2003
Jaeden Martell, American actor
Jaeden Martell is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor, with roles in the comedy drama St. Vincent (2014) and science fiction film Midnight Special (2016). His performance in St. Vincent earned him a nomination for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer. After playing the title character in the drama The Book of Henry (2017), Martell's breakthrough came with his portrayal of Bill Denbrough in the supernatural horror films It (2017) and It Chapter Two (2019). This led to further leading roles in horror films, such as The Lodge (2019) and Mr. Harrigan's Phone (2022).
Kevin, Brazilian footballer
Kevin Santos Lopes de Macedo, simply known as Kevin, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Premier League club Fulham.
04/01/2002
Vladyslav Vanat, Ukrainian footballer
Vladyslav Andriyovych Vanat is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a striker for La Liga club Girona and the Ukraine national team.
04/01/2001
Odilon Kossounou, Ivorian footballer
Kouakou Odilon Dorgeless Kossounou, better known as Odilon Kossounou, is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Serie A club Atalanta and the Ivory Coast national team.
Lola Young, English singer and songwriter
Lola Emily Mary Young is an English singer and songwriter. Born and raised in South London, she attracted attention in 2016 when she won the under-16 category of Open Mic UK and reached the finals of Got What It Takes?. She released her debut single in October 2019 and then the EPs Intro, Renaissance, and After Midnight. In 2021, she recorded a version of Giorgio Moroder and Philip Oakey's "Together in Electric Dreams" for that year's John Lewis Christmas advert. Around this time, she was nominated for the Brit Award for Rising Star and came fourth on the BBC's Sound of....
04/01/2000
Max Aarons, English footballer
Maximillian James Aarons is an English professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Scottish Premiership club Rangers, on loan from Premier League club Bournemouth.
Facundo Colidio, Argentine footballer
Facundo Colidio is an Argentine footballer who plays as a forward for Argentine Primera División club River Plate.
04/01/1999
Wessam Abou Ali, Palestinian footballer
Wessam Haitham Mohammed Abou Ali is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Major League Soccer club Columbus Crew. Born in Denmark, he plays for the Palestine national team.
Daniel Arzani, Iranian-Australian footballer
Daniel Arzani is a professional soccer player who plays as a winger or attacking midfielder for Nemzeti Bajnokság I club Ferencváros. Born in Iran, he represents the Australia national team.
Jan-Niklas Beste, German footballer
Jan-Niklas Beste is a German professional footballer who plays as a left-back or winger for Bundesliga club SC Freiburg.
Nico Hischier, Swiss ice hockey player
Nico Hischier is a Swiss professional ice hockey player who is a centre and captain for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL). Hischier made his professional debut in his native Switzerland in 2015, spending time both in the top-tier National League A (NLA) and the second-tier National League B. He moved to North America for the 2016–17 season to play major junior hockey for the Halifax Mooseheads of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) in hopes of furthering his hockey career; in his first season in the QMJHL, he was named rookie of the year, along with the award for best rookie in the Canadian Hockey League (CHL), the governing body for major junior hockey in Canada. Internationally Hischier has represented Switzerland at several junior tournaments, including two World Junior Championships. Regarded as a strong two-way forward and a top prospect for the 2017 NHL entry draft, Hischier was selected first overall by the Devils, the first time a Swiss player was selected first overall, and made his NHL debut in 2017. He was named captain of the Devils in 2021.
Jaeman Salmon, Australian rugby league player
Jaeman Salmon is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a lock or second-row forward for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the National Rugby League (NRL).
Collin Sexton, American basketball player
Collin Darnell Sexton is an American professional basketball player for the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Alabama Crimson Tide. In January 2017, Sexton was selected as a McDonald's All-American. Nicknamed the "Young Bull", he was selected with the 8th overall pick in the 2018 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers. After spending his first 4 seasons with the team, he was traded to the Utah Jazz via sign-and-trade in the 2022 offseason. Sexton has also played for the Charlotte Hornets.
04/01/1998
Coco Jones, American singer-songwriter and actress
Courtney Michaela Ann "Coco" Jones is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She first appeared on the competition series Radio Disney's Next Big Thing (2010–2011), which led to her signing with the company's Hollywood Records and being cast in several Disney Channel properties — including the sketch comedy So Random! (2011–2012) and the sitcom Good Luck Charlie (2012–2013). She had her breakthrough role as Roxanne "Roxy" Andrews in the 2012 television musical Disney Channel Original Movie Let It Shine, where she co-starred with Tyler James Williams and lent her vocals to the soundtrack for the network.
Arnoldas Kulboka, Lithuanian basketball player
Arnoldas Kulboka is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for Aris of the Greek Basketball League. He was selected by the Charlotte Hornets with the 55th overall pick in the 2018 NBA draft. At 2.06 m, he can play at both forward positions.
Rodrigo Garro, Argentine footballer
Rodrigo Garro is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Corinthians.
Liza Soberano, Filipina actress
Hope Elizabeth Soberano is a Filipino and American actress. Known for playing supporting characters in dramas and comedies as a teenager, she has since expanded her repertoire to leading roles in television and film. She has received several major accolades, including a FAMAS Award, a PMPC Star Award, and six Box Office Entertainment Awards. Tatler Asia named her one of the most influential people in Asia in 2022 and 2023.
04/01/1997
Angeliño, Spanish footballer
José Ángel Esmorís Tasende, known by the diminutive Angeliño, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Serie A club Roma.
Ante Žižić, Croatian basketball player
Ante Toni Žižić is a Croatian professional basketball player for Beşiktaş Gain of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL). He was selected 23rd overall by the Boston Celtics in the 2016 NBA draft. He played in the NBA Finals as a member of the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2018.
04/01/1996
Michael Dickson, Australian gridiron football player
Michael Dickson is an Australian professional American football punter, holder and occasional placekicker for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Longhorns and was selected by the Seahawks in the fifth round of the 2018 NFL draft.
Jackson Hastings, Australian rugby league player
Jackson Hastings is a Great Britain international rugby league footballer who plays as a scrum-half or stand-off for St Helens in the Super League.
Marcus Ingvartsen, Danish footballer
Marcus Højriis Ingvartsen is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Major League Soccer club San Diego FC. He is a former Denmark international.
Jasmine Paolini, Italian tennis player
Jasmine Paolini is an Italian professional tennis player. She has been ranked world No. 4 in singles by the WTA, the joint-highest-ranked Italian woman in singles, and No. 3 in doubles. Paolini is a major champion in doubles at the 2025 French Open, partnering Sara Errani. Representing her country, she won an Olympic gold medal in doubles at the 2024 Paris Olympics, also with Errani. On the WTA Tour, Paolini has won three singles titles and ten in doubles, including two singles and five doubles WTA 1000 titles. She is also a three-time major finalist, contesting the singles and doubles finals of the 2024 French Open and the singles final of the 2024 Wimbledon Championships. Paolini led Italy to the 2024 and 2025 Billie Jean King Cup titles, winning the Heart Award for the 2024.
04/01/1995
Sarah Nurse, Canadian ice hockey player
Sarah Nurse is a Canadian professional ice hockey player and alternate captain for the Vancouver Goldeneyes of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) and Canada women's national ice hockey team. Nurse won Olympic gold at the 2022 Winter Olympics—where she broke the single-tournament Olympic point record with 18 and became the first Black woman to win a gold medal in Olympic ice-hockey—and silver at the 2018 Winter Olympics. She has competed in six IIHF World Women's Championships, securing three golds, two silvers, and one bronze (2019).
Adam Webster, English footballer
Adam Harry Webster is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion. Webster is a product of Portsmouth's youth academy and made his first-team debut for the club in 2012.
04/01/1994
Derrick Henry, American football player
Derrick Lamar Henry Jr. is an American professional football running back for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Nicknamed "King Henry", he is known for his imposing style of play and larger build than the average running back. Noted for his success at every stage of his career, Henry is the only player to have rushed for at least 2,000 yards in a season at the high school, college, and professional levels. He also led the nation in rushing yards and rushing touchdowns at all three levels.
04/01/1993
James Michael McAdoo, American basketball player
James Michael Ray McAdoo is an American professional basketball player for the Shimane Susanoo Magic of the B.League in Japan. He played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels, and twice earned second-team all-conference honors in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). McAdoo won two NBA championships with the Golden State Warriors. He has also played in various international leagues, including the EuroCup, Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL), and ABA League.
Mahmoud Metwalli, Egyptian footballer
Mahmoud El-Metwalli Mohamed Mansour, commonly known as Mahmoud Metwalli, is an Egyptian-born footballer as a midfielder and centre back.
04/01/1992
Kris Bryant, American baseball player
Kristopher Lee Bryant, nicknamed "KB", is an American professional baseball third baseman, outfielder, and designated hitter for the Colorado Rockies of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Chicago Cubs and San Francisco Giants.
Quincy Promes, Dutch footballer
Quincy Anton Promes is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a winger or forward. He is currently imprisoned while appealing convictions for aggravated assault and drug trafficking.
04/01/1991
Charles Melton, American actor
Charles Michael Melton is an American actor. After working as a fashion model, Melton ventured to acting with guest roles on the television series Glee (2014) and American Horror Story: Hotel (2015–2016). His breakthrough came with his portrayal of Reggie Mantle in the CW series Riverdale (2017–2023).
04/01/1990
Iago Falque, Spanish footballer
Iago Falque Silva is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a forward.
Raisel Iglesias, Cuban baseball player
Raisel Enrique Iglesias is a Cuban professional baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Cincinnati Reds and Los Angeles Angels. He signed with the Reds as an international free agent in 2014 after defecting from Cuba.
Toni Kroos, German footballer
Toni Kroos is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of all time, he was known for his vision and pinpoint precision passing. Kroos played mainly as a central midfielder and occasionally played as a defensive midfielder. Having won 34 trophies over his 17 year career, he is the second most decorated German footballer after Thomas Müller.
Alberto Paloschi, Italian footballer
Alberto Paloschi is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a striker for ChievoVerona.
04/01/1989
Kevin Pillar, American baseball player
Kevin Andrew Pillar is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays, San Francisco Giants, Boston Red Sox, Colorado Rockies, New York Mets, Los Angeles Dodgers, Atlanta Braves, Chicago White Sox, Los Angeles Angels, and Texas Rangers.
Graham Rahal, American race car driver
Graham Robert Rahal is an American racing driver and businessman. He currently races in the IndyCar Series for Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing, a team partially owned by his father Bobby Rahal, the winner of the 1986 Indianapolis 500.
04/01/1988
Anestis Argyriou, Greek footballer
Anestis Argyriou is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a right-back.
Maximilian Riedmüller, German footballer
Maximilian Riedmüller is a German footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for TuS Holzkirchen.
04/01/1987
Marissa Coleman, American basketball player
Marissa Coleman is an American former professional basketball player.
Przemysław Tytoń, Polish footballer
Przemysław Tytoń is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Eredivisie club Twente.
Danny Simpson, English footballer
Daniel Peter Simpson is an English footballer who plays as a right-back for Stretford Paddock. He started his career at Manchester United in the Premier League, later loaned for Royal Antwerp, Sunderland, Ipswich Town, Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United during his professional development.
Kay Voser, Swiss footballer
Kay Voser is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as defender, mainly as left back. He now works as sports journalist.
04/01/1986
Younès Kaboul, French footballer
Younes Kaboul is a French former professional footballer who played as a centre-back for Auxerre, Tottenham Hotspur, Portsmouth, Sunderland and Watford. For France, Kaboul played for the under-21 team and went on to play five matches and scored one goal for the senior national team in 2011.
Andrei Krauchanka, Belarusian decathlete
Andrei Sergeyevich Krauchanka is a Belarusian decathlete. He was the silver medallist at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. His personal best score of 8617 points is the Belarusian record for the event. He also holds the national indoor record in the heptathlon with 6282 points.
Russell Martin, English footballer and manager
Russell Kenneth Alexander Martin is a professional football manager and former player who is currently the manager of EFL League One club Leicester City. Born in England, he represented Scotland at international level.
James Milner, English footballer
James Philip Milner is an English former professional footballer. A versatile player, Milner played in multiple positions, including wing, in midfield and at full-back. He holds the record for the most Premier League appearances (658) and the longest continuous career in the Premier League. He is also one of only five outfield players to have made a Premier League appearance at the age of 40 or older, joining Teddy Sheringham, Ryan Giggs, Gordon Strachan, and Kevin Phillips.
Charlyne Yi, American actor, comedian, musician, and writer
Lo Mutuc is an American actor, comedian, musician, and writer, known for their role as Dr. Chi Park in the Fox medical drama House (2011–2012), and for providing the voices of the Rubies in the Cartoon Network animated series Steven Universe (2015–2018) and its epilogue series Steven Universe Future (2019–2020), Chloe Park in We Bare Bears (2015–2019), Alice in Summer Camp Island (2018–2023), Mai in Next Gen (2018), and Larry in StuGo (2025).
04/01/1985
Lenora Crichlow, British actress
Lenora Isabella Crichlow is an English actress. She became known for her starring roles as Maria "Sugar" Sweet in the Channel 4 comedy-drama series Sugar Rush, Annie Sawyer in the BBC Three supernatural drama series Being Human, and Shania Andrews in the 2012 sports drama film Fast Girls. In 2013, Crichlow portrayed Chen Sam in the television film Burton & Taylor and Victoria Skillane in the episode "White Bear" of the dystopian sci-fi series Black Mirror. She has since had regular roles in the ABC sitcom Back in the Game and the NBC comedy series A to Z. In 2020, she was in the main cast of the HBO/Sky One comedy series Avenue 5, playing second engineer Billie McEvoy.
Kari Aalvik Grimsbø, Norwegian handball player
Kari Aalvik Grimsbø is a former Norwegian handball player who last played for Győri ETO KC and the Norwegian national team. She is both an Olympic, European and World Champion. Since her retirement she is the goalkeeping coach at Byåsen HE.
Gökhan Gönül, Turkish footballer
Gökhan Gönül is a Turkish former professional footballer who played as a right back.
Al Jefferson, American basketball player
Al Ricardo Jefferson is an American former professional basketball player. A center/power forward, he was a high school All-American for Prentiss High School in Mississippi before skipping college to enter the 2004 NBA draft, where he was drafted 15th overall by the Boston Celtics. He played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Celtics, Minnesota Timberwolves, Utah Jazz, Charlotte Hornets and Indiana Pacers, earning third-team All-NBA honors in 2014 with the Hornets.
Jung Sung-ryong, South Korean footballer
Jung Sung-ryong is a South Korean professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for J3 League club Fukushima United.
Ross Turnbull, English footballer and coach
Ross Turnbull is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Between 2002 and 2015 he made 148 league appearances, mostly for Middlesbrough, Chelsea, Crewe Alexandra, Doncaster Rovers and Barnsley. He also played for England at youth level up to the under-19s.
04/01/1984
Javi Fuego, Spanish footballer
Javier "Javi" Fuego Martínez is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.
Jiří Hudler, Czech ice hockey player
Jiří Hudler is a Czech former professional ice hockey forward. He played with the Detroit Red Wings, Calgary Flames, Florida Panthers and the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). After beginning his career in the Czech Extraliga with HC Vsetín, Hudler was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the 2002 NHL entry draft and won the Stanley Cup with the club in 2008. Hudler also played for Dynamo Moscow in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) for one season before the team was merged to form UHC Dynamo.
04/01/1983
Will Bynum, American basketball player
William Bynum is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach of the Birmingham Squadron of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the University of Arizona and Georgia Tech before going undrafted in the 2005 NBA draft. He was the 2007 Israeli Basketball Premier League Finals MVP.
Richard Rankin, Scottish film, television and theatre actor
Richard Rankin is a Scottish actor. He is best known for the Scottish sketch show Burnistoun, for playing Roger Wakefield MacKenzie in the Starz drama Outlander and for portraying John Rebus in the BBC crime series Rebus, adapted from the Inspector Rebus novels by Ian Rankin.
04/01/1982
Richard Logan, English footballer
Richard James Logan is an English former footballer.
Danny Sullivan, Australian rugby league player
Danny Sullivan is an Australian former rugby league footballer. His position of preference was in the Second Row.
Kang Hye-jung, South Korean actress
Kang Hye-jung is a South Korean actress. Making her film debut in arthouse film Nabi (2001), she rose to stardom and critical acclaim in Park Chan-wook's 2003 revenge thriller Oldboy. A rising star early in her career, she gained acting awards for Han Jae-rim's relationship drama Rules of Dating (2005), and Park Kwang-hyun's Korean War comedy Welcome to Dongmakgol (2005).
04/01/1980
D'Arcy Carden, American actress and comedian
D'Arcy Beth Carden is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for portraying Janet in the NBC sitcom The Good Place (2016–2020), for which she earned a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, and Greta Gill in the Prime series A League of Their Own (2022). She also played Gemma in Broad City (2014–2019) and Natalie Greer in the HBO dark comedy series Barry (2018–2023).
Miguel Monteiro, Portuguese footballer
Luís Miguel Brito Garcia Monteiro, known simply as Miguel, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a right-back or a winger.
Justin Ontong, South African cricketer
Justin Lee Ontong is a former South African cricketer, who played domestic cricket for the Cape Cobras. He has played two Test matches, 26 One Day Internationals and twelve Twenty20 Internationals as an all-rounder.
04/01/1979
Shergo Biran, German footballer
Shergo Biran is a German former professional footballer who played as a forward. He was born in West Berlin.
Tristan Gommendy, French racing driver
Tristan Emmanuel Benoît Gommendy is a French professional racing driver who last competed in the European Le Mans Series with Duqueine Team.
04/01/1978
Dominik Hrbatý, Slovak tennis player
Dominik Hrbatý is a Slovak former professional tennis player. Hrbatý reached the semifinals of the 1999 French Open, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 12 in October 2005. Hrbatý is one of only three players, alongside Nick Kyrgios and Lleyton Hewitt, to have beaten each member of the Big Three the first time he played them.
04/01/1976
Ted Lilly, American baseball player
Theodore Roosevelt Lilly III is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Lilly attended Yosemite High School in Oakhurst, California, and Fresno City College. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1999 to 2013 for the Montreal Expos, New York Yankees, Oakland Athletics, Toronto Blue Jays, Chicago Cubs and Los Angeles Dodgers. He was a two-time MLB All-Star.
04/01/1975
Shane Carwin, American mixed martial artist and wrestler
Shane Bannister Carwin is an American former mixed martial artist who competed in the Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is a former Interim UFC Heavyweight Champion. He is considered to be one of the hardest hitting athletes to ever fight in the UFC.
Paul Watson, English footballer
Paul Douglas Watson is an English former footballer who played as a full-back.
04/01/1974
Danilo Hondo, German cyclist
Danilo Hondo is a German former professional road bicycle racer. He won the German National Road Race in 2002. He competed in the men's team pursuit at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
04/01/1973
Frank Høj, Danish cyclist
Frank Høj is a Danish retired professional road bicycle racer. Høj started as a stagiaire for the Zetelhallen–Vosschemie team in 1994, and became professional in 1995 for Collstrop–Lystex. His first win as a professional came the year after. In a live interview with Danish media station TV2 during the coverage of Tour de France 2015, Høj admitted to have used EPO in the early periods of his career, namely 1995–1998. He also competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics.
04/01/1971
Shane Walker, Australian rugby league player
Shane Walker, is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and early 2000s. Walker played for the St. George Dragons in 1990 and 1992, the Eastern Suburbs Roosters in 1993 and 1994, the Balmain Tigers between 1995 and 1999, the Wests Tigers in 2000 and 2001 and finally the Melbourne Storm in 2002.
Colin Ward, Australian rugby league player
Colin Ward is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s.
04/01/1970
Josh Stamberg, American actor
Joshua Collins Stamberg is an American actor. He was regular cast member in the Lifetime comedy-drama series Drop Dead Diva from 2009 to 2012, and later had recurring roles on Parenthood, The Affair, and WandaVision.
04/01/1969
Corie Blount, American basketball player
Corie Kasoun Blount is an American former professional basketball player born in Monrovia, California. He played eleven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Kees van Wonderen, Dutch footballer and manager
Cornelis "Kees" Hendricus van Wonderen is a Dutch professional football manager and former player who last coached Schalke 04. During his playing career, he was mostly utilised as a centre back.
04/01/1967
Johnny Nelson, English boxer and sportscaster
Ivanson Ranny "Johnny" Nelson is a British former professional boxer who competed from 1986 to 2005. He held the World Boxing Organization (WBO) cruiserweight title from 1999 to 2006, and remains the longest reigning cruiserweight world champion of all time. Nelson defended the title against thirteen different opponents, more than any other cruiserweight in history, and holds a joint-record of most consecutive cruiserweight title defences. He also never lost the title in the ring. At regional level, he held the British cruiserweight title twice between 1989 and 1997, and the European cruiserweight title twice between 1990 and 1998.
David Toms, American golfer and philanthropist
David Wayne Toms is an American professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions. From 1992 to 2017, Toms was a member of the PGA Tour, where he won 13 events, including one major, the 2001 PGA Championship. He was in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking for 175 weeks between 2001 and 2006, and ranked as high as fifth in 2002 and 2003.
David Wilson, Australian rugby player
David John Wilson is a former Australian rugby union footballer who played on the openside flank 79 times, and who captained the Wallabies 9 times.
04/01/1966
Deana Carter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
Deana Kay Carter is an American country music singer-songwriter who broke through in 1996 with the release of her debut album Did I Shave My Legs for This?, which was certified 5× Multi-Platinum in the United States for sales of over 5 million. It was followed by 1998's Everything's Gonna Be Alright, 2003's I'm Just a Girl, 2005's The Story of My Life, and 2007's The Chain. Overall, Carter's albums have accounted for 14 singles, including three which reached Number One on the Billboard country charts: "Strawberry Wine", "We Danced Anyway", and "How Do I Get There".
04/01/1965
Guy Forget, French tennis player
Guy Forget is a French tennis administrator and retired professional player. During his career, he helped France win the Davis Cup in both 1991 and 1996. Since retiring as a player, he has served as France's Davis Cup team captain.
Beth Gibbons, English singer and songwriter
Beth Gibbons is an English singer and songwriter. She is the singer and lyricist for the band Portishead, who have released three albums. She released an album with fellow English musician Rustin Man, Out of Season, in 2002, and a recording of contemporary Polish composer Górecki's Symphony No. 3 in 2019 with the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra. In 2024, she released her first solo album without collaboration, Lives Outgrown. The album received critical acclaim and was nominated for the 2024 Mercury Prize.
Craig Revel Horwood, Australian-English dancer, choreographer, and director
Craig Revel Horwood is an Australian–British dancer, choreographer, theatre director, author and former drag queen in the United Kingdom. He has twice been nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer, for his work on Spend Spend Spend (1999–2000) and the musical My One and Only (2001–2002).
Julia Ormond, English actress and producer
Julia Karin Ormond is an English actress. She rose to prominence during the 1990s by appearing in Legends of the Fall (1994), First Knight (1995) and Sabrina (1995). She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie for her role in the HBO film Temple Grandin (2010). She is also known for her role in The Walking Dead: World Beyond (2020) as a main antagonist.
04/01/1964
Susan Devoy, New Zealand squash player
Dame Susan Elizabeth Anne Devoy is a New Zealand former squash player and senior public servant. As a squash player, she was dominant in the late 1980s and early 1990s, winning the World Open on four occasions. She served as New Zealand's Race Relations Commissioner from 2013 to 2018.
Dot-Marie Jones, American actress and athlete
Dot-Marie Jones is an American actress and retired athlete who has had multiple roles in television. She attended California State University, Fresno, where she set records for shot put. Jones is also a 15-time world arm wrestling champion. She was a recurring guest star starting in the second season of the musical television series Glee as Coach Beiste, and appeared through the show's sixth and final season, when she was promoted to starring status. She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2011, 2012, and 2013 for her portrayal of Coach Beiste. She is also known for her roles as Coach Kelly in Lizzie McGuire and as Butch Brenda in Material Girls.
Adrian Shelford, New Zealand rugby league player (died 2003)
Adrian Tremain Shelford was a New Zealand rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played at representative level for New Zealand, and at club level for Wigan and Wakefield Trinity in the Championship as well as the Newcastle Knights and Manly Sea Eagles in the NSWRL Premiership, as a prop.
04/01/1963
Dave Foley, Canadian comedian, actor, director, and producer
David Scott Foley is a Canadian stand-up comedian, actor, director, producer, and writer. He is known as a co-founder of the comedy group The Kids in the Hall, who have appeared together in a number of television, stage and film productions, most notably the 1988–1995 TV sketch comedy show of the same name, as well as the 1996 film Brain Candy.
Till Lindemann, German singer, songwriter, and poet
Till Lindemann is a German singer-songwriter and poet, best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein. Renowned for his theatrical stage performances, poetic lyrics, and distinctive bass-baritone voice, he is a central figure in the band’s international success. He was also part of the musical project Lindemann before beginning to release music under his own name. He has appeared in several films in minor roles and has published three books of poetry.
Martina Proeber, German diver
Martina Proeber is a German diver. She won a silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in the 3 metre springboard event.
04/01/1962
Joe Kleine, American basketball player and coach
Joseph William Kleine is an American former professional basketball player who played fifteen seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and for the US national team. He won a gold medal as a member of the United States men's basketball team at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. In 1998, he won the NBA championship as a member of the Chicago Bulls. Kleine is now a restaurant proprietor, owning a number of successful Corky's Ribs & BBQ restaurants.
04/01/1961
Sidney Green, American basketball player and coach
Sidney Green is an American former professional basketball player and former coach. He played college basketball for the UNLV Runnin' Rebels and was drafted into the National Basketball Association (NBA) by the Chicago Bulls in 1983. After a ten-year career in the NBA he went into college coaching. He now works as a Chicago Bulls team ambassador.
Cliff Levingston, American basketball player and coach
Clifford Eugene Levingston is an American professional basketball coach and former player.
Graham McTavish, Scottish actor and author
Graham McTavish is a Scottish actor and author. He is known for his roles as Dwalin in The Hobbit film trilogy, The Saint of Killers in the AMC series Preacher, Dougal MacKenzie and William Buccleigh MacKenzie in the Starz series Outlander, and Harrold Westerling in the HBO series House of the Dragon. He is also known for his roles in the video game franchise Uncharted as the main antagonist Zoran Lazarević in Uncharted 2: Among Thieves and Charlie Cutter in Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception.
04/01/1960
Gavin Miller, Australian rugby league player
Gavin John Miller is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. An Australian international and New South Wales State of Origin representative forward, he played the majority of his club football for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, and is an Immortal of the club. He earned two successive Dally M Player of the Year awards in 1988 and 1989.
Michael Stipe, American singer-songwriter and producer
John Michael Stipe is an American singer, songwriter and artist, best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the alternative rock band R.E.M.
04/01/1958
Matt Frewer, American-Canadian actor
Matthew George Frewer is an American-Canadian actor and comedian. He portrayed the 1980s icon Max Headroom in the 1985 TV film and 1987 television series of the same name.
Julian Sands, English actor (died 2023)
Julian Richard Morley Sands was an English actor. He had co-starring roles in Oxford Blues and The Killing Fields in 1984. The following year, Sands played George Emerson in A Room with a View; this role became his breakout role. He then went on to appear in Gothic (1986); Warlock (1989); Arachnophobia (1990); Naked Lunch (1991); Leaving Las Vegas (1995); and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011). His television roles included Nick Hardaway in Rose Red (2002), Vladimir Bierko in 24 (2006), Jor-El in Smallville (2009–2010); he also voiced the character of Valmont in Jackie Chan Adventures (2000–2002).
04/01/1957
Patty Loveless, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
Patty Loveless is an American country music singer. She began performing in her teenaged years before signing her first recording contract with MCA Records' Nashville division in 1985. While her first few releases were unsuccessful, she broke through by decade's end with a cover of George Jones's "If My Heart Had Windows". Loveless issued five albums on MCA before moving to Epic Records in 1993, where she released nine more albums. Four of her albums—Honky Tonk Angel, Only What I Feel, When Fallen Angels Fly, and The Trouble with the Truth—are certified platinum in the United States. Loveless has charted 44 singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including five which reached number one: "Timber, I'm Falling in Love", "Chains", "Blame It on Your Heart", "You Can Feel Bad", and "Lonely Too Long".
04/01/1956
Tom Borton, American jazz saxophonist, songwriter and composer (died 2011)
Thomas William Borton was an American jazz saxophonist, songwriter and composer, and was the founder and CEO of Los Angeles Post Music, Inc.
Zehava Gal-On, Israeli politician
Zehava Galon, is an Israeli politician, the president of the research institute ZULAT for Equality and Human Rights and former leader of Meretz.
Ann Magnuson, American actress and performance artist
Ann Magnuson is an American actress, performance artist, and nightclub performer. She was described by The New York Times in 1990 as "An endearing theatrical chameleon who has as many characters at her fingertips as Lily Tomlin does".
Bernard Sumner, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
Bernard Sumner is an English musician. He is a founding member of the bands Joy Division, New Order, Electronic, and Bad Lieutenant. Sumner was an early force in several areas, including the post-punk, synth-pop, and techno music scenes, as well as their various related genres, and was an early influence on the Manchester music scene that presaged the Madchester movement of the late 1980s centred on Factory Records and The Haçienda club in Manchester. He and drummer Stephen Morris are the only two continuous members of New Order, who have also appeared on all the band's albums.
04/01/1954
Rob Kerin, Australian politician, 43rd Premier of South Australia
Robert Gerard Kerin is a former South Australian politician who was the Premier of South Australia from 22 October 2001 to 5 March 2002, representing the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia. He was also Deputy Premier of South Australia from 7 July 1998 until he became Premier and, after losing government, leader of the opposition until after the 2006 election.
Tina Knowles, American fashion designer, founded House of Deréon
Celestine Ann "Tina" Beyoncé Knowles is an American businesswoman, fashion designer, author, and philanthropist known for establishing the brands House of Deréon and Miss Tina by Tina Knowles. She is the mother of singers Beyoncé and Solange Knowles and was married until 2011 to their father Mathew Knowles, the manager of Destiny's Child. For her contribution to the fashion business, Knowles was honored at the Accessories Council Excellence Awards in 2001.
04/01/1953
Norberto Alonso, Argentinian footballer
Norberto Osvaldo Alonso, better known as Beto Alonso is a former Argentine football midfielder who spent most of his career at River Plate, where he won 9 titles. He remains one of their most notable players. Alonso was regularly regarded as one of the best South American players in the world during the 1970s.
04/01/1950
Khondakar Ashraf Hossain, Bangladesh poet and academic (died 2013)
Khondakar Ashraf Hossain was a leading postmodernist poet, essayist, translator, and editor from Bangladesh. He wrote more than eighteen titles.
04/01/1949
Mick Mills, English footballer and manager
Michael Dennis Mills is an English former footballer who played for Ipswich Town, Southampton and Stoke City. He managed Stoke City, Colchester United and Birmingham City. During his career he achieved Ipswich Town's record number of appearances and captained England at the 1982 World Cup. He is 7th on the list of all-time appearances in the top-flight of English football with 658 league appearances, and fourth for outfield players.
Bwanga Tshimen, Congolese footballer
Raymond Bwanga Tshimenu is a former footballer from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bwanga won the 1973 African Footballer of the Year while with TP Mazembe in Lubumbashi. During his playing days in the early and mid 1970s he was nicknamed "Black Beckenbauer" by the African and French press due to his playing style.
04/01/1948
Kostas Davourlis, Greek footballer (died 1992)
Konstantinos Davourlis born in Agyia, Patras, popularly nicknamed The Black Prince, was a former Greek footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. A gifted and talented player, he was voted by the Greek sports magazine "Ethnosport" as one of the 50 best Greek football players ever.
Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé, Malian civil servant and politician, Prime Minister of Mali (died 2021)
Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé was a Malian politician and the Prime Minister of Mali at the time of the 2012 Malian coup d'état. She was the first female prime minister in the country's history. She was announced to the position by decree on 3 April 2011, replacing Modibo Sidibé. She held the position for slightly less than a year under the presidency of Amadou Toumani Touré before she was removed from office in the 22 March 2012 coup.
04/01/1947
Chris Cutler, English percussionist, lyricist and music theorist
Chris Cutler is an English percussionist, composer, lyricist and music theorist. Best known for his work with English avant-rock group Henry Cow, Cutler was also a member and drummer of other bands, including Art Bears, News from Babel, Pere Ubu and (briefly) Gong/Mothergong. He has collaborated with many musicians and groups, including Fred Frith, Lindsay Cooper, Zeena Parkins, Peter Blegvad, Telectu, and The Residents, and has appeared on over 100 recordings. Cutler's career spans over four decades and he still performs actively throughout the world.
Marie-Thérèse Letablier, French sociologist and academic
Marie-Thérèse Letablier, is a French sociologist. Her major sociological works concern work, family and gender issues. She is Research director in the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and a senior research fellow in the Paris Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne (CES).
04/01/1946
Arthur Conley, American singer-songwriter (died 2003)
Arthur Lee Conley, also known in later years as Lee Roberts, was an American soul singer, best known for the 1967 hit "Sweet Soul Music".
04/01/1945
Vesa-Matti Loiri, Finnish actor, musician and comedian (died 2022)
Vesa-Matti "Vesku" Loiri was a Finnish actor, musician and comedian, best known for his role as Uuno Turhapuro, whom he portrayed in a total of 20 movies between the years 1973 and 2004.
Richard R. Schrock, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
Richard Royce Schrock is an American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his contributions to the olefin metathesis reaction used in organic chemistry.
04/01/1944
Gary Stevens, Australian rugby league player (died 2025)
Gary Stevens was an Australian rugby league footballer, a hard tackling second-row forward, of the 1960s and 1970s for the South Sydney Rabbitohs, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the Australian national representative side. He is the grandson of Souths club great Arthur Oxford.
Alan Sutherland, New Zealand rugby player (died 2020)
Alan Richard Sutherland was a New Zealand rugby union player. A number 8 and lock, Sutherland represented Marlborough at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1968 to 1976. He played 64 matches for the All Blacks, of which three were as captain, including 10 internationals.
04/01/1943
Doris Kearns Goodwin, American historian and author
Doris Helen Kearns Goodwin is an American biographer, historian, former sports journalist, and political commentator. She has written biographies of numerous U.S. presidents. Goodwin's book No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1995. Goodwin produced the American television miniseries Washington. She was also executive producer of Abraham Lincoln, a 2022 docudrama on the History Channel. This latter series was based on Goodwin's Leadership in Turbulent Times.
Hwang Sok-yong, South Korean author and educator
Hwang Sok-yong is a South Korean novelist.
04/01/1942
Bolaji Akinyemi, Nigerian political scientist, academic, and politician
Akinwande Bolaji Akinyemi is a Nigerian professor of political science who was Nigeria External Affairs Minister from 1985 to late 1987. He is the chairman of the National Think Tank.
Jim Downing, American race car driver and inventor
James Downing is an American former professional race car driver, he is a five-time IMSA Championship winner, owner/driver of Downing/Atlanta Racing, and was principal in the development of the HANS device.
John McLaughlin, English guitarist and songwriter
John McLaughlin, also previously known as Mahavishnu, is an English guitarist, bandleader, and composer. A pioneer of jazz fusion, his music combines elements of jazz with rock, world music, Western classical music, flamenco, and blues. After contributing to several key British groups of the early 1960s, McLaughlin made Extrapolation, his first album as a bandleader, in 1969. He then moved to the U.S., where he played with drummer Tony Williams' group Lifetime and then with Miles Davis on his 1969–72 electric jazz fusion albums In a Silent Way, Bitches Brew, Jack Johnson, Live-Evil, and On the Corner. His 1970s electric band, the Mahavishnu Orchestra, performed a technically virtuosic and complex style of music that fused electric jazz and rock with Classical, Indian and other influences. In 1974, he helped found Shakti, a seminal Indian-Jazz rock fusion band with Indian violinist L. Shankar and percussionists Zakir Hussain and Vikku Vinayakram.
04/01/1941
George P. Cosmatos, Italian-Canadian director and screenwriter (died 2005)
George Pan Cosmatos was a Greek-Italian film director and screenwriter. Following early success in his home country with drama films such as Massacre in Rome with Richard Burton, Cosmatos retooled his career towards mainstream "blockbuster" action and adventure films, including The Cassandra Crossing and Escape to Athena, both of which were British-Italian co-productions. After relocating to North America, he directed the horror film Of Unknown Origin. This was followed by some of his best-known work, including the action films Rambo: First Blood Part II and Cobra, the science-fiction horror film Leviathan, and the critically acclaimed Western movie Tombstone.
Kalpnath Rai, Indian politician (died 1999)
Kalpnath Rai was an Indian politician. He served as a member of the Rajya Sabha between 1974–80, 1980–86, and 1986–92, as well as being elected on four term occasions to the Lok Sabha from the Ghosi constituency in the state of Uttar Pradesh. 1989-1991-1996-1998. He was a minister in various national Congress (I) governments.
04/01/1940
Brian Josephson, Welsh physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
Brian David Josephson is a British theoretical physicist and emeritus professor at the University of Cambridge. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever for his discovery of the Josephson effect, made in 1962 when he was a Ph.D. student at Cambridge.
Gao Xingjian, Chinese novelist, playwright, and critic, Nobel Prize laureate
Gao Xingjian is a Chinese émigré and later French naturalized novelist, playwright, critic, painter, photographer, film director, and translator who in 2000 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity." He is also a noted translator, screenwriter, stage director, and a celebrated painter.
04/01/1938
Jim Norton, Irish stage, film and television actor
Jim Norton is an Irish stage, film and television character actor, known for his work in the theatre, most notably in Conor McPherson's The Seafarer, and on television as Bishop Brennan in the sitcom Father Ted.
Eberhard Wagner, German academic, linguist and author
Eberhard Wagner is a German regional dialect researcher, poet, playwright, and actor who focuses on local dialects. He is well-known for writing and publishing in the dialect of Upper Franconia.
04/01/1937
Grace Bumbry, American operatic soprano (died 2023)
Grace Melzia Bumbry was an American opera singer, considered one of the leading mezzo-sopranos of her generation, who also ventured to soprano roles. A pioneer among African-American classical singers, she gained international acclaim as Venus in Tannhäuser at the 1961 Bayreuth Festival, the first black singer to appear there.
Dyan Cannon, American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter
Dyan Cannon is an American actress, filmmaker, and editor. Her accolades include a Saturn Award, a Golden Globe Award, three Academy Award nominations, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She was named Female Star of the Year by the National Association of Theatre Owners in 1973 and the Hollywood Women's Press Club in 1979.
04/01/1935
Floyd Patterson, American boxer (died 2006)
Floyd Patterson was an American professional boxer who competed from 1952 to 1972, and twice reigned as the world heavyweight champion between 1956 and 1962. At the age of 21, he became the youngest boxer in history to win the title, and was also the first heavyweight to regain the title after losing it. As an amateur, he won a gold medal in the middleweight division at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He has been named among the top 15 heavyweights of all time.
04/01/1934
Rudolf Schuster, Slovak politician, 2nd President of Slovakia
Rudolf Schuster is a Slovak politician who served as the second president of Slovakia from 1999 to 2004. He was elected on 29 May 1999 and inaugurated on 15 June. In the presidential elections of April 2004, in which he sought re-election, Schuster was defeated. He received only 7.4% of the vote, with three other candidates receiving more than that. He was succeeded by Ivan Gašparovič.
04/01/1932
Carlos Saura, Spanish director and screenwriter (died 2023)
Carlos Saura Atarés was a Spanish film director, photographer and writer. With Luis Buñuel and Pedro Almodóvar, he is considered to be among Spain's great filmmakers. He had a long and prolific career that spanned over half a century, and his films won many international awards.
Clint Hill, American Secret Service agent (died 2025)
Clinton Jerome Hill was a United States Secret Service agent who served under five U.S. presidents, from Dwight D. Eisenhower to Gerald Ford. Hill is best known for his act of bravery on November 22, 1963, when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. During the assassination, Hill ran into the line of fire from the Secret Service follow-up car, leaped onto the back of the presidential car, and shielded the stricken president and first lady Jacqueline Kennedy with his own body as the car raced to Parkland Memorial Hospital. His act was documented in film footage by Abraham Zapruder. Hill was the last surviving person who was inside the presidential limousine on November 22, 1963.
04/01/1931
William Deane, Australian judge and politician, 22nd Governor-General of Australia
Sir William Patrick Deane is an Australian barrister and jurist who served as the 22nd governor-general of Australia from 1996 to 2001. He was previously a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1982 to 1995, during which time he was one of the judges who decided in favour of Eddie Mabo in the Mabo case.
Nora Iuga, Romanian poet, writer and translator
Nora Iuga is a Romanian poet, writer and translator.
04/01/1930
Sorrell Booke, American actor and director (died 1994)
Sorrell Booke was an American actor. He appeared in over 130 film, television, and stage productions, and was best known for his role as "Boss" Hogg, the principal antagonist of the television series The Dukes of Hazzard (1979–1985).
Don Shula, American football player and coach (died 2020)
Donald Francis Shula was an American football defensive back and coach who served as a head coach in the National Football League (NFL) from 1963 to 1995. The head coach of the Miami Dolphins for most of his career, Shula is the NFL's winningest head coach at 347 career victories and 328 regular season victories. He is regarded as one of the greatest head coaches of all time.
04/01/1929
Günter Schabowski, German journalist and politician (died 2015)
Günter Schabowski was a German politician who served as an official of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the ruling party during most of the existence of East Germany. After climbing up the party ladder, he became the regime's unofficial spokesman. He gained worldwide fame in November 1989 when he improvised a slightly mistaken answer to a press conference question about the future of the Berlin Wall, that seemed to announce the Wall's immediate end and raised popular expectations much more rapidly than the government planned. Massive crowds gathered at the Wall the same night, which forced its opening after 28 years. Soon afterward, the entire inner German border was opened; not much later, East Germany ceased to exist.
04/01/1927
Paul Desmarais, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (died 2013)
Paul Guy Desmarais Sr. was a Canadian financier and philanthropist, based in Montreal. With an estimated family net worth of US$4.5 billion, Desmarais was ranked by Forbes as the fourth wealthiest person in Canada, and 235th in the world in 2013. He was chairman and chief executive officer of Power Corporation of Canada until 1996, when he passed the reins of management of Power Corporation to his sons, Paul Jr. and André. He continued as a director and as chairman of the executive committee of the board, and remained the controlling shareholder. Power Corporation of Canada is a diversified international management and holding company with interests in companies in the financial services, asset management, sustainable and renewable energy, and other business sectors.
Barbara Rush, American actress (died 2024)
Barbara Rush was an American actress of stage, screen, and television. In 1954, she won the Golden Globe Award for most promising female newcomer for her role in the 1953 American science-fiction film It Came from Outer Space. Later in her career, Rush became a regular performer in the television series Peyton Place, and appeared in TV movies, miniseries, and a variety of other programs, including the soap opera All My Children and the family drama 7th Heaven, as well as starring in films such as The Young Philadelphians, The Young Lions, Robin and the 7 Hoods, and Hombre.
04/01/1925
Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish skier and technician (died 2003)
Veikko Johannes Hakulinen was a Finnish cross-country skier, triple champion in both the Olympics and World Championships. He also competed in biathlon, orienteering, ski-orienteering, cross-country running, and rowing at a national level.
04/01/1924
Marianne Werner, German shot putter (died 2023)
Marianne Werner was a West German athlete who specialized in throwing events. She competed in the shot put and discus throw at the 1952 and 1956 Olympics and earned two medals in the shot put. Werner won the European title in this event in 1958 and finished fifth in 1954.
04/01/1920
William Colby, American intelligence officer, 10th Director of Central Intelligence (died 1996)
William Egan Colby was an American intelligence officer who served as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from September 1973 to January 1976. During World War II, Colby served with the Office of Strategic Services. After the war, he joined the newly created Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
Rosalie Crutchley, British actress (died 1997)
Rosalie Sylvia Crutchley was a British actress. Trained at the Royal Academy of Music, she was perhaps best known for her television performances, but had a long and successful career in theatre and films, making her stage debut in 1932 and her screen debut in 1947.
04/01/1916
Lionel Newman, American pianist and composer (died 1989)
Lionel Newman was an American conductor, pianist, and film and television composer. He won the Academy Award for Best Score of a Musical Picture for Hello Dolly! with Lennie Hayton in 1969. He is the brother of Alfred Newman and Emil Newman, uncle of composers Randy Newman, David Newman, Thomas Newman, Maria Newman, and grandfather of Joey Newman. His 11 nominations contribute to the Newmans being the most nominated Academy Award extended family, with a collective 92 nominations in various music categories.
Robert Parrish, American actor and director (died 1995)
Robert Reese Parrish was an American film editor, director, and former child actor. He won an Academy Award for Best Film Editing for his work on Body and Soul (1947).
04/01/1913
Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoan ruler (died 2007)
Malietoa Tanumafili II was a Samoan paramount chief and politician who was O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa from its independence in 1962, and the Malietoa titleholder from 1940, until his death in 2007.
04/01/1903
Georg Elser, German carpenter and attempted assassin of Adolf Hitler (died 1945)
Johann Georg Elser was a German carpenter who planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazi leaders on 8 November 1939 at the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich. Elser constructed and placed a bomb near the platform from which Hitler was to deliver a speech. It did not kill Hitler, who left earlier than expected, but it did kill 8 people and injured 62 others. Elser was held as a prisoner for more than five years until he was executed at Dachau concentration camp less than a month before the surrender of Nazi Germany.
04/01/1902
John A. McCone, American businessman and politician, 6th Director of Central Intelligence (died 1991)
John Alexander McCone was an American businessman and government official who served as Director of Central Intelligence from 1961 to 1965, during the height of the Cold War.
04/01/1901
C. L. R. James, Trinidadian journalist and theorist (died 1989)
Cyril Lionel Robert James, who sometimes wrote under the pen-name J. R. Johnson, was a Trinidadian historian, journalist, Trotskyist activist, and Marxist writer. His works are influential in various theoretical, social, and historiographical contexts. His work is a staple of Marxism, and he figures as a pioneering and influential voice in postcolonial literature. A tireless political activist, James is the author of the 1937 work World Revolution outlining the history of the Communist International, which stirred debate in Trotskyist circles, and in 1938 he wrote on the Haitian Revolution, The Black Jacobins.
04/01/1900
James Bond, American ornithologist and zoologist (died 1989)
James Bond was an American ornithologist and expert on the birds of the Caribbean, having written the definitive book on the subject: Birds of the West Indies, first published in 1936. He served as a curator of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Writer Ian Fleming adopted his name for his fictional British spy; references to the ornithologist permeate the resulting media franchise.
04/01/1897
Chen Cheng, Chinese politician, Vice President of the Republic of China (died 1965)
Chen Cheng, courtesy name Tsi-siou, was a Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese politician, military leader, revolutionary, and well as the leader of Tsotanhui Clique. He is widely regarded as the chief architect of Taiwan's post-war land reform and economic modernization programs during the 1950s.
04/01/1896
Everett Dirksen, American politician (died 1969)
Everett McKinley Dirksen was an American politician. A Republican, he represented Illinois in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. As Senate Minority Leader from 1959 until his death in 1969, he played a highly visible and key role in the politics of the 1960s. He helped write and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968, both landmark pieces of legislation during the civil rights movement. He was also one of the Senate's strongest supporters of the Vietnam War. A talented orator with a florid style and a notably rich bass voice, he delivered flamboyant speeches that caused his detractors to refer to him as "The Wizard of Ooze".
André Masson, French painter and illustrator (died 1987)
André-Aimé-René Masson was a French artist. He was a leading figure in the Surrealist movement and an influence on Abstract Expressionism. He served in the French Army from 1914 to 1915, when he was discharged due to injuries sustained in battle. During his exile in the United States during World War II, his work influenced the development of the New York School, where he influenced young American artists, most notably Jackson Pollock and Arshile Gorky.
04/01/1895
Leroy Grumman, American engineer and businessman, co-founded Grumman Aeronautical Engineering Co. (died 1982)
Leroy Randle "Roy" Grumman was an American aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and industrialist. In 1929, he co-founded Grumman Aircraft Engineering Co., later renamed Grumman Aerospace Corporation, and now part of Northrop Grumman.
04/01/1891
Edward Brooker, English-Australian sergeant and politician, 31st Premier of Tasmania (died 1948)
William Edward Brooker was a Labor Party politician. He became the interim Premier of Tasmania on 19 December 1947 while Robert Cosgrove was facing corruption charges. He died on 18 June 1948, shortly after returning the premiership to Cosgrove on 24 February 1948.
04/01/1889
M. Patanjali Sastri, Indian lawyer and jurist, 2nd Chief Justice of India (died 1963)
Mandakolathur Patanjali Sastri was the second Chief Justice of India, serving in the post from 7 November 1951 to 3 January 1954.
04/01/1884
Guy Pène du Bois, American painter, critic, and educator (died 1958)
Guy Pène du Bois was a 20th-century American painter, art critic, and educator. Born in the U.S. to a French family, his work depicted the culture and society around him: cafes, theatres, and in the twenties, flappers.
04/01/1883
Max Eastman, American author and poet (died 1969)
Max Forrester Eastman was an American writer on literature, philosophy, and society, a poet, and a prominent political activist. Moving to New York City for graduate school, Eastman became involved with radical circles in Greenwich Village. He supported socialism and became a leading patron of the Harlem Renaissance and an activist for a number of liberal and radical causes. For several years, he edited The Masses. With his sister Crystal Eastman, he co-founded in 1917 The Liberator, a radical magazine of politics and the arts.
Johanna Westerdijk, Dutch pathologist and academic (died 1961)
Johanna Westerdijk was a Dutch plant pathologist and the first female professor in the Netherlands.
04/01/1881
Wilhelm Lehmbruck, German sculptor (died 1919)
Wilhelm Lehmbruck was a German sculptor. One of the most important of his generation, he was influenced by realism and expressionism.
04/01/1878
A. E. Coppard, English poet and short story writer (died 1957)
Alfred Edgar Coppard was an English author, noted for his short stories, many of which had rural settings. Largely self-taught, he was championed by Ford Madox Ford and Arnold Bennett, among others, in his lifetime, and more recently by Frank O’Connor, Doris Lessing and Russell Banks. Some of his stories were dramatised for British television in the 1960s and 1970s.
Augustus John, Welsh painter and illustrator (died 1961)
Augustus Edwin John was a Welsh painter, draughtsman, and etcher. For a time he was considered the most important artist at work in Britain: Virginia Woolf remarked that by 1908 the era of John Singer Sargent and Charles Wellington Furse "... was over. The age of Augustus John was dawning." In the second volume of BLAST, Percy Wyndham Lewis wrote, referring to John, that the ten years up to 1914 had been "the Augustan decade." He was the younger brother of the painter Gwen John.
04/01/1877
Gibson Gowland, English film actor (died 1951)
Gibson Gowland was an English film actor.
Marsden Hartley, American painter and poet (died 1943)
Marsden Hartley was an American Modernist painter, poet, and essayist. Hartley developed his painting abilities by observing Cubist artists in Paris and Berlin.
04/01/1874
Josef Suk, Czech violinist and composer (died 1935)
Josef Suk was a Czech composer, violinist, and Olympic silver medalist. He studied under Antonín Dvořák, whose daughter he married.
04/01/1869
Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player and umpire (died 1960)
Thomas William Corcoran was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a shortstop from 1890 to 1907 for the Pittsburgh Burghers (1890), Philadelphia Athletics (1891), Brooklyn Grooms/Brooklyn Bridegrooms (1892–1896), Cincinnati Reds (1897–1906) and the New York Giants (1907). The 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Connecticut native occasionally played second base later in his career. He batted and threw right-handed.
04/01/1864
Clara Emilia Smitt, Swedish doctor and author (died 1928)
Clara Emilia Smitt was a Swedish medical doctor and writer. Between 1896 and 1902 she ran Saltsjöbadens sanatorium in Saltsjöbaden.
04/01/1858
Carter Glass, American publisher and politician, 47th United States Secretary of the Treasury (died 1946)
Carter Glass was an American newspaper publisher and Democratic politician from Lynchburg, Virginia. He represented Virginia in both houses of Congress and served as the United States secretary of the treasury under President Woodrow Wilson. He played a major role in the establishment of the U.S. financial regulatory system, helping to establish the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
04/01/1848
Katsura Tarō, Japanese general and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Japan (died 1913)
Prince Katsura Tarō was a Japanese statesman and general who served as prime minister of Japan from 1901 to 1906, from 1908 to 1911, and from 1912 to 1913. He was a genrō, or senior statesman who helped dictate policy during the Meiji era, and is the second-longest serving Japanese prime minister after Shinzo Abe, serving for a combined total of 7 years and 330 days.
04/01/1839
Carl Humann, German archaeologist, architect, and engineer (died 1896)
Carl Humann was a German engineer, architect and archaeologist. He found and excavated the Pergamon Altar.
04/01/1838
General Tom Thumb, American circus performer (died 1883)
Charles Sherwood Stratton, better known by his stage name "General Tom Thumb", was an American with dwarfism who achieved great fame as a performer under circus pioneer P. T. Barnum.
04/01/1832
George Tryon, English admiral (died 1893)
Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon, was a Royal Navy officer who died when his flagship HMS Victoria collided with HMS Camperdown during manoeuvres off Tripoli, Lebanon.
04/01/1813
Isaac Pitman, English linguist and educator (died 1897)
Sir Isaac Pitman was an English publisher and teacher of the English language who developed the most widely used system of shorthand, known now as Pitman shorthand. He first proposed this in Stenographic Soundhand in 1837. He was vice-president of the Vegetarian Society. Pitman was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1894.
04/01/1809
Louis Braille, French educator, invented Braille (died 1852)
Louis Braille was a French educator and the inventor of a reading and writing system named after him, braille, intended for use by visually impaired people. His system is used worldwide and remains virtually unchanged to this day.
04/01/1785
Jacob Grimm, German philologist and mythologist (died 1863)
Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm, also known as Ludwig Karl, was a German author, linguist, philologist, jurist, and folklorist. He formulated Grimm's law of linguistics, and was the co-author of the Deutsches Wörterbuch, the author of Deutsche Mythologie, and the editor of Grimms' Fairy Tales. He was the older brother of Wilhelm Grimm; together, they were the literary duo known as the Brothers Grimm.
04/01/1737
Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, chemist (died 1816)
Louis-Bernard Guyton, Baron de Morveau was a French chemist, politician, and aeronaut. He is credited with producing the first systematic method of chemical nomenclature.
04/01/1731
Karl Abraham Zedlitz, Prussian minister of education (died 1793)
Karl Abraham Freiherr von Zedlitz und Leipe was a Prussian minister of education who was instrumental in establishing mandatory education in Prussia, which served as a model for the public education system in the United States.
04/01/1720
Johann Friedrich Agricola, German organist and composer (died 1774)
Johann Friedrich Agricola was a German composer, organist, singer, pedagogue, and writer on music. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Flavio Anicio Olibrio.
04/01/1710
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer, violinist, and organist (died 1736)
Giovanni Battista Draghi, usually referred to as Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, was an Italian Baroque composer, violinist, and organist, leading exponent of the Baroque; he is considered one of the greatest Italian musicians of the first half of the 18th century and one of the most important representatives of the Neapolitan school.
04/01/1672
Hugh Boulter, English-Irish archbishop (died 1742)
Hugh Boulter was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh, the Primate of All Ireland, from 1724 until his death. He also served as the chaplain to George I from 1719.
04/01/1654
Lars Roberg, Swedish physician and academic (died 1742)
Lars Roberg was a Swedish physician and natural science researcher. He served as a professor of anatomy and medicine at Uppsala University.
04/01/1581
James Ussher, Irish archbishop and historian (died 1656)
James Ussher was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland between 1625 and 1656. He was a prolific Irish scholar and church leader, who today is most famous for his identification of the genuine letters of the church father, Ignatius of Antioch, and for his chronology that sought to establish the time and date of the creation as "the entrance of the night preceding the 23rd day of October ... the year before Christ 4004"; that is, around 6 pm on 22 October 4004 BC, per the proleptic Julian calendar.
04/01/1467
Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (died 1538)
Count Bodo III of Stolberg-Wernigerode, nicknamed "the Blissful", was Count of Stolberg and Hohnstein and Lord of Wernigerode from 1511 until his death.
04/01/1334
Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy (died 1383)
Amadeus VI, nicknamed the Green Count was Count of Savoy from 1343 to 1383. He was the eldest son of Aymon, Count of Savoy and Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat. Though he began his rule under a regency, Amadeus quickly proved to be a decisive and capable leader, further advancing Savoy's rise as a political and military force in Europe. His most notable achievement was leading and personally financing the Savoyard Crusade against the Turks, during which he successfully aided the Byzantine emperor and extended Savoy's influence through both warfare and diplomacy.
04/01/1077
Emperor Zhezong of China (died 1100)
Emperor Zhezong of Song, personal name Zhao Xu, was the seventh emperor of the Song dynasty of China. His original personal name was Zhao Yong but he changed it to "Zhao Xu" after his coronation. He reigned from 1085 until his death in 1100, and was succeeded by his younger half-brother, Emperor Huizong, because his son died prematurely.
04/01/0659
Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (died 680)
Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Sajjad, also known as Zayn al-Abidin was the great-grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the fourth Imam in Shia Islam, succeeding his father, Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle, Hasan ibn Ali, and his grandfather, Ali ibn Abi Talib.
Lives Remembered on 4th January
On 4th January, 99 remarkable people passed away — from 871 to 2026. Remember the lives and legacies of those we lost on this day.
04/01/2026
Michael Reagan, American political commentator (born 1945)
Michael Edward Reagan was an American conservative political commentator, Republican Party strategist and radio talk show host. He was the adopted son of former U.S. president Ronald Reagan and his first wife, actress Jane Wyman. He worked as a columnist for Newsmax.
04/01/2025
Ana Gligić, Serbian virologist (born 1934)
Ana Gligić was a Yugoslav and Serbian virologist, a specialist in medical microbiology, and a senior research associate at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine. She made important contributions to the understanding and control of viral hemorrhagic fevers, including the Marburg virus, and was instrumental in identifying the cause of the 1967 outbreak in Belgrade. Gligić also played a crucial role in halting the spread of the 1972 smallpox outbreak in Yugoslavia, and her later work included research on the West Nile virus and other zoonotic pathogens.
04/01/2024
Glynis Johns, British actress and singer (born 1923)
Glynis Margaret Payne Johns was a British actress and singer. In a career exceeding seven decades on stage and screen, Johns appeared in more than 60 films and 30 plays. She received various accolades throughout her career, including a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award, as well as nominations for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award and a Laurence Olivier Award. Before her death at age 100, she was considered one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood and classical years of British cinema.
David Soul, American-British actor and singer (born 1943)
David Soul was an American-British actor and singer. With a career spanning five decades, he rose to prominence for portraying Detective Kenneth "Hutch" Hutchinson in the American television series Starsky & Hutch from 1975 to 1979. His other notable roles included Joshua Bolt on Here Come the Brides from 1968 to 1970 and as the lead actor in the 1979 American TV movie Salem's Lot. Soul also portrayed Officer John Davis in the 1973 movie Magnum Force.
Christian Oliver, German actor (born 1972)
Christian Oliver was a German actor who was mainly known for his role in the Cobra 11 television series.
04/01/2023
Rosi Mittermaier, German alpine skier and Olympic champion (born 1950)
Rosa Anna Katharina Mittermaier-Neureuther was a German alpine skier. She was the overall World Cup champion in 1976 and a double gold medalist at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
04/01/2021
Tanya Roberts, American actress (born 1949)
Tanya Roberts was an American actress. Some of her credits include playing Julie Rogers in the final season of the television series Charlie's Angels (1980–1981), Stacey Sutton in the James Bond film A View to a Kill (1985), Kiri in The Beastmaster (1982), Sheena in Sheena: Queen of the Jungle (1984), and Midge Pinciotti on That '70s Show (1998–2004).
04/01/2020
Tom Long, Australian actor (born 1968)
Thomas Andrew Long was an Australian film and television actor. He played court official and avid surfer Angus in the late 1990s TV series SeaChange and Brenden Abbott in the 2003 Australian TV movie The Postcard Bandit.
04/01/2019
Harold Brown, 14th United States Secretary of Defense (born 1927)
Harold Brown was an American nuclear physicist who served as United States Secretary of Defense from 1977 to 1981, under President Jimmy Carter. Previously, in the John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson administrations, he held the posts of Director of Defense Research and Engineering (1961–1965) and United States Secretary of the Air Force (1965–1969).
04/01/2017
Milt Schmidt, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and general manager (born 1918)
Milton Conrad Schmidt was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre, coach and general manager, mostly for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL), He was a member of the famed "Kraut Line" with teammates Bobby Bauer and Woody Dumart. The trio led the Bruins to two Stanley Cup championships and became the first line to finish first, second and third in NHL scoring, in 1939–40. He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961. In 2017, Schmidt was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.
Georges Prêtre, French orchestral and opera conductor (born 1924)
Georges Prêtre was a French orchestral and opera conductor.
04/01/2016
S. H. Kapadia, Indian lawyer, judge, and politician, 38th Chief Justice of India (born 1947)
Sarosh Homi Kapadia was the 38th Chief Justice of India. He was the first chief justice born after the partition of India.
Stephen W. Bosworth, American academic and diplomat, United States Ambassador to South Korea (born 1939)
Stephen Warren Bosworth was an American academic and diplomat. He served as Dean of The Fletcher School at Tufts University and served as United States Special Representative for North Korea Policy from March 2009 to October 2011. He served three times as a U.S. Ambassador, to Tunisia (1979–1981), to the Philippines (1984–1987), and to South Korea (1997–2001). In 1987, he received the American Academy of Diplomacy's Diplomat of the Year Award.
04/01/2015
Pino Daniele, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1955)
Giuseppe "Pino" Daniele was an Italian singer-songwriter and musician. His influences covered a wide number of genres, including pop, blues, jazz, and Italian and Middle Eastern music.
04/01/2013
Anwar Shamim, Pakistani general (born 1931)
Mohammad Anwar Shamim was a former fighter pilot who was the Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force, serving in the post from 1978 until retiring in 1985.
Zoran Žižić, Montenegrin politician, 4th Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (born 1951)
Zoran Žižić was a Yugoslav and Montenegrin politician. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Montenegro in the first two Đukanović cabinets from 1991 to 1996, and was the first Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia following the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević in 2000.
04/01/2012
Eve Arnold, American photographer and journalist (born 1912)
Eve Arnold, OBE (honorary), FRPS (honorary) was an American photojournalist and long time resident of Mayfair in the UK. She joined Magnum Photos agency in 1951, and became a full member in 1957. She was the first woman to join the agency. She frequently photographed and was trusted by Marilyn Monroe, her work included candid-style photos on the set and post set of The Misfits (1961). Marilyn had invited Arnold, to John F. Kennedy's birthday party, to photograph her singing but she was too exhausted from other work to attend and always regretted declining the commission.
Rod Robbie, English-Canadian architect, designed the Canadian Pavilion and Rogers Centre (born 1928)
Roderick George Robbie was a British-born Canadian architect and planner. He was known for his design of the Canadian Pavilion at Expo 67 and Toronto's Rogers Centre (SkyDome).
04/01/2011
Coen Moulijn, Dutch footballer (born 1937)
Coenraadt "Coen" Moulijn was a Dutch professional footballer. He spent nearly his entire club career with Feyenoord, winning several trophies. He also played for the Netherlands national team.
Gerry Rafferty, Scottish singer-songwriter (born 1947)
Gerald Rafferty was a Scottish singer-songwriter. He was a founding member of Stealers Wheel, whose biggest hit was "Stuck in the Middle with You" in 1973. His solo hits in the late 1970s included "Baker Street", "Right Down the Line" and "Night Owl".
Salmaan Taseer, Pakistani businessman and politician, 26th Governor of Punjab, Pakistan (born 1944)
Salman Taseer was a Pakistani businessman and politician, who served as the 34th Governor of Punjab from May 2008 until his assassination in January 2011.
Mohamed Bouazizi, Tunisian street vendor who caused the Tunisian Revolution, which was the first revolution in the Arab Spring. (born 1984)
Tarek El-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi was a Tunisian street vendor who, in response to the confiscation of his wares as well as the harassment and humiliation inflicted by municipal officials and their aides, set himself on fire on 17 December 2010 in Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia. His act of self-immolation was the most immediate cause of the Tunisian Revolution, which was the first revolution in the wider Arab Spring against autocratic regimes.
04/01/2010
Johan Ferrier, Surinamese educator and politician, 1st President of Suriname (born 1910)
Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier was a Surinamese politician who served as the first president of Suriname from 1975 to 1980. He was also the country's last governor-general before independence, serving from 1968 to 1975, before becoming the first president upon independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1975 and also served as the fifth prime minister from 1955 to 1958.
Tsutomu Yamaguchi, Japanese engineer (born 1916)
Tsutomu Yamaguchi was a Japanese marine engineer who survived and witnessed both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings during World War II. Although at least 160 people are known to have been affected by both bombings, he is the only person to have been officially recognized by the government of Japan as surviving both explosions.
04/01/2009
Gert Jonke, Austrian poet, playwright, and author (born 1946)
Gert Friedrich Jonke was an Austrian poet, playwright and novelist.
04/01/2008
Xavier Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaraguan journalist (born 1932)
Xavier Chamorro Cardenal was a Nicaraguan journalist. He began his career working at his father's newspaper, La Prensa, and in 1980 became founding editor and publisher of El Nuevo Diario, a competitor newspaper.
04/01/2007
Helen Hill, American director and producer (born 1970)
Helen Wingard Hill was an American artist, filmmaker, writer, teacher, and social activist. When her final film, The Florestine Collection, was released in 2011, curators and critics praised her work and legacy, describing her, for example, as "one of the most well-regarded experimental animators of her generation".
Marais Viljoen, South African politician, 5th State President of South Africa (born 1915)
Marais Viljoen, was a South African politician who served as the last ceremonial State President of South Africa from 4 June 1979 until 3 September 1984. Viljoen became the last of the ceremonial presidents of South Africa when he was succeeded in 1984 by Prime Minister P. W. Botha, who combined the offices into an executive state presidency.
04/01/2006
Irving Layton, Romanian-Canadian poet and academic (born 1912)
Irving Peter Layton, OC was a Romanian-born Canadian poet. He was known for his "tell it like it is" style which won him a wide following but also made him enemies. As T. Jacobs notes in his biography (2001), Layton fought Puritanism throughout his life:Layton's work had provided the bolt of lightning that was needed to split open the thin skin of conservatism and complacency in the poetry scene of the preceding century, allowing modern poetry to expose previously unseen richness and depth.
Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Emirati politician, 1st Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (born 1946)
Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum was an Emirati royal and politician who served as the second vice president, first and third prime minister of the United Arab Emirates, and ruler of Dubai. He was prime minister from 1971 to 1979 and from 1990 to 2006. He served as the ruler of Dubai from 1990 to 2006. He was succeeded after his death by his brother Sheikh Mohammed as Ruler of Dubai.
Milton Himmelfarb, American sociographer, author, and academic (born 1918)
Milton Himmelfarb was an American sociographer of the American Jewish community.
04/01/2005
Bud Poile, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (born 1924)
Norman Robert "Bud" Poile was a professional ice hockey player, coach, general manager, and league executive. Bud was the brother of Don Poile, and the father of David Poile.
Frank Harary, American mathematician and academic (born 1921)
Frank Harary was an American mathematician, who specialized in graph theory. He was widely recognized as one of the "fathers" of modern graph theory. Harary was a master of clear exposition and, together with his many doctoral students, he standardized the terminology of graphs. He broadened the reach of this field to include physics, psychology, sociology, and even anthropology. Gifted with a keen sense of humor, Harary challenged and entertained audiences at all levels of mathematical sophistication. A particular trick he employed was to turn theorems into games—for instance, students would try to add red edges to a graph on six vertices in order to create a red triangle, while another group of students tried to add edges to create a blue triangle. Because of the theorem on friends and strangers, one team or the other would have to win.
Humphrey Carpenter, English radio host and author (born 1946)
Humphrey William Bouverie Carpenter was an English biographer, writer, and radio broadcaster. He is known especially for his biographies of J. R. R. Tolkien and other members of the literary society the Inklings. He won a Mythopoeic Award for his book The Inklings in 1982.
Robert Heilbroner, American economist and historian (born 1919)
Robert L. Heilbroner was an American economist and historian of economic thought. The author of some two dozen books, Heilbroner was best known for The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers (1953), a survey of the lives and contributions of famous economists, notably Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes.
04/01/2004
Brian Gibson, English director and screenwriter (born 1944)
Brian Gibson was an English film and television director.
Joan Aiken, English author (born 1924)
Joan Delano Aiken was an English writer specialising in supernatural fiction and children's alternative history novels. In 1999 she was awarded an MBE for her services to children's literature. For The Whispering Mountain, published by Jonathan Cape in 1968, she won the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, a book award judged by a panel of British children's writers, and she was a commended runner-up for the Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book by a British writer. She won an Edgar Allan Poe Award (1972) for Night Fall.
John Toland, American historian and author (born 1912)
John Willard Toland was an American writer and historian. He is best known for his biography of Adolf Hitler and a Pulitzer Prize-winning history of World War II-era Japan, The Rising Sun.
04/01/2001
Les Brown, American bandleader and composer (born 1912)
Lester Raymond Brown was an American jazz musician who for over six decades (1938–2000) led his big band, later called Les Brown and His Band of Renown.
04/01/1999
Iron Eyes Cody, American actor and stuntman (born 1904)
Iron Eyes Cody was an American actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films. Cody's film roles included the role of Chief Iron Eyes in Bob Hope's The Paleface (1948). He also played a Native American shedding a tear about pollution in one of the most well-known television public service announcements in the United States. Living in Hollywood, Cody began to insist--even in his private life--that he was Native American. Over time, he claimed membership in several different tribes. Although a 1996 newspaper report revealed that Cody was Italian-American and that his purported Native American identity was self-created, Cody denied the report.
04/01/1998
Mae Questel, American actress (born 1908)
Mae Questel was an American actress. She was best known for providing the voices for the animated characters Betty Boop and Olive Oyl.
04/01/1997
Harry Helmsley, American businessman (born 1909)
Harry Brakmann Helmsley was an American real estate billionaire whose company, Helmsley-Spear, became one of the country's biggest property holders, owning the Empire State Building, the Helmsley Building, the Graybar Building, the Flatiron Building, and some of New York's most noted hotels. His second marriage to Leona Roberts led to charges of false accounting and tax evasion as well as a celebrated trial, where Harry was judged too frail to plead, but Leona was fined and jailed.
04/01/1995
Eduardo Mata, Mexican conductor and composer (born 1942)
Eduardo Mata was a Mexican conductor and composer.
Sol Tax, American anthropologist and academic (born 1907)
Sol Tax was an American anthropologist. He is best known for creating action anthropology and his studies of the Meskwaki, or Fox Indians, for "action-anthropological" research titled the Fox Project, and for founding the academic journal Current Anthropology. He received his doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1935 and, together with Fred Eggan, was a student of Alfred Radcliffe-Brown.
04/01/1994
R. D. Burman, Indian film composer and music director (born 1939)
Rahul Dev Burman was an Indian music director and singer, who is considered to be one of the greatest and most successful music directors of the Hindi film music industry. From the 1960s to the 1990s, Burman composed musical scores for 331 films, bringing a new level of music ensemble with his compositions. Burman did his major work with legendary singers Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle and Mohammed Rafi. He also worked extensively with lyricists like Majrooh Sultanpuri, Anand Bakshi and Gulzar, with whom he created some of the most memorable numbers in his career. Nicknamed Pancham, he was the only son of the composer Sachin Dev Burman and his Bengali lyricist wife Meera Dev Burman.
04/01/1990
Harold Eugene Edgerton, American engineer and academic (born 1903)
Harold Eugene Edgerton, also known as Papa Flash, was an American scientist and researcher, a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is largely credited with transforming the stroboscope from an obscure laboratory instrument into a common device. He also was deeply involved with the development of sonar and deep-sea photography, and his equipment was used in collaboration with Jacques Cousteau in searches for shipwrecks and even the Loch Ness Monster.
Henry Bolte, Australian politician, 38th Premier of Victoria (born 1908)
Sir Henry Edward Bolte was an Australian politician who served as the 38th premier of Victoria from 1955 to 1972. He held office as the leader of the Victorian division of the Liberal Party of Australia (LPA) and was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the division of Hampden from 1947 to 1972. He is the longest-serving premier in Victorian state history, having been in office for over 17 consecutive years.
04/01/1988
Lily Laskine, French harp player (born 1893)
Lily Laskine was one of the most prominent harpists of the twentieth century who was born and died in Paris. Born Lily Aimée Laskine to Jewish parents in Paris, she studied at the Conservatoire de Paris with Alphonse Hasselmans and became a frequent performing partner of several distinguished French flautists, including Marcel Moyse and Jean-Pierre Rampal. Laskine also served as professor of harp at the Conservatoire de Paris from 1948 to 1958. She was awarded the Legion of Honour in 1958. She died in Paris.
04/01/1986
Christopher Isherwood, English-American author and academic (born 1904)
Christopher Isherwood was an English and American novelist, playwright, screenwriter, autobiographer, and diarist. His best-known works include Goodbye to Berlin (1939), a semi-autobiographical novel which was the basis for Cabaret (1966); A Single Man (1964), adapted into a film directed by Tom Ford in 2009; and Christopher and His Kind (1976), a memoir which "carried him into the heart of the Gay Liberation movement".
Phil Lynott, Irish singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (born 1949)
Philip Parris Lynott was an Irish musician who was the co-founder, lead vocalist, bassist, and primary songwriter of the hard rock band Thin Lizzy. He was noted for his distinctive pick-based style on the bass and for his imaginative lyrics, including working-class tales and numerous characters drawn from personal influences and Celtic culture.
04/01/1985
Brian Horrocks, Indian-English general (born 1895)
Lieutenant-General Sir Brian Gwynne Horrocks, was a British Army officer, chiefly remembered as the commander of XXX Corps in Operation Market Garden and other operations during the Second World War. He also served in the First World War and the Russian Civil War, was taken prisoner twice, and competed in the modern pentathlon at the 1924 Paris Olympics. Later he was a television presenter, wrote books on military history, and was Black Rod in the House of Lords for 14 years.
04/01/1975
Carlo Levi, Italian painter, author, and activist (born 1902)
Carlo Levi was an Italian painter, writer, activist, independent leftist politician, and doctor.
04/01/1969
Paul Chambers, American bassist and composer (born 1935)
Paul Laurence Dunbar Chambers Jr. was an American jazz double bassist. A fixture of rhythm sections during the 1950s and 1960s, he has become one of the most widely-known jazz bassists of the hard bop era. He was also known for his bowed solos. Chambers recorded about a dozen albums as a leader or co-leader, and more than 100 as a sideman, especially as the anchor of trumpeter Miles Davis's "first great quintet" (1955–63) and with pianist Wynton Kelly (1963–68).
04/01/1967
Donald Campbell, English racing driver and world speed record holder (born 1921)
Donald Malcolm Campbell was a British speed record breaker who broke eight absolute world speed records on water and on land in the 1950s and 1960s. He remains the only person to set both world land and water speed records in the same year (1964). He died during a water speed record attempt at Coniston Water in the Lake District, England.
04/01/1965
T. S. Eliot, American-English poet, playwright, and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1888)
Thomas Stearns Eliot was a poet, essayist and playwright. He was a leading figure of modernist poetry in the English language where he reinvigorated the art through his use of language, writing style, and verse structure. He is also noted for his critical essays, which often re-evaluated long-held cultural beliefs.
04/01/1961
Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1887)
Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger, sometimes written as Schroedinger or Schrodinger, was an Austrian theoretical physicist who developed fundamental results in quantum theory. In particular, he is recognized for devising the Schrödinger equation, an equation that provides a way to calculate the wave function of a system and how it changes dynamically in time. He coined the term "quantum entanglement" in 1935. Schrödinger shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with Paul Dirac "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory".
04/01/1960
Albert Camus, French novelist, philosopher, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1913)
Albert Camus was a French philosopher, novelist, author, dramatist, journalist, world federalist, and political activist. He was the recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44, the second-youngest recipient in history, and the first laureate in literature born in Africa. His works include The Stranger, The Plague, The Myth of Sisyphus, The Fall and The Rebel.
04/01/1944
Kaj Munk, Danish playwright and pastor (born 1898)
Kaj Harald Leininger Munk was a Danish playwright and Lutheran pastor, known for his cultural engagement and his martyrdom during the occupation of Denmark of World War II. He is commemorated as a martyr in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on 14 August, alongside Maximilian Kolbe.
04/01/1943
Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz, Greek-Polish swimmer and water polo player (born 1911)
Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz was a Polish athlete who was active as a secret agent in Greece and was collaborating with the Greek Resistance during World War II before his execution by the Germans.
Marina Raskova, Russian pilot and navigator (born 1912)
Marina Mikhaylovna Raskova was the first woman in the Soviet Union to achieve the diploma of professional air navigator. Raskova went from a young woman with aspirations of becoming an opera singer to a military instructor to the Soviet Union's first female navigator. She was the navigator to many record-setting as well as record-breaking flights and the founding and commanding officer of the 587th Bomber Aviation Regiment, a women's aviation regiment which was renamed the 125th M.M. Raskova Borisov Guards Dive Bomber Regiment in her honor. Raskova became one of over 800,000 women in the military service, founding three female air regiments, one of which eventually flew over 30,000 sorties in World War II and produced at least 30 Heroes of the Soviet Union.
04/01/1941
Henri Bergson, French philosopher and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1859)
Henri-Louis Bergson was a French philosopher who was influential in the traditions of analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until the Second World War, but also after 1966 when Gilles Deleuze published Le Bergsonisme.
04/01/1931
Art Acord, American actor and stuntman (born 1890)
Arthemus Ward "Art" Acord was an American silent film actor and rodeo champion. After his film career ended in 1929, Acord worked in rodeo road shows and as a miner in Mexico.
Louise, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom (born 1867)
Louise, Princess Royal was the third child and eldest daughter of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom. She was a younger sister of King George V. Louise was granted the title of Princess Royal in 1905. Known for her reserved and quiet nature, she remained a low-profile member of the royal family throughout her life.
Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Indian Muslim activist (born 1878)
Muhammad Ali Jawhar was an Indian politician and activist of the Indian independence movement. He was a co-founder of the All-India Muslim League and Jamia Millia Islamia.
04/01/1927
Süleyman Nazif, Turkish poet and civil servant (born 1870)
Süleyman Nazif was a Turkish poet and a prominent member of the CUP. He mastered Arabic, Persian, and French languages and worked as a civil servant during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. He contributed to the literary magazine Servet-i Fünun until it was censored by the Ottoman government in 1901.
04/01/1926
Margherita of Savoy, Queen of Italy (born 1851)
Margherita of Savoy was Queen of Italy by marriage to her first cousin King Umberto I of Italy. She was the daughter of Prince Ferdinando of Savoy, Duke of Genoa, and Princess Elisabeth of Saxony, and the mother of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.
04/01/1925
Nellie Cashman, American nurse, restaurateur, entrepreneur, and gold prospector (born 1845)
Ellen Cashman was an Irish gold prospector, nurse, restaurateur, businesswoman and philanthropist in Arizona, Alaska, British Columbia and Yukon.
04/01/1924
Alfred Grünfeld, Austrian pianist and composer (born 1852)
Alfred Grünfeld was an Austrian pianist and composer.
04/01/1920
Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish author and playwright (born 1843)
Benito María de los Dolores Pérez Galdós was a Spanish realist novelist and politician. He was a leading literary figure in 19th-century Spain, and some scholars consider him second only to Miguel de Cervantes in stature as a Spanish novelist.
04/01/1919
Georg von Hertling, German academic and politician, 7th Chancellor of the German Empire (born 1843)
Georg Friedrich Karl Freiherr von Hertling, from 1914 Count von Hertling, was a German politician of the Catholic Centre Party. He was foreign minister and minister president of Bavaria, then imperial chancellor of the German Reich and minister president of Prussia from 1 November 1917 to 30 September 1918. He was the first party politician to hold the two offices; all of his predecessors were career civil servants or military men.
04/01/1912
Clarence Dutton, American geologist and soldier (born 1841)
Clarence Edward Dutton was an American geologist and US Army officer.
04/01/1910
Léon Delagrange, French pilot and sculptor (born 1873)
Ferdinand Marie Léon Delagrange was a French sculptor and pioneering aviator.
04/01/1904
Anna Winlock, American astronomer and academic (born 1857)
Anna Winlock (1857–1904) was an American astronomer and human computer, one of the first members of female computer group known as "the Harvard Computers." She made the most complete catalog of stars near the north and south poles of her era. She is also remembered for her calculations and studies of asteroids. In particular, she did calculations on 433 Eros and 475 Ocllo.
04/01/1900
Stanisław Mieroszewski, Polish-born politician, writer, historian and member of the Imperial Council of Austria (born 1827)
Count Stanisław Mieroszewski (Mieroszowski) (1827–1900) was a Polish-born politician, writer, historian and member of the Imperial Council of Austria.
04/01/1896
Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic (born 1821)
Joseph Hubert Reinkens was the first German Old Catholic bishop.
04/01/1891
Antoine Labelle, Canadian priest (born 1833)
François-Xavier-Antoine Labelle was a Roman Catholic priest and the person principally responsible for the settlement of the Laurentians. He is also referred to as "Curé Labelle" and sometimes, the "King of the North."
04/01/1883
Antoine Chanzy, French general (born 1823)
Antoine Eugène Alfred Chanzy was a French general, notable for his successes during the Franco-Prussian War and as a governor of Algeria.
04/01/1882
John William Draper, English-American physician, chemist, and photographer (born 1811)
John William Draper was an English polymath: a scientist, philosopher, physician, chemist, historian and photographer. He is credited with pioneering portrait photography (1839–40) and producing one of the first detailed photographs of the moon in 1840. He was also the first president of the American Chemical Society (1876–77) and a founder of the New York University School of Medicine.
04/01/1880
Anselm Feuerbach, German painter and educator (born 1829)
Anselm Feuerbach was a German painter. He was the leading neoclassical painter of the German 19th-century school.
Edward William Cooke, English painter and illustrator (born 1811)
Edward William Cooke was an English landscape and marine painter, and gardener.
04/01/1877
Cornelius Vanderbilt, American businessman and philanthropist (born 1794)
Cornelius Vanderbilt, nicknamed "the Commodore", was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. After working with his father's business, he worked his way into leadership positions in inland and coastal shipping, then invested in the rapidly growing railroad industry, which transformed the geography of the United States.
04/01/1874
Thomas Gregson, English-Australian lawyer and politician, 2nd Premier of Tasmania (born 1798)
Thomas George Gregson was the second Premier of Tasmania, serving from 26 February 1857 until 25 April 1857.
04/01/1863
Roger Hanson, American general (born 1827)
Roger Weightman Hanson was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The commander of the famed "Orphan Brigade," he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Stones River. He was nicknamed "Old Flintlock."
04/01/1825
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (born 1751)
Ferdinand I was King of the Two Sicilies from 1816 until his death. Before that he had been, since 1759, King of Naples as Ferdinand IV and King of Sicily as Ferdinand III. He was deposed twice from the throne of Naples: once by the revolutionary Parthenopean Republic for six months in 1799, and again by a French invasion in 1806, before being restored in 1815 at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
04/01/1821
Elizabeth Ann Seton, American nun and saint (born 1774)
Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton was an American Catholic educator, known as a founder of the country's parochial school system. Born in New York and reared as an Episcopalian, she married and had five children with her husband William Seton. She converted to Catholicism in 1805 and established the first Catholic girls' school in the nation in Emmitsburg, Maryland. There she also founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity.
04/01/1804
Charlotte Lennox, English author and poet (born 1730)
Charlotte Lennox, née Ramsay, was a Scottish writer and a literary and cultural critic, whose publishing career flourished in London. Best known for her novel The Female Quixote (1752), she was frequently praised for her genius and literary skill. As a result, Sir Joshua Reynolds painted her portrait and she was featured in "The Nine Living Muses of Great Britain" in 1778. Samuel Johnson declared her superior to all other female writers, and Henry Fielding said that she "excelled Cervantes." Her pioneering study of Shakespeare's source material is still cited and her magazine (1760–1761) is the focus of "The Lady's Museum Project."
04/01/1786
Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher and theologian (born 1729)
Moses Mendelssohn was a German-Jewish philosopher and theologian. His writings and ideas on Jews and the Jewish religion and identity were a central element in the development of the Haskalah, or 'Jewish Enlightenment' of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Born to a poor Jewish family in Dessau, Principality of Anhalt, and originally destined for a rabbinical career, Mendelssohn educated himself in German thought and literature. Through his writings on philosophy and religion he came to be regarded as a leading cultural figure of his time by both Christian and Jewish inhabitants of German-speaking Europe and beyond. His involvement in the Berlin textile industry formed the foundation of his family's wealth.
04/01/1782
Ange-Jacques Gabriel, French architect, designed École Militaire (born 1698)
Ange-Jacques Gabriel was the principal architect of King Louis XV. His major works included the Place de la Concorde, the École Militaire, and the Petit Trianon and opera theater at the Palace of Versailles. His style was a careful balance between French Baroque architecture and French neoclassicism.
04/01/1761
Stephen Hales, English clergyman and physiologist (born 1677)
Stephen Hales was an English clergyman who made major contributions to a range of scientific fields including botany, pneumatic chemistry and physiology. He was the first person to measure blood pressure. He also invented several devices, including a ventilator, a pneumatic trough and a surgical forceps for the removal of bladder stones. In addition to these achievements, he was a philanthropist and wrote a popular tract on alcoholic intemperance.
04/01/1695
François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, French general (born 1628)
François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de Piney-Luxembourg, commonly known as Luxembourg, and nicknamed "The Upholsterer of Notre-Dame", was a French general and Marshal of France. A comrade and successor of the Great Condé, he was one of the most accomplished military commanders of the early modern period and is particularly noted for his exploits in the Franco-Dutch War and War of the Grand Alliance. Not imposing physically, as he was a slight man and hunchbacked, Luxembourg was nonetheless one of France's greatest generals.
04/01/1604
Ferenc Nádasdy, Hungarian noble (born 1555)
Count Ferenc II Nádasdy de Nádasd et Fogarasföld was a Hungarian nobleman and a distinguished soldier. His family, the Nádasdy family, was one of the wealthiest and most influential of the era in Hungary. In 1571, when Ferenc was 16, his mother, Orsolya Nádasdy, using her association with many noble families in Hungary, organized a marriage to the young Elizabeth Báthory, daughter of the Count György Báthory of Ecsed and his wife and cousin, Baroness Anna Báthory of Somlyó (1539–1570). The Báthory family were as rich and illustrious as the Nádasdy family, though older and more influential, since they had several relatives who had the charge of Nádor (palatine) of Hungary. Among them, included a cardinal, a King of Poland-Lithuania, and a Prince of Transylvania.
04/01/1584
Tobias Stimmer, Swiss painter and illustrator (born 1539)
Tobias Stimmer was a Swiss painter and illustrator. His most famous work is the paintings on the Strasbourg astronomical clock.
04/01/1428
Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (born 1370)
Frederick I, the Belligerent or the Warlike, a member of the House of Wettin, ruled as Margrave of Meissen from 1407 and as Elector of Saxony from 1423 until his death. He secured the Saxon electorship for the House of Wettin, thereby establishing the dynasty's future importance in German politics.
04/01/1424
Muzio Sforza, Italian condottiero (born 1369)
Muzio Attendolo Sforza was an Italian condottiero. Founder of the Sforza dynasty, he led a Bolognese-Florentine army at the Battle of Casalecchio. In his later years, he served Queen Joanna II of Naples and was appointed Grand Constable of Naples, commanding her forces during a period of political instability.
04/01/1399
Nicholas Eymerich, Catalan theologian and inquisitor
Nicholas Eymerich was a Roman Catholic theologian in Medieval Catalonia and Inquisitor General of the Inquisition in the Crown of Aragon in the later half of the 14th century. He is best known for authoring the Directorium Inquisitorum, that mostly summarized previous texts and mores.
04/01/1344
Robert de Lisle, 1st Baron Lisle, English peer (born 1288)
Robert de Lisle, 1st Baron Lisle was an English peer. He saw military service in Scotland, and fought at the Battle of Boroughbridge. After his wife's death, he joined the Franciscan order. He was the owner of the Lisle Psalter.
04/01/1248
Sancho II of Portugal (born 1209)
Sancho II, nicknamed Sancho the Cowled or Sancho the Capuched, alternatively, Sancho the Pious, was King of Portugal from 1223 to 1248.
04/01/0874
Hasan al-Askari, eleventh of the Twelve Imams (probable; b. 846)
Hasan al-Askari was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is regarded as the eleventh of the Twelve Imams, succeeding his father, Ali al-Hadi. Hasan Al-Askari was born in Medina in 844 and brought with his father to the garrison town of Samarra in 848, where the Abbasid caliphs held them under close surveillance until their deaths, even though neither were politically active. After the death of al-Hadi in 868, the majority of his following acknowledged his son, al-Askari, as their next Imam. Al-Askari's contact with the Shia population was restricted by the caliphs and instead, he communicated with his followers through a network of representatives. He died in Samarra in 873–874 at the age of about twenty-eight and was buried in the family home next to his father, which later developed into al-Askari shrine, a major center for Shia pilgrimage. Shia sources commonly hold the Abbasids responsible for the death of al-Askari and his father. A well-known early Shia commentary of the Quran is attributed to al-Askari.
04/01/0871
Æthelwulf, Saxon ealdorman
Æthelwulf of Berkshire was a Saxon ealdorman. In 860 he and other men of Berkshire fought off a band of pirates near Winchester, Hampshire. Later he mustered a force of 1400 men against an army of Danes, won the 31 December 870 Battle of Englefield on behalf of the then kingdom of Wessex. He received a land grant in 843/44 from Brihtwulf, king of Mercia; and lost his life at the Battle of Reading.
Celebrations & Special Days Worldwide on 4th January
Christian feast day: Angela of Foligno
Angela of Foligno was an Italian Franciscan tertiary who became known as a mystic from her extensive writings about her mystical revelations. Due to the respect those writings engendered in the Catholic Church she became known as Theologorum Magistra, as first used by Maximilian Sandaeus, later cited by Bollandus in the Acta Sanctorum.
Christian feast day: Elizabeth Ann Seton
Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton was an American Catholic educator, known as a founder of the country's parochial school system. Born in New York and reared as an Episcopalian, she married and had five children with her husband William Seton. She converted to Catholicism in 1805 and established the first Catholic girls' school in the nation in Emmitsburg, Maryland. There she also founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity.
Christian feast day: Ferréol of Uzès
Saint Ferréol (Ferreolus) of Uzès was bishop of Uzès and possibly bishop of Nîmes (553-581). His Feast Day is January 4.
Christian feast day: Mavilus
Mavilus, distinguished as Mavilus of Hadrumetum, was an early Christian martyr during the persecutions of Caracalla. He suffered martyrdom at Hadrumetum, in 212, by being thrown to wild beasts, by order of Governor Scapula.
Christian feast day: Pharaildis of Ghent
Saint Pharaildis or Pharailde is an 8th-century Belgian virgin and patron saint of Ghent. Her dates are imprecise, but she lived to a great age and died on January 5 at ninety.
Christian feast day: Rigobert
Rigobert was a Benedictine monk and later abbot of the Abbey Saint-Pierre of Orbais who subsequently succeeded Saint Rieul as bishop of Reims in 698. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.
Christian feast day: January 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
January 3 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 5
The eleventh of the Twelve Days of Christmas. (Western Christianity)
The Twelve Days of Christmas, or Twelve Days of Christmastide, is the festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus. In Western Christianity it begins with Christmas Day and includes Saint Stephen's Day, the Feast of Saint John the Apostle, Childermas, New Year's Eve or Saint Sylvester's Day, New Year's Day or the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ, and the Feast of the Holy Family. It ends with Twelfth Night or Epiphany Eve.
Independence Day (Myanmar), celebrates the independence of Myanmar from the United Kingdom in 1948.
Independence Day is a national holiday observed annually in Myanmar every 4 January. The date celebrates Myanmar's Declaration of Independence from British colonization on 4 January 1948.
Colonial Martyrs Repression Day (Angola)
The strike in Baixa do Cassange, also called Mariano's revolt and Maria's war, was a labor strike that is considered the first political movement that would trigger the Angolan War of Independence exactly one month later and the Portuguese Colonial War over the next three years in the Portuguese overseas provinces. The uprising began on 4 January 1961 in the region of Baixa do Cassanje, district of Malanje, Portuguese Angola. By the following day, the Portuguese authorities had successfully suppressed the revolt. 4 January is now Colonial Martyrs Repression Day, a national holiday in Angola.
Day of the Martyrs (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
This is a list of holidays in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Ogoni Day (Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People)
The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), is a social movement organization representing the indigenous Ogoni people of Rivers State, Nigeria. The Ogoni contend that Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), along with other petroleum multinationals and the Nigerian government, have destroyed their environment, polluted their rivers, and provided no benefits in return for enormous oil revenues extracted from their lands.
Tokyo Dome Show: The annual Wrestle Kingdom event run by New Japan Pro-Wrestling
The January 4 Tokyo Dome Show is a professional wrestling event produced annually on January 4 in the Tokyo Dome by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), a Japan-based professional wrestling promotion. NJPW has promoted events in the venue every January 4 since Super Warriors in Tokyo Dome in 1992. Since its debut on pay-per-view in 2007, the January 4 show has been branded as Wrestle Kingdom.
World Braille Day
World Braille Day is an international day on 4 January and celebrates awareness of the importance of braille as a means of communication in the full realization of the human rights for blind and visually impaired people. The date for the event was chosen by the United Nations General Assembly via a proclamation in November 2018, and marks the birthday of Louis Braille, creator of this writing system.
What Happened on 4th January?
46 significant events took place on Tuesday, 4th January — stretching from -46 to 2019. Explore the moments that shaped history on this day.
04/01/2019
A fire in an escape room in Koszalin, Poland, kills five teenagers through carbon monoxide poisoning.
A fire in the ToNiePokój escape room in Koszalin, Poland, on 4 January 2019, killed five teenage customers and injured an adult employee. The deceased, all 15-year-old girls, were celebrating one of the girls' birthdays when a fire, fueled by leaking gas cylinders, broke out in the escape room's waiting area. Since the girls were in a room with no door handle and the windows were obstructed by "makeshift walls", they were trapped and died of carbon monoxide poisoning.
04/01/2018
Hennenman–Kroonstad train crash: A passenger train operated by Shosholoza Meyl collides with a truck on a level crossing at Geneva Station between Hennenman and Kroonstad, Free State, South Africa. Twenty people are killed and 260 injured.
On 4 January 2018, a passenger train operated by Shosholoza Meyl collided with a truck at a level crossing at Geneva Station between Hennenman and Kroonstad, in the Free State, South Africa. The train derailed, and seven of the twelve carriages caught fire. Twenty-one people were killed and 254 others were injured.
04/01/2013
A gunman kills eight people in a house-to-house rampage in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines.
The Kawit shooting was a mass murder that occurred in barangay Tabon 1 in Kawit, Philippines, on January 4, 2013. 41-year-old Ronald Baquiran Bae killed at least eight people and a dog, and wounded twelve other people with a semiautomatic pistol, before he was shot and killed by police. Another man, 27-year-old John Paul Lopez, who was said to have been employed by Bae as his house caretaker, was later arrested for assisting the gunman during the shooting by reloading his pistol magazine. The motive of the suspect is unclear, officials said.
04/01/2010
The Burj Khalifa, the current tallest building in the world, officially opens in Dubai.
The Burj Khalifa is a megatall skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, it is the world's tallest structure, with a total height of 829.8 m and a roof height of 828 m (2,717 ft). It has also been the tallest building in the world since its topping out in 2009, surpassing Taipei 101, which had held the record since 2004.
04/01/2008
A Let L-410 Turbolet crashes in the Los Roques Archipelago in Venezuela, killing 14 people.
The Let L-410 Turbolet is a twin-engine short-range transport aircraft designed and produced by the Czech aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice.
04/01/2007
The 110th United States Congress convenes, electing Nancy Pelosi as the first female Speaker of the House in U.S. history.
The 110th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the Presidency of George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census.
04/01/2006
Ehud Olmert becomes acting Prime Minister of Israel after the incumbent, Ariel Sharon, suffers a second, apparently more serious stroke.
Ehud Olmert is an Israeli politician and lawyer who served as the prime minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009.
04/01/2004
Spirit, a NASA Mars rover, lands successfully on Mars at 04:35 UTC.
Spirit, also known as MER-A or MER-2, is a Mars robotic rover, active from 2004 to 2010. Spirit was operational on Mars for 2208 sols or 3.3 Martian years. It was one of two rovers of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Spirit landed successfully within the impact crater Gusev on Mars at 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin, Opportunity (MER-B), which landed on the other side of the planet. Its name was chosen through a NASA-sponsored student essay competition. The rover got stuck in a "sand trap" in late 2009 at an angle that hampered recharging of its batteries; its last communication with Earth was on March 22, 2010.
Mikheil Saakashvili is elected President of Georgia following the November 2003 Rose Revolution.
Mikheil "Misha" Saakashvili is a Georgian-Ukrainian politician. He was the third president of Georgia for two consecutive terms from January 2004 to November 2013, with a break from November 2007 to January 2008 after he stepped down following anti-government demonstrations and ahead of an early presidential election. He is the founder and former chairman of Georgia's United National Movement party. From May 2015 until November 2016, Saakashvili was the governor of Ukraine's Odesa Oblast.
04/01/2000
A Norwegian passenger train departing from Trondheim, collides with a local train coming from Hamar in Åsta in Åmot Municipality; 19 people are killed and 68 injured in the accident.
Trondheim, historically Kaupangen, Nidaros, and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 1 January 2026, it had a population of 218,460. Trondheim is the third most populous municipality in Norway, and is the fourth largest urban area. Trondheim lies on the south shore of Trondheim Fjord at the mouth of the Nidelva. Among the significant technology-oriented institutions headquartered in Trondheim are the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), the Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SINTEF), the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), and St. Olavs University Hospital.
04/01/1999
Former professional wrestler Jesse Ventura is sworn in as governor of Minnesota, United States.
Jesse Ventura is an American politician, Vietnam veteran, actor, and retired professional wrestler. After achieving fame in the World Wrestling Federation, he served as the 38th governor of Minnesota from 1999 to 2003. He was elected governor with the Reform Party and is the party's only candidate to win a major government office.
04/01/1998
A massive ice storm hits eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, continuing through January 10 and causing widespread destruction.
The North American Ice Storm of 1998 was a massive combination of five smaller successive ice storms in January 1998 that struck a relatively narrow swath of land from eastern Ontario to southern Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in Canada, and bordering areas from northern New York to central Maine in the United States. It caused massive damage to trees and electrical infrastructure throughout the area, leading to widespread long-term power outages. Millions were left in the dark for periods varying from days to several weeks, and in some instances, months. It led to 34 fatalities, a shutdown of activities in large cities like Montreal and Ottawa, and an unprecedented effort in reconstruction of the power grid. The ice storm led to the largest deployment of Canadian military personnel since the Korean War, with over 16,000 Canadian Forces personnel deployed, 12,000 in Quebec and 4,000 in Ontario at the height of the crisis.
04/01/1990
In Pakistan's deadliest train accident an overloaded passenger train collides with an empty freight train, resulting in 307 deaths and 700 injuries.
The Sukkur rail disaster occurred on 4 January 1990 in the village of Sangi, near Sukkur in Sindh, Pakistan, claiming 307 lives. This makes it the deadliest rail accident in the country's history.
04/01/1989
Second Gulf of Sidra incident: A pair of Libyan MiG-23 "Floggers" are shot down by a pair of US Navy F-14 Tomcats during an air-to-air confrontation.
On 4 January 1989, two Grumman F-14A Tomcats of the United States Navy shot down two Libyan-operated Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23ML Flogger-G which the American aircrews believed were attempting to engage and attack them, as had happened eight years prior during the 1981 Gulf of Sidra incident. The engagement took place over the Mediterranean Sea, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Tobruk, Libya.
04/01/1987
The Maryland train collision: An Amtrak train en route to Boston from Washington, D.C., collides with Conrail engines in Chase, Maryland, United States, killing 16 people.
On January 4, 1987, two trains collided on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor main line near Chase, Maryland, United States, at Gunpow Interlocking. Amtrak train 94, the Colonial, traveling north from Washington, D.C., to Boston, crashed at over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) into a set of Conrail locomotives running light that had fouled the mainline. Fourteen passengers on the Amtrak train died, as well as the Amtrak engineer and lounge car attendant.
04/01/1976
The Troubles: The Ulster Volunteer Force shoots dead six Irish Catholic civilians in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The next day, gunmen would shoot dead ten Protestant civilians nearby in retaliation.
The Troubles were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted for about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles mostly took place in Northern Ireland, at times violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England, and mainland Europe.
04/01/1975
This date overflowed the 12-bit field that had been used in TOPS-10. There were numerous problems and crashes related to this bug while an alternative format was developed.
TOPS-10 System is a discontinued operating system from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for the PDP-10 mainframe computer family. Launched in 1967, TOPS-10 evolved from the earlier "Monitor" software for the PDP-6 and PDP-10 computers; this was renamed to TOPS-10 in 1970.
04/01/1972
Rose Heilbron becomes the first female judge to sit at the Old Bailey in London, UK.
Dame Rose Heilbron, DBE was a British barrister who served later as a High Court judge. Her career included many "firsts" for a woman – she was the first woman to achieve a first class honours degree in law at the University of Liverpool, the first woman to win a scholarship to Gray's Inn, one of the first two women to be appointed King's Counsel in England, the first woman to lead in a murder case, the first woman recorder, the first woman judge to sit at the Old Bailey, and the first woman treasurer of Gray's Inn. She was also the second woman to be appointed a High Court judge, after Elizabeth Lane.
04/01/1967
The Doors released their eponymous debut album.
The Doors were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1965, comprising vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore. They are one of the most influential, innovative and controversial rock groups in music history, primarily due to their rich experimentation with a great variety of musical styles and Morrison's lyrics and voice, along with his erratic and wildly erotic stage persona and legal issues. The group is widely regarded as representative of the era's counterculture.
04/01/1965
Aeroflot Flight 101/X-20 crashes on approach to Alma-Ata Airport, killing 64 people.
Aeroflot Flight 101/X-20 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Moscow to Alma-Ata via Omsk, Soviet Union, that crashed in low visibility conditions on 4 January 1965, killing 64 of the 103 people on board.
04/01/1959
Luna 1 becomes the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon.
Luna 1, also known as Mechta, E-1 No.4 and First Lunar Rover, was the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of Earth's Moon, the first spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, and the first to be placed in heliocentric orbit. Luna 1 was launched as part of the Soviet Luna programme in 1959.
04/01/1958
Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, falls to Earth from orbit.
Sputnik 1, often referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It sent a radio signal back to Earth for three weeks before its three silver-zinc batteries became depleted. Aerodynamic drag caused it to fall back into the atmosphere on 4 January 1958.
04/01/1956
The Greek National Radical Union is formed by Konstantinos Karamanlis.
The National Radical Union was a Greek political party formed in 1956 by Konstantinos Karamanlis, mostly out of the Greek Rally party.
04/01/1951
Korean War: Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time.
The Korean War was an armed conflict fought on the Korean Peninsula between North Korea and South Korea and their allies. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union, while South Korea was supported by the United Nations led by the United States under the auspices of the United Nations Command (UNC).
04/01/1948
Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic.
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also referred to as Burma, is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by India and Bangladesh to the northwest, China to the northeast, Laos and Thailand to the east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to the south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, while its largest city is Yangon.
04/01/1946
The first day of a three-day "disastrous" tornado outbreak across the south-central United States leaves 41 people dead and at least 412 others injured.
On January 4–6, 1946, a small but violent tornado outbreak struck the South-Central United States, killing 47 people and injuring at least 412 others. L. H. Seamon with the US Weather Bureau, the predecessor of the National Weather Service, later stated it was the "most disastrous" tornado event of the year; the US Weather Bureau stated in 1960 that January 4, 1946 had "outstanding tornadoes".
04/01/1944
World War II: Operation Carpetbagger, involving the dropping of arms and supplies to resistance fighters in Europe, begins.
World War II, or the Second World War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated. Tanks and aircraft played major roles, the latter enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the only nuclear weapons used in war. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the death of 60 to 75 million people. Millions died as a result of massacres, starvation, disease, and genocides, including the Holocaust. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.
04/01/1918
The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Russia, Sweden, Germany and France.
The Finnish Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland to be independent from Russia, with reference to a bill simultaneously delivered to the Parliament to make Finland an independent republic instead.
04/01/1912
The Scout Association is incorporated throughout the British Empire by royal charter.
The Scout Association is a council that registers local Scout groups, which "are autonomous charities affiliated to The Scout Association". The organisation and its affiliated local groups have the largest enrolment within the Scout Movement in the United Kingdom. Following the rapid development of the Scout Movement from 1907, Robert Baden-Powell formed an advisory council in 1910, which was incorporated by a royal charter in 1912 under its previous name of The Boy Scouts Association. It is a founding member organisation of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.
04/01/1909
Explorer Aeneas Mackintosh of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition escaped death by fleeing across ice floes.
Aeneas Lionel Acton Mackintosh was a British Merchant Navy officer and Antarctic explorer who commanded the Ross Sea party as part of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914–1917. The Ross Sea party's mission was to support Shackleton's proposed transcontinental march by laying supply depots along the latter stages of the march's intended route. In the face of persistent setbacks and practical difficulties, Mackintosh's party fulfilled its task, although he and two others died in the course of their duties.
04/01/1903
Topsy, an elephant, is electrocuted by the owners of Luna Park, Coney Island. The Edison film company records the film Electrocuting an Elephant of Topsy's death.
Topsy was a female Asian elephant who was electrocuted to death at Coney Island, New York, in January 1903. Born in Southeast Asia around 1875, Topsy was secretly brought into the United States soon thereafter and added to the herd of performing elephants at the Forepaugh Circus, who fraudulently advertised her as the first elephant born in the United States. During her 25 years at Forepaugh, Topsy gained a reputation as a "bad" elephant and, after killing a spectator in 1902, was sold to Coney Island's Sea Lion Park. Sea Lion was leased out at the end of the 1902 season and during the construction of the park that took its place, Luna Park, Topsy was used in publicity stunts and also involved in several well-publicized incidents, attributed to the actions of either her drunken handler or the park's new publicity-hungry owners, Frederic Thompson and Elmer "Skip" Dundy.
04/01/1896
Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.
Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is one of the Four Corners states, sharing a border with Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. It also borders Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, and Nevada to the west. In comparison to all the U.S. states and territories, Utah, with a population of just over three million, is the 13th-largest by area, the 30th-most populous, and the 11th-least densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two regions: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which includes the state capital, Salt Lake City, and is home to roughly two-thirds of the population; and Washington County in the southwest, which has approximately 180,000 residents. Most of the western half of Utah lies in the Great Basin.
04/01/1885
Sino-French War: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing force at Núi Bop in northern Vietnam.
The Sino-French or Franco-Chinese War, also known as the Tonkin War, was a limited conflict fought from August 1884 to April 1885 between the French Third Republic and the Qing dynasty for influence in Vietnam. There was no declaration of war.
04/01/1884
The Fabian Society is founded in London, United Kingdom.
The Fabian Society is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. It is related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.
04/01/1878
Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule.
The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire which included Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Precipitating factors included the Russian goals of recovering territorial losses endured during the Crimean War of 1853–1856, re-establishing itself in the Black Sea and supporting the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire.
04/01/1863
The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany.
The New Apostolic Church (NAC) is a Christian church of the Irvingian tradition. Its origins are in 1863, when some members of a newly formed group of apostles settled in Germany to freely continue its practices to teach and baptize. The split left the Catholic Apostolic Church on one side and the Hamburg congregation on the other.
04/01/1854
The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang.
The Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands is an Australian external territory in the southern Indian Ocean. Discovered in the mid-19th century, the territory is a group of sub-Antarctic volcanic islands that lie on the Kerguelen Plateau. It is about 4000 kilometres (2500 mi) south-west of the Australian mainland and 1700 kilometres (1100 mi) north of Antarctica. The territory contains Australia's only active volcanoes and is home to its highest point outside the Australian Antarctic Territory, Mawson Peak. The territory is uninhabited and has been described as one of the most remote places on Earth.
04/01/1853
After having been kidnapped and sold into slavery in the American South, Solomon Northup regains his freedom; his memoir Twelve Years a Slave later becomes a national bestseller.
Solomon Northup was an American abolitionist and the primary author of the memoir Twelve Years a Slave. A free-born American of mixed race from New York, he was the son of a freed slave and a free woman of color. Northup was a professional violinist, farmer, and landowner in Washington County, New York. In 1841, he was offered a traveling musician's job and went to Washington, D.C. ; there, he was drugged and kidnapped into slavery. He was shipped to New Orleans on April 24, 1841 by James H. Birch aboard the Brig Orleans from Richmond, VA. Northup was purchased by a planter and held as a slave for nearly twelve years in the Red River region of Louisiana; mostly in Avoyelles Parish. He remained enslaved until he met Samuel Bass, a Canadian working on his plantation who helped get word to New York, where state law provided aid to free New York citizens who had been kidnapped and sold into slavery. His family and friends enlisted the aid of the governor of New York, Washington Hunt, and Northup regained his freedom on January 3, 1853.
04/01/1844
The first issue of the Swedish-languaged Saima newspaper founded by J. V. Snellman is published in Kuopio, Finland.
Saima was a Swedish language weekly newspaper which was published in Kuopio, Finland in the 1840s. It was one of the first Swedish language newspapers in Finland. The paper adopted the libertarian theory of the press which would lead to its closure in 1846 soon after its start in 1844.
04/01/1798
Constantine Hangerli arrives in Bucharest, Wallachia, as its new Prince, invested by the Ottoman Empire.
Constantine Hangerli, also written as Constantin Hangerliu, was a Prince of Wallachia between 1797 and the time of his death. He was the brother of Alexander Hangerli, who served as Prince of Moldavia in 1807.
04/01/1762
Great Britain declares war on Spain, which meant the entry of Spain into the Seven Years' War.
Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union (EU) member state. Spanning the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands, in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean; the Balearic Islands, in the Western Mediterranean Sea; and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar and Morocco, through its exclaves in North Africa; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Málaga, Murcia, and Palma de Mallorca.
04/01/1717
The Netherlands, Great Britain, and France sign the Triple Alliance.
The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, also known as the United Provinces (of the Netherlands), and referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation and great power that existed from 1588 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands and the first independent Dutch nation state. The republic was established after seven Dutch provinces in the Spanish Netherlands revolted against Spanish rule, forming a mutual alliance against Spain in 1579 (the Union of Utrecht) and declaring their independence in 1581 (the Act of Abjuration), after which they confederated in 1588 (the Instruction of 12 April 1588) after the States General could not agree on a new monarch. The seven provinces it comprised were Groningen (present-day Groningen), Frisia (present-day Friesland), Overijssel (present-day Overijssel), Guelders (present-day Gelderland), Utrecht (present-day Utrecht), Holland (present-day North Holland and South Holland), and Zeeland (present-day Zeeland).
04/01/1649
English Civil War: The Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.
The Rump Parliament was what remained of the Long Parliament after Pride's Purge on 6 December 1648, when Colonel Thomas Pride commanded his soldiers to exclude from the House of Commons those members who were against the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason. The Rump was dissolved by Oliver Cromwell in 1653 and replaced by the Barebone's Parliament. After Richard Cromwell's removal from power in 1659, the Rump was briefly reinstated.
04/01/1642
English Civil War: King Charles I, accompanied by 400 soldiers, attempts to arrest five members of Parliament for treason, only to discover the men had been tipped off and fled.
Charles I was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.
04/01/0871
Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army.
The Battle of Reading was a victory for a Danish Viking army over a West Saxon force on or about 4 January 871 at Reading in Berkshire. The Vikings were led by Bagsecg and Halfdan Ragnarsson and the West Saxons by King Æthelred and his brother, the future King Alfred the Great. It was the second of a series of battles that took place following an invasion of Wessex by the Danish army in December 870.
01/01/1970
Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina.
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general, statesman, and author who was the dictator of the Roman Republic almost continuously from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC. A member of the First Triumvirate, he led the Roman armies through the Gallic Wars and defeated his political rival Pompey in Caesar's civil war. He consolidated power and proclaimed himself dictator for life in 44 BC, helping create the political conditions that led to the collapse of the Roman Republic and the emergence of the Roman Empire. For his role in these events, he is regarded as one of history’s most influential figures.