Wednesday, 11th June 2025 in Berlin

Welcome to your daily snapshot of Berlin! It's World Pet Memorial Day. Explore 68 historical events, birthdays, deaths, and milestones that shaped this day in Berlin. From remarkable moments in local and world history to the people who left their mark — find out what makes today special. Today's weather in Berlin brings drizzly with temperatures between 12°C and 20°C. Tonight's moon is in its waning crescent phase, and the zodiac sign of the day is Gemini. If you're curious about the history of a day — this page brings together everything worth knowing about this Wednesday, 11th June in Berlin, DE.

Berlin
File:Museumsinsel Berlin Juli 2021 1 (cropped).jpg: Kasa Fue derivative work: Georgfotoart – CC BY-SA 4.0Wikimedia Commons

Berlin, the capital of Germany, is located in northeastern Germany and serves as the country's largest city and political centre. On 11 June 2025, the weather in Berlin is drizzly. The date falls under the zodiac sign of Gemini, which runs from 21 May to 20 June. The moon is in its waning crescent phase, approaching the new moon.

On this day

11 June marks several significant moments in history. In 1963, two notable events occurred: Vietnamese monk Thích Quảng Đức immolated himself in Saigon in protest against the persecution of Buddhists under South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem's Catholic-dominated administration, while the University of Alabama was desegregated after Governor George Wallace stepped aside from blocking access to an auditorium, a pivotal moment in the American civil rights movement.

More recently, on 11 June 2008, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued a formal apology to the First Nations for past governments' policies of forced assimilation, particularly regarding residential schools. This marked a watershed moment in reconciliation efforts between the Canadian state and Indigenous peoples.

World Pet Memorial Day

World Pet Memorial Day is observed on the second Tuesday of June each year, falling on 11 June in 2025. The day provides an opportunity for people to honour and remember pets that have died, acknowledging the significant emotional bond between humans and animals. The observance has been recognised since the 1990s and reflects growing acknowledgement of pet bereavement as a legitimate form of grief. Various animal welfare organisations and pet-related businesses use the day to promote compassion towards animals and support for those grieving the loss of companions.

DayAtlas provides comprehensive information for any date and location, displaying weather conditions, historical events, and notable births and deaths. Users can explore what occurred on specific days throughout history alongside atmospheric conditions and astrological details.

Find out what's happening today in Berlin.

What the Weather Had in Store for Berlin on 11th June 2025

Drizzle

Sunrise 04:43
Sunset 21:28
Sunshine duration 13:35 hours
Daylight duration 16:45 hours

Maximum temperature 20.1°C
Minimum temperature 12.2°C

Wind speed 23.2km/h from WNW
Precipitation 1.1mm

Scales balance not by weight, but by presence.

Fortune of the Day

11th June in the Stars – Star Sign Gemini

Today, the zodiac sign Gemini celebrates its birthday.

Personality Profile

Personality Those born on June 11th embody classic Gemini traits with an added layer of elegance and sensuality. Their curiosity is insatiable and their communication skills are impressive. Venus's influence makes them considerably more charming and harmonious than typical Geminis.

Strengths & Weaknesses These individuals shine through adaptability, intellectual prowess, and social finesse. Their weaknesses include superficiality and scattered attention. Impatience and restlessness can hinder their progress.

Love In relationships, they seek intellectual stimulation paired with emotional depth. Venus's imprint gifts them tenderness and sensuality. Long-term, they need partners who accept their duality.

Caree & Finance Careers in communication, sales, and media are naturally suited to them. Numerology's 8 promises success and financial ambition. They thrive in roles offering flexibility and variety.

Health Nervous tension from constant mental activity is their Achilles' heel. Regular exercise and relaxation techniques prove essential. They benefit from creative outlets like music or dance.


That night, the moon was in its waning crescent phase.


Chinese year of the Snake (Wood).

Fun Facts About 11th June

Name Days in Your Language: Barnabas, Barnaby, Barnett, Barney, Barret


Someone born on this day would be just 354 days old today — roughly 8,516 hours, 511,018 minutes, or 30,661,132 seconds spent on Earth so far.


It's the 162. day of the year. In 2025, 11th June falls on a Wednesday.


There are 203 days still to come.


We’re currently in Week 24 — the year marches on.

Famous Birthdays on 11th June

On this day, 159 notable people were born on 11th June — spanning from 1403 to 2004. From world leaders to artists and scientists, discover who shares this birthday.

11/06/2004

Katrina Scott, American tennis player

Katrina Scott is an American tennis player.


11/06/2001

Billy Gilmour, Scottish footballer

Billy Clifford Gilmour is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Serie A club Napoli and the Scotland national team. He is considered one of Scotland's best players, particularly in relation to his passing skills and his style of midfield play.


11/06/1999

Eartha Cumings, Scottish footballer

Eartha Cumings is a Scottish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Women's Super League club Manchester City and the Scotland national team.


Kai Havertz, German footballer

Kai Lukas Havertz is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward or attacking midfielder for Premier League club Arsenal and the Germany national team.


11/06/1998

Charlie Tahan, American actor

Charles Tahan is an American actor. Starting as a child actor, with appearances in the 2007 films American Loser and I Am Legend, he has progressed through teen and adult roles. His notable roles include Ben Burke in the Fox dystopian mystery thriller series Wayward Pines (2015–16), the young Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow in the Fox/DC Comics superhero drama Gotham (2014–17), and Wyatt Langmore in the Netflix original crime drama Ozark (2017–2022).


11/06/1997

Kodak Black, American rapper

Bill Kahan Kapri, known professionally as Kodak Black, is an American rapper and singer-songwriter. Born and raised in Pompano Beach, Florida, he gained initial recognition following the release of his 2014 songs "No Flockin" and "Skrt", both of which led him to sign a recording contract with Atlantic Records. The former received double platinum certification by the Recording Industry of America (RIAA), while the latter received platinum certification; "No Flockin" marked his first entry on the Billboard Hot 100 two years later as a sleeper hit. He also received local recognition around this time for a series of mixtapes he released between 2014 and 2016.


Unai Simón, Spanish footballer

Unai Simón Mendibil is a Spanish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for La Liga club Athletic Bilbao and the Spain national team.


Jorja Smith, English singer

Jorja Alice Smith is an English singer and songwriter. Born and raised in Walsall, West Midlands, she has been writing songs since the age of 11. In 2012, Smith's friend uploaded her cover of Labrinth's "Earthquake" to YouTube, which led to her discovery by record producer Guy Moot. After her first two singles received broader recognition, she signed with Sony/ATV in early 2016, releasing two EPs throughout later that year and into 2017.


11/06/1996

Philip Billing, Danish footballer

Philip Anyanwu Billing is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Danish Superliga club Midtjylland.


Ayaka Sasaki, Japanese singer

Ayaka Sasaki is a Japanese idol. She is known as a member of the female musical group Momoiro Clover Z.


11/06/1994

Ivana Baquero, Spanish actress

Ivana Baquero Macías is a Spanish actress. At the age of 11, she was chosen to star as Ofelia in Pan's Labyrinth, for which she won critical acclaim and the Goya Award for Best New Actress. In 2015, she was cast as Eretria in the television series The Shannara Chronicles.


11/06/1992

Davide Zappacosta, Italian footballer

Davide Zappacosta is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a wing-back for Serie A club Atalanta and the Italy national team.


11/06/1991

Kyle Troup, American bowler

Kyle Troup is an American professional ten-pin bowler originally from Taylorsville, North Carolina. He uses the two-handed shovel-style delivery with a dominant right hand. Troup says he needed two hands when learning to throw the ball as a young child, calling himself self-taught in that regard.


11/06/1990

Christophe Lemaitre, French sprinter

Christophe Lemaitre is a French former sprinter who specialised in the 100 and 200 metres. In 2010, Lemaitre became the first white athlete to break the 10-second barrier in an officially timed 100 m event. Lemaitre has run a sub-10 second 100 m on seven occasions: three times in 2010 and four times in 2011. He won a bronze medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 2012 London Olympic Games and in the 200 metres at the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics.


11/06/1989

Maya Moore, American basketball player

Maya April Moore is an American social justice advocate and former professional basketball player. Naming her their inaugural Performer of the Year in 2017, Sports Illustrated called Moore the "greatest winner in the history of women's basketball". Moore was selected for the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2024. In 2025, Moore was selected to be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.


11/06/1988

Jesús Fernández Collado, Spanish footballer

Jesús Fernández Collado is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.


Claire Holt, Australian actress

Claire Rhiannon Holt (born 11 June 1988) is an Australian-American actress. She made her acting debut playing Emma Gilbert in the fantasy series H2O: Just Add Water (2006–2008), before moving to the United States and making her film debut in 2009. After appearing in the television sequel Mean Girls 2 and the first two seasons of Pretty Little Liars (both 2011), she had her breakthrough playing Rebekah Mikaelson in the CW supernatural drama series The Vampire Diaries (2011–2014), The Originals (2013–2018) and Legacies (2021–2022). The role earned her acclaim and a Teen Choice Award nomination. She also starred in the NBC period crime drama series Aquarius (2015–2016), to further acclaim.


Yui Aragaki, Japanese actress, voice actress, singer-songwriter, model, radio host

Yui Aragaki is a Japanese actress, model, singer and occasional radio show host. She has been selected several times as the most desired girlfriend and the most desired female celebrity face in Oricon's yearly survey.


11/06/1987

Gonzalo Castro, German footballer

Gonzalo Castro Randón is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is also a former Germany international.


11/06/1986

Sebastian Bayer, German long jumper

Sebastian Bayer is a German long jumper best known for having history's second longest indoor long jump.


Shia LaBeouf, American actor

Shia Saide LaBeouf is an American actor and filmmaker. He played Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series Even Stevens, a role for which he received Young Artist Award nominations in 2001 and 2002 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003. He made his film debut in The Christmas Path (1998). In 2004, he made his directorial debut with the short film Let's Love Hate and later directed a short film titled Maniac (2011), starring American rappers Cage and Kid Cudi.


11/06/1985

Brad Jacobs, Canadian curler

Bradley Robert Jacobs is a Canadian curler from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He currently skips his own team out of Calgary, Alberta. He is a 2-time Olympic champion skip, having led Canada to gold medals at the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2026 Winter Olympics. Jacobs is also the 2013 Tim Hortons Brier and the 2025 Montana's Brier championship skip and the 2013 World Championship runner-up. He is a 12-time Northern Ontario provincial champion, and one-time provincial junior champion.


11/06/1984

Andy Lee, Irish boxer

Andy Lee is an Irish former professional boxer who competed from 2006 to 2017. He held the WBO middleweight title from 2014 to 2015, and in doing so became the first member of the travelling community to win a major world title. He is the second cousin of Former lineal heavyweight champion Tyson Fury. During his professional career, Lee was trained by the late Emmanuel Steward.


Vágner Love, Brazilian footballer

Vágner Silva de Souza, known as Vágner Love, is a former Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He has been described by World Soccer Magazine as possessing "mobility, flair, awareness and powerful shooting".


11/06/1983

Chuck Hayes, American basketball player

Charles Edward Hayes Jr. is an American basketball executive and former professional player who is the director of basketball operations for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). An undersized 6 ft 6 in center, he played college basketball for the University of Kentucky. From 2006 to 2015, he played in the NBA for the Houston Rockets, Sacramento Kings, and Toronto Raptors.


José Reyes, Dominican baseball player

José Bernabe Reyes is a Dominican former professional baseball infielder. He played most notably at shortstop in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets, Miami Marlins, Toronto Blue Jays, and Colorado Rockies.


11/06/1982

Vanessa Boslak, French pole vaulter

Vanessa Boslak is a French pole vaulter. She was born in Lesquin, France.


Jacques Freitag, South African high jumper (died 2024)

Jacques Freitag was a South African high jumper. Freitag is one of only eleven athletes to win World Championship titles at the youth, junior, and senior levels of an athletic event.


Reni Maitua, Australian rugby league player

Reni Maitua is a former professional rugby league footballer. An Australian and Samoan International representative player, he previously played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, with whom he won the 2004 NRL Premiership. Maitua covered a number of positions, known for typically playing on an edge as a backrow forward or centre, Maitua's skillset saw him play in the halves as well.


Eldar Rønning, Norwegian skier

Eldar Rønning is a Norwegian former cross-country skier. He skis with the Skogn IL club, in Nord-Trøndelag.


Diana Taurasi, American basketball player

Diana Lorena Taurasi is an Argentine and American former professional basketball player. She played 20 seasons in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), spending her entire WNBA career with the Phoenix Mercury. A global basketball icon, Taurasi helped grow the visibility of the women's game and is credited with elevating the standard of play in the WNBA. She is often considered the greatest player in women's basketball history and holds the all-time WNBA scoring record. She is the most decorated Olympic athlete in any team sport, winning six Olympic gold medals with the United States women's national basketball team.


11/06/1981

Emiliano Moretti, Italian footballer

Emiliano Moretti is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a centre back.


Kristo Tohver, Estonian footballer and referee

Kristo Tohver is an Estonian international referee who refereed at 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.


11/06/1980

Yhency Brazoban, Dominican baseball player

Yhency José Brazobán is a Dominican former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched in Major League Baseball for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Arizona Diamondbacks and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks. He throws and bats right-handed.


11/06/1979

Ali Boussaboun, Moroccan-Dutch footballer

Ali Boussaboun is a Dutch-Moroccan former professional footballer who played as a striker. After retiring as a player, Boussaboun worked as a scout for the Moroccan football federation.


Amy Duggan, Australian footballer and sportscaster

Amy Elizabeth Duggan is an Australian retired soccer player and media personality.


11/06/1978

Joshua Jackson, Canadian-American actor

Joshua Carter Jackson is a Canadian and American actor. He is known for his portrayals of Pacey Witter on The WB's teen drama Dawson's Creek (1998–2003), Peter Bishop in the Fox science fiction series Fringe (2008–2013), a troubled married man on Showtime's The Affair (2014–2018), and Christopher Duntsch in the Peacock crime drama series Dr. Death (2021–2023). For the last of these, he was nominated for a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor. His other credits include When They See Us (2019), Little Fires Everywhere (2020), and Doctor Odyssey (2024–2025).


Daryl Tuffey, New Zealand cricketer

Daryl Raymond Tuffey is a former New Zealand cricketer who represented New Zealand in all formats internationally. Tuffey was born in Milton, Otago, and played domestic first-class cricket for Northern Districts Knights. Tuffey retired from all forms of cricket on 14 September 2012.


11/06/1977

Ryan Dunn, American stunt performer (died 2011)

Ryan Matthew Dunn was an American stunt performer, television personality, and actor. He was one of the stars of the MTV reality stunt show Jackass and its film franchise.


Geoff Ogilvy, Australian golfer

Geoff Charles Ogilvy is an Australian professional golfer. He won the 2006 U.S. Open and has also won three World Golf Championships.


11/06/1976

Reiko Tosa, Japanese runner

Reiko Tosa is a Japanese long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon race. She was born in Matsuyama, Ehime.


11/06/1974

Fragiskos Alvertis, Greek basketball player, coach, and manager

Fragiskos "Frankie" Alvertis is a Greek former professional basketball player and general manager of Panathinaikos Athens. As a player, he was the long-time captain of Panathinaikos, where he spent his whole professional career. In 1990, Alvertis joined Panathinaikos, after moving to the club from Glyfada. Alvertis is first on the list of the EuroLeague championships won by a player, with five, since the competition went to the Final Four format, beginning with the 1987–88 season. The former Italian player Dino Meneghin, is first overall, with seven EuroLeague championships won, when including all formats of the competition, dating back to the competition's inaugural 1958 season.


11/06/1973

José Manuel Abundis, Mexican footballer and coach

José Manuel Abundis Sandoval is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a forward.


11/06/1971

Vladimir Gaidamașciuc, Moldovan footballer

Vladimir Gaidamașciuc is a Moldovan former footballer who played as a midfielder for various clubs in Moldova, Ukraine and Russia. He made 45 appearances for the Moldova national team, scoring once.


Liz Kendall, British politician

Elizabeth Louise Kendall is a British politician who has served as Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology since 2025, having previously served as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions from 2024 to 2025. A member of the Labour Party, she has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Leicester West since 2010.


Mark Richardson, New Zealand cricketer

Mark Hunter Richardson is a former New Zealand cricketer. He was a left-handed opening batsman. He represented New Zealand in 38 Test matches between 2000 and 2004. During his cricketing career he played for Auckland, Buckinghamshire and Otago as well as for Dunedin Metropolitan in the Hawke Cup.


11/06/1969

Peter Dinklage, American actor and producer

Peter Hayden Dinklage is an American actor. Portraying Tyrion Lannister on the HBO television series Game of Thrones (2011–2019), he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series a record four times. Dinklage also received a Golden Globe Award in 2011 and an Actor Award in 2020 for the role.


Olaf Kapagiannidis, German footballer

Olaf Kapagiannidis is a former professional German footballer.


11/06/1968

Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein

Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein is the eldest son of Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, and Countess Marie Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau, and the heir apparent to the throne of Liechtenstein. Alois has been regent of the country since 15 August 2004, while his father remains the head of state.


Manoa Thompson, Fijian rugby player

Manoa Thompson is a Fijian former professional rugby league footballer. Primarily playing as a centre, he played his first grade career with the South Sydney Rabbitohs, Western Suburbs Magpies, and the Auckland Warriors in the NSWRL / ARL competition, as well as playing in the Super League for the Warrington Wolves. He represented the Fijian national team.


11/06/1967

Graeme Bachop, New Zealand rugby player

Graeme Thomas Miro Bachop is a former rugby union footballer from New Zealand.


João Garcia, Portuguese mountaineer

João José Silva Abranches Garcia, is a mountaineer in Portugal. His main professional activities are as organizer and guide in mountaineering expeditions. On 18 May 1999 he became the first Portuguese man to reach the summit of Mount Everest, without the use of supplementary oxygen. Three years later, in 2002, he published a book, A Mais Alta Solidão (The Highest Loneliness), in which he describes his experiences in mountain climbing, namely his 1999 expedition to Everest, where he endured bitter adversities. Nevertheless, João Garcia continued to climb and on the 17th April 2010, he summited Annapurna without the aid of supplemental oxygen, becoming the 10th man of all time to climb all 14 eight-thousanders without bottled oxygen or Sherpas.


11/06/1965

Georgios Bartzokas, Greek former professional basketball player

Georgios Bartzokas is a Greek former professional basketball player, and the current head basketball coach for Olympiacos of the Greek Basketball League (GBL) and the EuroLeague. During his career as a head coach, Bartzokas has won numerous titles. With the Greek club Olympiacos Piraeus, he won the World Club Championship title, as he won the 2013 edition of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup. He also won the championship of Europe's premiere club competition, the EuroLeague, at the 2013 EuroLeague Final Four, with Olympiacos, a feat he would eventually repeat in 2026, again with Olympiacos. Bartzokas has been named the EuroLeague Coach of the Year three times, as he won the award in the years 2013, 2022, and 2023.


11/06/1964

Jean Alesi, French racing driver

Jean Robert Alesi is a French former racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1989 to 2001. Alesi won the 1995 Canadian Grand Prix with Ferrari.


Kim Gallagher, American runner (died 2002)

Kimberly Ann "Kim" Gallagher was an American middle-distance runner who won a silver and a bronze medal at the 1984 and 1988 Olympics.


Penny Ford, American singer

Penny Ford, also known as Pennye Ford, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer from Cincinnati, Ohio, who lives in Germany. She rose to fame in the 1980s after signing a recording contract with Total Experience Records and releasing her debut solo album, Pennye. It spawned the singles "Change Your Wicked Way" and "Dangerous", which were produced and written by Ford.


11/06/1963

Britta Phillips, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress

Britta Phillips is an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer, and actress.


Sandra Schmirler, Canadian curler and sportscaster (died 2000)

Sandra Marie Schmirler was a Canadian curler who captured three Canadian Curling Championships and three World Curling Championships. Schmirler also skipped (captained) her Canadian team to a gold medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics, the first year women's curling was a medal sport. At tournaments where she was not competing, Schmirler sometimes worked as a commentator for CBC Sports, which popularized her nickname "Schmirler the Curler" and claimed she was the only person who had a name that rhymed with the sport she played. She died in 2000 at 36 of cancer, leaving a legacy that extended outside of curling. Schmirler was honoured posthumously with an induction into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and was awarded the World Curling Freytag Award, which later led to her induction into the World Curling Federation Hall of Fame.


11/06/1962

Mano Menezes, Brazilian footballer and coach

Luiz Antônio Venker Menezes, known as Mano Menezes, is a Brazilian professional football manager who is the head coach of the Peru national team.


11/06/1960

Mehmet Oz, American surgeon, author, and television host

Mehmet Cengiz Oz, also known as Dr. Oz, is an American television presenter, physician, author, educator, and government official serving as the 17th administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) since 2025.


11/06/1959

Hugh Laurie, English actor and screenwriter

James Hugh Calum Laurie is an English actor, comedian, and musician. Laurie first gained professional recognition as a member of the English comedy double act Fry and Laurie with Stephen Fry. Fry and Laurie acted together in several projects during the 1980s and 1990s, including the BBC sketch comedy series A Bit of Fry & Laurie and the P. G. Wodehouse adaptation Jeeves and Wooster. From 1986 to 1989, Laurie appeared in three series of the period comedy Blackadder.


11/06/1956

Joe Montana, American football player and sportscaster

Joseph Clifford Montana Jr. is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons, primarily with the San Francisco 49ers. Nicknamed "Joe Cool" and "the Comeback Kid", Montana is widely regarded as one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time. After winning a national championship with the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, Montana began his NFL career in 1979 at San Francisco, where he played for the next 14 seasons. With the 49ers, Montana started and won four Super Bowls and was the first player to be named the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times. He also holds Super Bowl career records for most passes without an interception and the all-time highest passer rating of 127.8. In 1993, Montana was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs, where he played for his last two seasons and led the franchise to its first AFC Championship Game. Montana was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2000.


11/06/1955

Yuriy Sedykh, Ukrainian hammer thrower (died 2021)

Yuriy Georgiyevich Sedykh was a track and field athlete who represented the Soviet Union from 1976 to 1991 in the hammer throw. He was a European, World and Olympic Champion, and holds the world record with a throw of 86.74 m in 1986.


11/06/1954

John Dyson, Australian cricketer

John Dyson is an Australian former international cricketer (batsman) who is now a cricket coach, most recently in charge of the West Indies.


11/06/1952

Yekaterina Podkopayeva, Russian runner

Yekaterina Ilyinychna Podkopayeva, née Poryvkina, is a retired middle-distance runner who represented the USSR and later Russia. She gained international recognition in 1983, when she won two bronze medals at the World Championships. The same year she managed an 800 m time of 1:55.96. She resurfaced in 1992, winning the European Indoor Championships and placing 8th in the Olympics. More victories in European and World Indoor Championships followed until she retired after the 1998 season. When she won the 1500 metres at the 1997 World Indoors, she was 44, the oldest World Indoor champion ever.


Donnie Van Zant, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Donald Newton Van Zant is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is best known as a member of the band 38 Special, from its formation in 1974 until 2013. Van Zant was the original lead vocalist for the band, appearing in that role on their first two studio albums. He is the middle of three sons; his older brother Ronnie was the original lead singer for Lynyrd Skynyrd who died in a 1977 plane crash in Mississippi, and his younger brother Johnny has been the lead singer for Lynyrd Skynyrd since 1987.


11/06/1951

Yasumasa Morimura, Japanese painter and photographer

Yasumasa Morimura is a contemporary Japanese performance and appropriation artist whose work encompasses photography, film, and live performance. He is known for his reinterpretation of recognizable artworks and figures from art history, history, and mass media through his adoption of personas that transcend national, ethnic, gendered, and racial boundaries. Across his photographic and performative series, Morimura's works explore a number of interconnected themes, including: the nature of identity and its ability to undergo change, postcolonialism, authorship, and the Western view of Japan – and Asia, more broadly – as feminine.


11/06/1949

Frank Beard, American drummer and songwriter

Frank Lee Beard is an American drummer best known as the long-time drummer of the rock band ZZ Top.


11/06/1948

Lalu Prasad Yadav, Indian politician, 20th Chief Minister of Bihar

Lalu Prasad Yadav is an Indian politician who served as the chief minister of Bihar from 1991 to 1997 and as the union minister for Railways from 2004 to 2009. He is the founding president of the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), a prominent political party in Bihar. He is also a former member of Parliament (MP) of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.


Lynsey de Paul, English singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, cartoonist and actress (died 2014)

Lynsey de Paul was an English singer-songwriter and record producer. After initially writing hits for others, she had her own chart hits in the UK and Europe in the 1970s, starting with UK top 10 single "Sugar Me", and became the first British female artist to achieve a number one with a self-written song. She represented the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 alongside Mike Moran with the song "Rock Bottom", finishing in second place and scoring another chart-topping hit in Switzerland, and had a successful career as a songwriter, record producer, actress and television celebrity.


11/06/1945

Adrienne Barbeau, American actress

Adrienne Jo Barbeau is an American actress and author. She came to prominence in the 1970s as Broadway's original Betty Rizzo in the musical Grease, and as Carol Traynor, the divorced daughter of Maude Findlay on the sitcom Maude (1972–1978). In 1980, she began appearing in horror and science fiction films, including The Fog (1980), Escape from New York (1981), Creepshow (1982), and Swamp Thing (1982). She also provided the voice of Catwoman in the DC Animated Universe. In the 2000s, she appeared on the HBO series Carnivàle (2003–2005) as Ruthie.


11/06/1943

Ray Warren, Australian sportscaster

Raymond Warren is an Australian retired sports commentator, known for his coverage of televised professional rugby league matches on the Nine Network. He is known as the "Voice of Rugby League", and called 99 State of Origin games as well as 45 NRL Grand Finals. Warren also used to call Australian swimming team events and the FINA World Championships until Nine lost the rights to these events in 2008 and in 2012 participated in Nine's coverage of the London Olympics.


11/06/1942

Parris Glendening, American politician, 59th Governor of Maryland

Parris Nelson Glendening is an American politician and academic who served as the 59th governor of Maryland from 1995 to 2003. He previously served as the county executive of Prince George's County, Maryland from 1982 to 1994 as a member of the Democratic Party. In 1999, Glendening was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.


11/06/1941

Tony Whitford, Canadian politician (died 2024)

Anthony Wilfred James Whitford was a Canadian politician, who served as the commissioner of the Northwest Territories from 2005 to 2010.


11/06/1939

Rachael Heyhoe Flint, Baroness Heyhoe Flint, English cricketer and journalist (died 2017)

Rachael Heyhoe Flint, Baroness Heyhoe Flint, was an English cricketer, businesswoman, and philanthropist. She was best known for being captain of England from 1966 to 1978, and was unbeaten in six Test series: in total, she played for the English women's cricket team from 1960 to 1982. Heyhoe Flint was captain when her team won the inaugural 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup, which England hosted. She was also the first female cricketer to hit a six in a Test match, and one of the first ten women to become a member of the MCC.


Jackie Stewart, Scottish racing driver and sports presenter

Sir John Young Stewart is a British former racing driver, broadcaster and motorsport executive from Scotland who competed in Formula One from 1965 to 1973. Nicknamed "the Flying Scot", Stewart won three Formula One World Drivers' Championship titles with Tyrrell, and—at the time of his retirement—held the records for most wins (27) and podium finishes (43).


11/06/1937

Chad Everett, American actor and director (died 2012)

Raymon Lee Cramton, known professionally as Chad Everett, was an American actor who appeared in more than 40 films and television series. He played Dr. Joe Gannon in the television drama Medical Center, which aired from 1969 to 1976.


Robin Warren, Australian pathologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2024)

John Robin Warren was an Australian pathologist, Nobel laureate, and researcher who is credited with the 1979 re-discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, together with Barry Marshall. The duo proved to the medical community that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the cause of most peptic ulcers.


11/06/1933

Gene Wilder, American actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2016)

Gene Wilder was an American actor, author, comedian, writer and filmmaker. He was mainly known for his comedic roles, including his collaborations with Mel Brooks on the films The Producers (1967), Blazing Saddles and Young Frankenstein, and with Richard Pryor in the films Silver Streak (1976), Stir Crazy (1980), See No Evil, Hear No Evil (1989) and Another You (1991), as well as his portrayal of Willy Wonka in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971).


11/06/1932

Athol Fugard, South African-American actor, director, and playwright (died 2025)

Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard was a South African playwright, novelist, actor and director. Widely regarded as South Africa's greatest playwright and acclaimed as "the greatest active playwright in the English-speaking world" by Time magazine in 1985, he published more than thirty plays. He is best known for his political and penetrating plays opposing the system of apartheid, some of which have been adapted to film. His novel Tsotsi was adapted as a film of the same name, which won an Academy Award in 2005. Three plays he wrote, and two plays he co-authored, were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play.


Tim Sainsbury, English businessman and politician, Minister of State for Trade

Sir Timothy Alan Davan Sainsbury is a Conservative politician and businessman in the United Kingdom.


11/06/1930

Charles Rangel, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (died 2025)

Charles Bernard Rangel was an American politician who served as U.S. representative for districts in New York City for 46 years. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the second-longest serving incumbent member of the House of Representatives at the time of his retirement in 2017, having served continuously since 1971, and the ninth-longest serving in history. As its most senior member, he was also the dean of New York's congressional delegation. Rangel was the first African American chair of the influential House Ways and Means Committee. He was also a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus.


11/06/1928

Queen Fabiola of Belgium (died 2014)

Fabiola Fernanda María-de-las-Victorias Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragón was Queen of the Belgians as the wife of King Baudouin from their marriage in 1960 until his death in 1993. The couple had no children, as all five of Fabiola's pregnancies resulted in miscarriage, so the Crown passed to her husband's younger brother, King Albert II.


11/06/1927

Beryl Grey, English ballerina (died 2022)

Dame Beryl Elizabeth Grey was a British ballet dancer.


11/06/1926

Carlisle Floyd, American composer and educator (died 2021)

Carlisle Sessions Floyd was an American composer primarily known for his operas. These stage works, for which he wrote not only the music but also the librettos, typically engage with themes from the American South, particularly the Post-civil war South, the Great Depression and rural life. His best known opera, Susannah, is based on a story from the Biblical Apocrypha, transferred to contemporary rural Tennessee, and written for a Southern dialect. It was premiered at Florida State University in 1955, with Phyllis Curtin in the title role. When it was staged at the New York City Opera the following year, the reception was initially mixed; some considered it a masterpiece, while others degraded it as a 'folk opera'. Subsequent performances led to an increase in Susannah's reputation and the opera quickly became among the most performed of American operas.


11/06/1925

William Styron, American novelist and essayist (died 2006)

William Clark Styron Jr. was an American novelist and essayist who won major literary awards for his work, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1968 for The Confessions of Nat Turner.


11/06/1922

Jean Sutherland Boggs, Peruvian-Canadian historian, academic, and civil servant (died 2014)

Jean Sutherland Boggs D. Litt. LL. D. was a Canadian academic, art historian and civil servant. She was the first female Director of both the National Gallery of Canada and the Philadelphia Museum of Art. She was also a specialist in the work of Edgar Degas and Picasso.


Michael Cacoyannis, Greek Cypriot director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2011)

Michalis Kakogiannis, usually credited as Michael Cacoyannis or Michael Yannis, was a Greek Cypriot filmmaker, theatre director, and playwright. He is best known for writing, directing, producing, and editing Zorba the Greek (1964), an adaptation of Nikos Kazantzakis' novel of the same name. He also directed the 1983 Broadway revival of the musical based on the film in addition to writing, directing, designing, and translating dozens of stage play and opera productions.


11/06/1920

Hazel Scott, Trinidadian-American singer, actress, and pianist (died 1981)

Hazel Dorothy Scott was an American jazz and classical pianist and singer. An outspoken critic of racial discrimination and segregation, she used her influence to improve the representation of Black Americans in film.


Keith Seaman, Australian lawyer and politician, 29th Governor of South Australia (died 2013)

Sir Keith Douglas Seaman was Governor of South Australia from 1 September 1977 until 28 March 1982. He was the second successive governor to have been a minister of religion, Seaman being a minister in then recently merged Uniting Church in Australia.


11/06/1919

Suleiman Mousa, Jordanian historian and author (died 2008)

Suleiman Mousa was a Jordanian author and historian born in Al-Rafeed, a small village north of the city of Irbid. He wrote up to fifty books of which most prominent are Biography of Sharif Hussein Bin Ali, Jordan in the 1948 War, Great Arab Revolt, History of Jordan in the 20th century, and was the first and only Arab author to write about Lawrence of Arabia and show the Arab perspective.


Richard Todd, Irish-English actor (died 2009)

Richard Andrew Palethorpe-Todd was a British actor known for his leading man roles of the 1950s. He received a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Male, and an Academy Award for Best Actor nomination and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance as Corporal Lachlan MacLachlan in the 1949 film The Hasty Heart. His other notable roles include Jonathan Cooper in Stage Fright (1950), Wing Commander Guy Gibson in The Dam Busters (1955), Sir Walter Raleigh in The Virgin Queen (1955), and Major John Howard in The Longest Day (1962). He was previously a Captain in the British Army during the Second World War, fighting in the D-Day landings as a member of the 7th Parachute Battalion.


11/06/1918

Ruth Aarons, American table tennis player and manager (died 1980)

Ruth Hughes Aarons was a US table tennis player, vaudeville entertainer, and talent manager.


11/06/1915

Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (died 1997)

Magdolna Gabor was a Hungarian and American socialite and actress, and the elder sister of Zsa Zsa and Eva Gabor.


Nicholas Metropolis, American mathematician and physicist (died 1999)

Nicholas Constantine Metropolis was a Greek-American physicist.


11/06/1914

Jan Hendrik van den Berg, Dutch psychiatrist and academic (died 2012)

Jan Hendrik van den Berg was a Dutch psychiatrist notable for his work in phenomenological psychotherapy and metabletics, or "psychology of historical change." He is the author of numerous articles and books, including A different existence and The changing nature of man.


11/06/1913

Vince Lombardi, American football player, coach, and manager (died 1970)

Vincent Thomas Lombardi was an American professional football coach and executive in the National Football League (NFL). Lombardi is considered by many to be among the greatest coaches and leaders in American sports. He is best known as the head coach of the Green Bay Packers during the 1960s, where he led the team to three straight and five total NFL Championships in seven years, in addition to winning the first two Super Bowls at the conclusion of the 1966 and 1967 NFL seasons.


Risë Stevens, American soprano and actress (died 2013)

Risë Stevens was an American operatic mezzo-soprano and actress. Beginning in 1938, she sang for the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for more than two decades during the 1940s and 1950s. She was most noted for her portrayals of the central character in Carmen by Georges Bizet. From 1963 to 1968 she was director of the Metropolitan Opera National Company.


11/06/1912

James Algar, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1998)

James Algar was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He worked at Walt Disney Productions for 43 years and received the Disney Legends award in 1998. He was born in Modesto, California and died in Carmel, California.


William Baziotes, American painter and academic (died 1963)

William Baziotes was an American painter influenced by Surrealism and was a contributor to Abstract Expressionism.


Mohammad Hassan Ganji, Iranian meteorologist and academic (died 2012)

Mohammad Hassan Ganji, Ph.D. was an Iranian meteorologist and academic. He was born in Birjand. He is credited as being the father of modern geography in Iran.


11/06/1910

Carmine Coppola, American flute player and composer (died 1991)

Carmine Valentino Coppola was an American composer, flutist, pianist, and songwriter who contributed original music to the films The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, Apocalypse Now, The Outsiders, The Black Stallion, and The Godfather Part III. He is the father of film director Francis Ford Coppola. In the course of his career, he won both the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score, in addition to nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Original Music and Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.


Jacques Cousteau, French biologist, author, and inventor, co-developed the aqua-lung (died 1997)

Jacques-Yves Cousteau was a French naval officer, oceanographer, filmmaker and author. He co-invented the first successful open-circuit self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA), called the Aqua-Lung, which assisted him in producing some of the first underwater documentaries.


11/06/1909

Natascha Artin Brunswick, German-American mathematician and photographer (died 2003)

Natascha Artin Brunswick was a Russian-American mathematician and photographer.


11/06/1908

Karl Hein, German hammer thrower (died 1982)

Karl Hein was a German hammer thrower who won a gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Francisco Marto, Portuguese saint (died 1919)

Francisco de Jesus Marto and Jacinta de Jesus Marto were siblings from Aljustrel, a small hamlet near Fátima, Portugal, who, with their cousin Lúcia dos Santos (1907–2005), reportedly witnessed three apparitions of the Angel of Peace in 1916, and several apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Cova da Iria in 1917. The title Our Lady of Fátima was given to the Virgin Mary as a result, and the Sanctuary of Fátima became a major centre of global Catholic pilgrimage.


11/06/1902

Eric Fraser, British illustrator and graphic designer (died 1983)

Eric George Fraser was a British illustrator and graphic artist. He was famous in the public mind for contributions to the Radio Times, and as the creator in 1931 of 'Mr Therm' in adverts for the Gas Light and Coke Company.


11/06/1901

Cap Fear, Canadian football player and rower (died 1978)

Alfred Henry "Cap" Fear was a star football player in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for seven seasons for the Toronto Argonauts. He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1967 and into the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1975.


Benny Wearing, Australian rugby league player (died 1968)

Benny Wearing was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s. An Australian international and New South Wales representative three-quarter, he played his club football in the NSWRFL Premiership for South Sydney. Wearing was the third player in Australian rugby league history to score 100 premiership tries.


11/06/1899

Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese novelist and short story writer Nobel Prize laureate (died 1972)

Yasunari Kawabata was a Japanese novelist and short story writer whose spare, lyrical, subtly-shaded prose works won him the 1968 Nobel Prize in Literature, the first Japanese author to receive the award. His works have enjoyed broad international appeal and are still widely read.


11/06/1897

Ram Prasad Bismil, Indian activist, founded the Hindustan Republican Association (died 1927)

Ram Prasad Bismil was an Indian poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, participating in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925. He composed in Urdu and Hindi under pen names Ram, Agyat अज्ञात (anonymous) and Bismil (wounded), becoming widely known under the latter. "Bismil" was not his real surname; it was his pen name. Pandit was an honorific title conferred to him due to his specialised knowledge on several subjects. He was also a translator.


Reg Latta, Australian rugby league player (died 1970)

Reginald Augustine 'Whip' Latta (1897–1970) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s and 1920s who also became a coach. An Australia national and New South Wales state representative forward, he played his club football in Sydney for the Balmain club, with whom he won five premierships. Latta also coached the team.


11/06/1895

Nikolai Bulganin, Soviet politician (died 1975)

Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 1955 to 1958. He also served as Minister of Defense, following service in the Red Army during World War II.


11/06/1894

Kiichiro Toyoda, Japanese businessman, founded Toyota (died 1952)

Kiichiro Toyoda was a Japanese engineer and businessman, and the son of Toyoda Loom Works founder Sakichi Toyoda. His decision to change Toyoda's focus from automatic loom manufacture into automobile manufacturing created what later became Toyota.


11/06/1889

Hugo Wieslander, Swedish decathlete (died 1976)

Karl Hugo Wieslander was a Swedish athlete. He set the inaugural world record in the pentathlon in Gothenburg in 1911 with a score of 5516 points. The following year, he finished second in the decathlon at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, 688 points behind Jim Thorpe. In 1913, after it was discovered that Thorpe had played semi-professional baseball for a minor league team, Thorpe was disqualified for not being an amateur. Wieslander was declared the winner of the 1912 Olympics event and awarded the gold medal, which he refused to accept. In 1982, Thorpe was reinstated by the IOC with Hugo Wieslander as joint winners of the 1912 Olympic decathlon. The IOC announced 15 July 2022 that Thorpe's gold medal had been reinstated and Wieslander, whose family had considered Thorpe the rightful winner, became the silver medalist.


11/06/1888

Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian-American anarchist and convicted criminal (died 1927)

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants and anarchists, controversially accused of murdering Alessandro Berardelli and Frederick Parmenter, a guard and a paymaster, during the April 15, 1920, armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States. Seven years later, they were executed in the electric chair at Charlestown State Prison. Most historians consider their conviction unfair due to prejudice against immigrants and radicals.


11/06/1881

Spiros Xenos, Greek-Swedish painter (died 1963)

Spiros George Xenos was a Greek-Swedish artist.


Mordecai Kaplan, Lithuanian rabbi, founded Reconstructionist Judaism (died 1983)

Mordecai Menahem Kaplan was an American Conservative rabbi, writer, Jewish educator, professor, theologian-philosopher, activist, and religious leader who founded the Reconstructionist movement of Judaism with his son-in-law, Rabbi Ira Eisenstein. He has been described as a "towering figure" in the recent history of Judaism for his influential work in adapting it to modern society, contending that Judaism should be a unifying and creative force by stressing the cultural and historical character of the religion as well as theological doctrine.


Maggie Gripenberg, Finnish dancer and choreographer (died 1976)

Margarita Maria “Maggie” Gripenberg was a pioneer of modern dance in Finland. She was the first to introduce Dalcroze Eurhythmics to Finland and modeled her early works on the improvisational style of Isadora Duncan. As a dancer, choreographer and teacher, she laid the educational foundations for the study of movement and dance. She was recognized by numerous awards for her choreographic work as well as being honored with the Pro Finlandia Medal and as a knight of the Order of the White Rose of Finland.


11/06/1880

Jeannette Rankin, American social worker and politician (died 1973)

Jeannette Pickering Rankin was an American politician and women's rights advocate who became the first woman to hold federal office in the United States. She was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican from Montana in 1916 for one term, then was elected again in 1940. Rankin remains the only woman ever elected to Congress from Montana.


11/06/1879

Roger Bresnahan, American baseball player and manager (died 1944)

Roger Philip Bresnahan, nicknamed "the Duke of Tralee", was an American baseball player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB). As a major-league player, Bresnahan competed for the Washington Senators (1897), Chicago Orphans (1900), Baltimore Orioles (1901–02), New York Giants (1902–1908), St. Louis Cardinals (1909–1912) and Chicago Cubs (1913–1915). Bresnahan also managed the Cardinals (1909–1912) and Cubs (1915). He was a member of the 1905 World Series champions.


11/06/1877

Renée Vivien, English-French poet and author (died 1909)

Renée Vivien was a British poet who wrote in the French language. A high-profile lesbian writer in Paris during the Belle Époque era, she is widely considered to be one of the first noteworthy lesbian poets of the twentieth century. Her work has recently received more attention due to a revival of interest in Sapphic verse. Many of her poems are autobiographical, pertaining mostly to Baudelarian themes of extreme romanticism and frequent despair. Apart from poetry, she wrote several works of prose, including L'Etre Double, and an unfinished biography of Anne Boleyn, which was published posthumously. She has also been the subject of multiple biographies, most notably those by Jean-Paul Goujon, André Germain, and Yves-Gerard Le Dantec. A novel based on her life was written by the Catalan poet Maria Mercè Marçal in 1994, and translated into English in 2020 as The Passion according to Renée Vivien.


11/06/1876

Alfred L. Kroeber, American-French anthropologist and ethnologist (died 1960)

Alfred Louis Kroeber was an American cultural anthropologist. He received his PhD under Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1901, the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by Columbia. He was also the first professor appointed to the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. He played an integral role in the early days of its Museum of Anthropology, where he served as director from 1909 through 1947. Kroeber provided detailed information about Ishi, the last surviving member of the Yahi people, whom he studied over a period of years. He was the father of the author Ursula K. Le Guin.


11/06/1871

Stjepan Radić, Croatian lawyer and politician (died 1928)

Stjepan Radić was a Croat politician and the co-founder of the Croatian People's Peasant Party (HPSS), active in Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.


11/06/1867

Charles Fabry, French physicist and academic (died 1945)

Marie Paul Auguste Charles Fabry was a French physicist working on optics. Together with Alfred Pérot he invented the Fabry–Pérot interferometer. He is also one of the co-discoverers of the ozone layer.


11/06/1864

Richard Strauss, German composer and conductor (died 1949)

Richard Georg Strauss was a German composer and conductor known for his tone poems and operas. A leading figure of the late Romantic and early Modern era, and a successor to Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt, he combined, along with his friend Gustav Mahler, subtleties of orchestration with an advanced harmonic style.


11/06/1861

Alexander Peacock, Australian politician, 20th Premier of Victoria (died 1933)

Sir Alexander James Peacock was an Australian politician who served as the 20th Premier of Victoria.


11/06/1847

Millicent Fawcett, English academic and activist (died 1929)

Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett was an English political activist and writer. She campaigned for women's suffrage by legal change and in 1897–1919 led Britain's largest women's rights association, the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), explaining, "I cannot say I became a suffragist. I always was one, from the time I was old enough to think at all about the principles of Representative Government." She tried to broaden women's chances of higher education, as a governor of Bedford College, London and co-founding Newnham College, Cambridge in 1871. In 2018, a century after the Representation of the People Act, she was the first woman honoured by a statue in Parliament Square.


11/06/1846

William Louis Marshall, American general and engineer (died 1920)

William Louis Marshall was an influential figure in the US Corps of Engineers.


11/06/1842

Carl von Linde, German engineer and academic (died 1934)

Carl Paul Gottfried von Linde was a German scientist, engineer, and businessman. He discovered the refrigeration cycle and invented the first industrial-scale air separation and gas liquefaction processes, which led to the first reliable and efficient compressed-ammonia refrigerator in 1876.


11/06/1834

Johann Bauschinger, German mechanical engineer and physicist (died 1893)

Johann Bauschinger was a mathematician, builder, and professor of Engineering Mechanics at Munich Polytechnic, from 1868 until his death. The Bauschinger effect in materials science is named after him. He was also the father of astronomer Julius Bauschinger (1860–1934).


11/06/1832

Lucy Pickens, American wife of Francis Wilkinson Pickens (died 1899)

Lucy Petway Holcombe Pickens was a 19th-century American socialite of Tennessee and Texas, known during and after her lifetime as the "Queen of the Confederacy". She was also a First Lady of South Carolina. Described as "beautiful, brilliant, and captivating" by her male contemporaries, she helped shape the stereotype of the "Southern belle." Born into a planter's family, she moved with them to Marshall, Texas, the seat of Harrison County, at age 16.


11/06/1829

Edward Braddon, English-Australian politician, 18th Premier of Tasmania (died 1904)

Sir Edward Nicholas Coventry Braddon was a British Indian civil servant and Australian politician who served as Premier of Tasmania from 1894 to 1899, and was a Member of the First Australian Parliament in the House of Representatives. Braddon was a Tasmanian delegate to the Constitutional Conventions.


11/06/1818

Alexander Bain, Scottish philosopher and academic (died 1903)

Alexander Bain was a Scottish philosopher and educationalist in the British school of empiricism and a prominent and innovative figure in the fields of psychology, linguistics, logic, moral philosophy and education reform. He founded Mind, the first ever journal of psychology and analytical philosophy, and was the leading figure in establishing and applying the scientific method to psychology. Bain was the inaugural Regius Chair in Logic and Professor of Logic at the University of Aberdeen, where he also held Professorships in Moral Philosophy and English Literature and was twice elected Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen.


11/06/1815

Julia Margaret Cameron, Indian-Sri Lankan photographer (died 1879)

Julia Margaret Cameron was an English photographer who is considered one of the most important portraitists of the 19th century. She is known for her soft-focus close-ups of famous Victorians and for illustrative images depicting characters from mythology, Christianity, and literature.


11/06/1807

James F. Schenck, American admiral (died 1882)

James Findlay Schenck was a rear admiral in the United States Navy who served in the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. His younger brother, Robert C. Schenck, was a Union Army general and a United States Ambassador to Brazil.


11/06/1797

José Trinidad Reyes, Honduran philosopher and theorist (died 1855)

Father José Trinidad Reyes y Sevilla was a Honduran priest who founded the National Autonomous University of Honduras, formerly called "La Sociedad del Genio emprendedor y del buen gusto". He advocated against poverty by assisting the poor and supporting their right to education on matters of faith, culture, and science.


11/06/1796

François-Louis Cailler, Swiss chocolatier (died 1852)

François-Louis Cailler was a Swiss entrepreneur and early chocolatier who founded Cailler, the first modern brand of Swiss chocolate and the oldest still in existence, in 1819.


11/06/1776

John Constable, English painter and academic (died 1837)

John Constable was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedham Vale, the area on the borderland of Suffolk and north Essex surrounding his home – now known as "Constable Country" – which he invested with an intensity of affection. "I should paint my own places best", he wrote to his friend John Fisher in 1821, "painting is but another word for feeling".


11/06/1741

Joseph Warren, American physician and general (died 1775)

Joseph Warren, was an American physician who was one of the most important figures in the Patriot movement in Boston during the early days of the American Revolution, eventually serving as President of the revolutionary Massachusetts Provincial Congress. Warren drafted the 1774 Suffolk Resolves, was active in the Sons of Liberty, and enlisted Paul Revere and William Dawes on April 18, 1775, to leave Boston and spread the alarm that the British garrison in Boston was setting out to raid the town of Concord and arrest rebel leaders John Hancock and Samuel Adams.


11/06/1726

Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain (died 1746)

Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain, Dauphine of France, was the daughter of King Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese and the wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, son of King Louis XV and Queen Marie Leczinska. The Dauphine died aged 20, three days after giving birth to a daughter who died in 1748.


11/06/1723

Johann Georg Palitzsch, German astronomer (died 1788)

Johann Georg Palitzsch – 21 February 1788 in Prohlis) was a German astronomer who became famous for recovering Comet 1P/Halley on Christmas Day, 1758. The periodic nature of this comet had been deduced by its namesake Edmond Halley in 1705, but Halley had died before seeing if his prediction would come true.


11/06/1712

Benjamin Ingham, American missionary (died 1772)

Benjamin Ingham was an English cleric who was the founder of the Moravian Church in England as well as his own Inghamite societies.


11/06/1709

Joachim Martin Falbe, German painter (died 1782)

Joachim Martin Falbe was a German portrait painter.


11/06/1704

Carlos Seixas, Portuguese harpsichord player and composer (died 1742)

José António Carlos de Seixas was a pre-eminent Portuguese composer of the 18th century. An accomplished virtuoso of both the organ and the harpsichord, Seixas succeeded his father as the organist for Coimbra Cathedral at the age of fourteen. In 1720, he departed for the capital, Lisbon, where he was to serve as the organist for the royal chapel, one of the highest offices for a musician in Portugal, a position which earned him a knighthood. Much of Seixas' music rests in an ambiguous transitional period from the learned style of the 17th century to the galant style of the 18th century.


11/06/1697

Francesco Antonio Vallotti, Italian organist and composer (died 1780)

Francesco Antonio Vallotti was an Italian composer, music theorist, and organist.


11/06/1696

James Francis Edward Keith, Scottish-Prussian field marshal (died 1758)

James Francis Edward Keith was a Scottish-born army officer and Generalfeldmarschall of the Prussian Army. As a Jacobite he took part in a failed attempt to restore the Stuart Monarchy to Britain. When this failed, he fled to Europe, living in France, and then Spain. He joined the Spanish and eventually the Russian armies and fought in the Anglo-Spanish War and the Russo-Swedish War. In the latter he participated in the conquest of Finland and became its viceroy. Subsequently, he participated in the coup d'état that put Elizabeth of Russia on the throne.


11/06/1690

Giovanni Antonio Giay, Italian composer (died 1764)

Giovanni Antonio Giay was an Italian composer. His compositional output includes 15 operas, 5 symphonies, and a significant amount of sacred music.


11/06/1672

Francesco Antonio Bonporti, Italian priest and composer (died 1749)

Francesco Antonio Bonporti was an Italian priest and amateur composer.


11/06/1662

Tokugawa Ienobu, Japanese shōgun (died 1712)

Tokugawa Ienobu was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the sixth shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Tsunashige, thus making him the nephew of Tokugawa Ietsuna and Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the grandson of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the great-grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. All of Ienobu's children died young.


11/06/1655

Antonio Cifrondi, Italian painter (died 1730)

Antonio Cifrondi was an Italian painter of the late Baroque, mainly of genre themes. He was active in Brescia and near Bergamo.


11/06/1620

John Moore, English businessman and politician, Lord Mayor of London (died 1702)

Sir John Moore was an English politician. He was the Member of Parliament for the City of London from 15 May 1685 to 9 January 1687, and Lord Mayor of London from 1681–82. He also invested in the slave trade.


11/06/1588

George Wither, English poet (died 1667)

George Wither was a prolific English poet, pamphleteer, satirist, and writer of hymns. Wither's life spanned one of the most tumultuous periods in the history of England, during the reigns of Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I, the Civil War, the Parliamentary period, and the Restoration period.


11/06/1585

Evert Horn, Swedish soldier (died 1615)

Evert Karlsson Horn af Kanckas was a Swedish field marshal and governor of Narva.


11/06/1572

Ben Jonson, English poet, playwright, and critic (died 1637)

Ben Jonson was an English actor, poet and playwright. Jonson's artistry exerted a lasting influence on English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours; he is best known for the satirical plays Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone, or The Fox, The Alchemist (1610), and Bartholomew Fair (1614), and for his lyric and epigrammatic poetry. He is regarded as "the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James I."


11/06/1555

Lodovico Zacconi, Italian composer and theorist (died 1627)

Lodovico Zacconi was an Italian composer and musical theorist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras. He worked as a singer, theologian, and writer on music in northern Italy and Austria; for a time he was in the employ of Archduke Karl of Graz, and worked in Graz and Vienna.


11/06/1540

Barnabe Googe, English poet and translator (died 1594)

Barnabe Googe, also spelt Barnabe Goche and Barnaby Goodge, was a poet and translator, one of the earliest English pastoral poets.


11/06/1456

Anne Neville, Princess of Wales and Queen of England (died 1485)

Anne Neville was Queen of England from 26 June 1483 until her death in 1485 as the wife of King Richard III. She was the younger of the two daughters and co-heiresses of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and Anne de Beauchamp. Before her marriage to Richard, she had been Princess of Wales as the wife of Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, the only son and heir apparent of King Henry VI.


11/06/1403

John IV, Duke of Brabant (died 1427)

John IV, Duke of Brabant was the son of Antoine of Burgundy, Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg and his first wife Jeanne of Saint-Pol. He was the second Brabantian ruler from the House of Valois. He is best known for founding the University of Louvain (Leuven) in 1425.


Lives Remembered on 11th June

On 11th June, 101 remarkable people passed away — from 573 to 2025. Remember the lives and legacies of those we lost on this day.

11/06/2025

Brian Wilson, American singer and songwriter, co-founder of the Beach Boys (born 1942)

Brian Douglas Wilson was an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer who co-founded the Beach Boys. Widely regarded as one of the most innovative and significant musical figures of his era, he was distinguished for his high production values and complex harmonies, orchestrations, and vocal arrangements. In addition to his typically ingenuous or introspective lyrics, he was known for his versatile head voice and falsetto.


11/06/2024

Tony Lo Bianco, American actor (born 1936)

Anthony LoBianco was an American actor.


Howard Fineman, American journalist (born 1948)

Howard David Fineman was an American journalist and television commentator. In a career that spanned nearly five decades, Fineman covered nine presidential campaigns as a reporter, writer, and analyst. For 30 years, he drove Newsweek magazine's political coverage. At the height of the publication's influence, Fineman was its chief political correspondent, senior editor, and deputy Washington bureau chief. His "Living Politics" column was posted weekly on Newsweek.com. After his tenure at Newsweek, he was named global editorial director of the AOL Huffington Post Media Group.


Françoise Hardy, French singer-songwriter and actress (born 1944)

Françoise Madeleine Hardy was a French singer-songwriter, actress, and author. She was known for singing melancholic, sentimental ballads. Hardy rose to prominence in the early 1960s as a leading figure in French yé-yé music and became a cultural icon in France and internationally. In addition to her native French, she also sang in English, Italian, and German. Her musical career spanned more than 50 years, with over 30 studio albums released. She also represented Monaco at the Eurovision Song Contest 1963.


Majed Abu Maraheel, Palestinian long-distance runner and football player (born 1963)

Majed Abu Maraheel was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. Born into a refugee family in the Nuseirat refugee camp of the Gaza Strip, Abu Maraheel took part in athletics and football as a child. Before his international sporting career, he self-trained as a long-distance runner on Gazan streets and beaches, becoming locally famous after winning a variety of local competitions. After winning an eight-kilometer race in 1995, he was recruited by Palestinian National Authority leader Yasser Arafat into Force 17, his personal security force.


11/06/2022

Hilary Devey, English businesswoman, television presenter (born 1957)

Hilary Lorraine Devey CBE was an English businesswoman and television personality best known for her role on the BBC Two programme Dragons' Den until she left to present the Channel 4 series The Intern.


11/06/2020

Stella Pevsner, children's author (born 1921)

Stella Pevsner was an American author of children's books and works of young adult literature published since the late 1960s.


11/06/2019

Billy McKee, Irish republican and founding member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (born 1921)

Billy McKee was an Irish republican and a founding member and leader of the Provisional Irish Republican Army.


11/06/2016

Rudi Altig, German track and road racing cyclist (born 1937)

Rudi Altig was a German professional track and road racing cyclist who won the 1962 Vuelta a España and the world championship in 1966. After his retirement from sports he worked as a television commentator.


11/06/2015

Ornette Coleman, American saxophonist, violinist, trumpet player, and composer (born 1930)

Randolph Denard Ornette Coleman was an American jazz saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist, and composer. He is best known as a principal founder of the free jazz genre, a term derived from his 1960 album Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation. His pioneering works often abandoned the harmony-based composition, tonality, chord changes, and fixed rhythm found in earlier jazz idioms; instead, Coleman emphasized an experimental approach to improvisation rooted in ensemble playing and blues phrasing. Thom Jurek of AllMusic called him "one of the most beloved and polarizing figures in jazz history", noting that while "now celebrated as a fearless innovator and a genius, he was initially regarded by peers and critics as rebellious, disruptive, and even a fraud."


Ian McKechnie, Scottish footballer and manager (born 1941)

Ian Hector McKechnie was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper.


Ron Moody, English actor and singer (born 1924)

Ron Moody was an English actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Fagin in Lionel Bart's 1960 stage musical Oliver!, originating the role in the initial London production and reprising it in the 1968 film adaptation and in West End and Broadway revivals in the 1980s. Moody earned a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for the film, as well as a Tony Award nomination for the stage production. Other notable projects include The Mouse on the Moon (1963), Mel Brooks's The Twelve Chairs (1970) and Flight of the Doves (1971), in which Moody shared the screen with Oliver! co-star Jack Wild.


Dusty Rhodes, American wrestler (born 1945)

Virgil Riley Runnels Jr., better known as "The American Dream" Dusty Rhodes, was an American professional wrestler, booker, and trainer who worked for the National Wrestling Alliance and the World Wrestling Federation, later known as WWE. Rhodes was considered a star wrestler and presented the persona of an American everyman, the American Dream personified. Rhodes is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time.


11/06/2014

Ruby Dee, American actress (born 1922)

Ruby Dee was an American actress. She was married to Ossie Davis, with whom she frequently performed until his death in 2005. She received numerous accolades, including an Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, an Obie Award, and a Drama Desk Award, as well as a nomination for an Academy Award. She was honored with the National Medal of Arts in 1995, the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 2000, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004.


Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Spanish conductor and composer (born 1933)

Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos was a Spanish conductor and composer. Frühbeck was born in Burgos, Spain to a family of German ancestry. He first took up conducting while on military service in the Spanish Army before graduating from the Hochschule für Musik in Munich. Frühbeck was principal conductor of various orchestras around the world, starting with the Bilbao Symphony Orchestra from 1958 to 1962, then moving on to the Spanish National Orchestra, Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra of Tokyo and many others. Throughout his career Frühbeck de Burgos recorded on a number of labels. He was a member of the Academy of Fine Arts and History Institución Fernán González. His honours include the 2011 Conductor of the Year award from Musical America.


Susan B. Horwitz, American computer scientist, engineer, and academic (born 1955)

Susan Beth Horwitz was an American computer scientist noted for her research on programming languages and software engineering, and in particular on program slicing and dataflow-analysis. She had several best paper and an impact paper award mentioned below under awards.


Mipham Chokyi Lodro, Tibetan lama and educator (born 1952)

Mipham Chokyi Lodro, also known as Kunzig Shamar Rinpoche, was the fourteenth Shamarpa of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Shamarpa is the second-most important teacher of the Karma Kagyu school, after the Karmapa.


Benjamin Mophatlane, South African businessman (born 1973)

Leetile Benjamin Mophatlane was a South African business magnate, and former Chief Executive Officer of Business Connexion Group. He died on 11 June 2014 after suffering cardiac arrest while in a meeting in Rosebank in Johannesburg.


11/06/2013

Miller Barber, American golfer (born 1931)

Miller Westford Barber Jr. was an American professional golfer. He enjoyed significant success on the PGA Tour in the 1960s and 1970s, and a greater degree of success on the Senior PGA Tour in the 1980s.


Robert Fogel, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1926)

Robert William Fogel was an American economic historian and winner of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. As of his death, he was the Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of American Institutions and director of the Center for Population Economics (CPE) at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business. He is best known as an advocate of new economic history (cliometrics) – the use of quantitative methods in history.


Kristiāns Pelšs, Latvian ice hockey player (born 1992)

Kristiāns Pelšs was a Latvian ice hockey player. He was the son of poet and translator Einārs Pelšs. At the time of his death, he played for the Oklahoma City Barons of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect of the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League.


Vidya Charan Shukla, Indian politician, Indian Minister of External Affairs (born 1929)

Vidya Charan Shukla was an Indian politician whose political career spanned six decades. He was predominantly a member of the Indian National Congress, but also had spells in Jan Morcha, Janata Dal, Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya), Nationalist Congress Party and Bharatiya Janata Party. He was known as a close associate of Indira Gandhi.


11/06/2012

Ann Rutherford, Canadian-American actress (born 1917)

Therese Ann Rutherford was a Canadian-born American actress in film, radio, and television. She had a long career starring and co-starring in films, playing Polly Benedict in 12 of the 16 MGM Andy Hardy films between 1937 and 1942, and appearing as one of Scarlett O'Hara's sisters, Carreen O'Hara, in the film Gone with the Wind (1939).


Teófilo Stevenson, Cuban boxer and engineer (born 1952)

Teófilo Stevenson Lawrence was a Cuban amateur boxer who competed from 1966 to 1986.


11/06/2011

Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Israeli physicist and engineer (born 1947)

Eliyahu Moshe Goldratt was an Israeli business management guru. He was the originator of the Optimized Production Technique, the Theory of Constraints (TOC), the Thinking Processes, Drum-Buffer-Rope, Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) and other TOC derived tools.


11/06/2008

Ove Andersson, Swedish race car driver (born 1938)

Ove Andersson, nicknamed Påven, was a Swedish rally driver and the first head of Toyota's F1 programme.


Võ Văn Kiệt, Vietnamese soldier and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Vietnam (born 1922)

Võ Văn Kiệt whose real name is Phan Văn Hòa, and includes aliases Sáu Dân, Chín Dũng, Chín Hòa, Tám Thuận. Was a Vietnamese politician and economic reformer who served as the Prime Minister of Vietnam from 1991 to 1997. A well regarded Vietnamese revolutionary and political leader, Kiệt was a veteran fighter in the long wars against the French colonialists and then the South Vietnamese and American forces during the Vietnam War.


11/06/2007

Mala Powers, American actress (born 1931)

Mary Ellen "Mala" Powers was an American actress.


11/06/2006

Neroli Fairhall, New Zealand archer (born 1944)

Neroli Susan Fairhall was a New Zealand athlete, who was the first paraplegic competitor in the Olympic Games.


11/06/2005

Vasco Gonçalves, Portuguese general and politician, 103rd Prime Minister of Portugal (born 1922)

General Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves GOL OA was a Portuguese army officer in the Engineering Corps who took part in the Carnation Revolution and later served as Prime Minister from 18 July 1974 to 19 September 1975.


Anne-Marie Alonzo, Canadian playwright, poet, novelist, critic and publisher (born 1951)

Anne-Marie Alonzo, was a Canadian playwright, poet, novelist, critic and publisher.


11/06/2004

Egon von Fürstenberg, Swiss fashion designer (born 1946)

Prince Egon von Fürstenberg was a socialite, banker, fashion and interior designer, and a member of the former German princely family of Fürstenberg.


11/06/2003

David Brinkley, American journalist and author (born 1920)

David McClure Brinkley was an American newscaster for NBC and ABC in a career lasting from 1943 to 1997.


11/06/2001

Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist (born 1968)

Timothy James McVeigh was an American domestic terrorist who masterminded and perpetrated the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995. The bombing itself killed 167 or 168 people, injured 684 people, and destroyed one-third of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. A rescue worker was killed after the bombing when debris struck her head, bringing the total to 168–169 killed. It remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.


Amalia Mendoza, Mexican singer and actress (born 1923)

Amalia Mendoza García, nicknamed as La Tariácuri, was a Mexican singer and actress. "Échame a mi la culpa" and "Amarga navidad" were some of her greatest hits. Her best friend since her youth was Martha de Miranda Jiménez, "Martuquia" as she called her, who was her companion for many years when Amalia was on tour.


11/06/1999

DeForest Kelley, American actor and screenwriter (born 1920)

Jackson DeForest Kelley was an American actor, screenwriter, poet, and singer. He was known for his roles in film and television Westerns and achieved international fame as Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy of the USS Enterprise in the television and film series Star Trek (1966–1991).


11/06/1998

Catherine Cookson, English author (born 1906)

Dame Catherine Ann Cookson was a British writer. She is in the top 20 of the most widely read British novelists, with sales topping 100 million, while she retained a relatively low profile in the world of celebrity writers. Her books were inspired by her deprived youth in South Shields, North East England, the setting for her novels. With 104 titles written in her own name or two other pen names, she is one of the most prolific British novelists.


11/06/1996

Brigitte Helm, German-Swiss actress (born 1908)

Brigitte Helm was a German actress, best remembered for her dual role as Maria and her double, the Maschinenmensch, in Fritz Lang's 1927 silent film Metropolis.


11/06/1994

A. Thurairajah, Sri Lankan engineer and academic (born 1934)

Alagiah Thurairajah was a Sri Lankan academic and vice-chancellor of the University of Jaffna.


11/06/1993

Ray Sharkey, American actor (born 1952)

Raymond Sharkey Jr. was an American stage, film and television actor. His most notable film role was Vincent Vacarri in the 1980 film The Idolmaker, for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. He is also known for his role as Sonny Steelgrave in the television series Wiseguy.


11/06/1992

Rafael Orozco Maestre, Colombian singer (born 1954)

Rafael José Orozco Maestre was a Colombian singer of vallenato music. He was one of the major representatives of Colombian popular folk music and was lead singer and co-founder, alongside fellow accordionist Israel Romero, of the vallenato group Binomio de Oro de América, which was very popular in Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela.


11/06/1991

Cromwell Everson, South African composer (born 1925)

Cromwell Everson was primarily known as a composer during his lifetime. He was brought up as an Afrikaner by his mother, Maria De Wit and father, Robert Everson. He continued this tradition and all his children were brought up as Afrikaners.


11/06/1986

Chesley Bonestell, American painter and illustrator (born 1888)

Chesley Knight Bonestell Jr. was an American painter, designer, and illustrator, best known for his realistic-looking paintings of space exploration, including future spacecraft and scenes set on moons and planets in the Solar System. His work helped inspire the American space program and appeared in popular magazines and books from the 1940s into the 1970s. He is considered one of the founders of "space art" for scientific illustration and his style has been influential in science fiction art, illustration, and cinema.


11/06/1984

Enrico Berlinguer, Italian politician (born 1922)

Enrico Berlinguer was an Italian politician and statesman who was the most popular leader of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). He led the PCI as the national secretary from 1972 until his death during a tense period of Italian history, which was marked by the Years of Lead and social conflicts, such as the Hot Autumn of 1969–1970. Berlinguer was born into an upper-class family; his father was a socialist who became a deputy and later senator. After leading the PCI's youth wing in his hometown, he led the Italian Communist Youth Federation (FGCI) at the national level from 1949 to 1956. In 1968, he was elected to Italy's Chamber of Deputies, and he became the leader of the PCI in 1972; he remained a deputy until his death in 1984. Under his leadership, the number of votes for the PCI peaked. The PCI's results in 1976 remain the highest for any Italian left-wing or centre-left party both in terms of votes and vote share, and the party's results in 1984, just after his death, remain the best result for an Italian left-wing party in European elections, and were toppled, in terms of vote share in a lower-turnout election, in the 2014 European Parliament election in Italy.


11/06/1983

Ghanshyam Das Birla, Indian businessman and politician (born 1894)

Ghanshyam Das Birla was an Indian businessman and member of the Birla Family.


11/06/1982

H. Radclyffe Roberts, American entomologist (born 1906)

Howard Radclyffe Roberts Jr. was an American entomologist known for his work on grasshoppers. His 1941 University of Pennsylvania Ph.D. dissertation was an early work highlighting the role phallic structures could play in grasshopper taxonomy. While serving in World War II, he and Edward Shearman Ross cowrote The Mosquito Atlas, used by the armed forces to identify malaria-transmitting mosquitos. Roberts worked for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), serving as its managing director from 1947 to 1972. He described dozens of grasshopper species from North and South America, and also is the eponym of several taxa named in his honor.


11/06/1979

Alice Dalgliesh, Trinidadian-American author and publisher (born 1893)

Alice Dalgliesh was a naturalized American writer and publisher who wrote more than 40 fiction and non-fiction books, mainly for children. She has been called "a pioneer in the field of children's historical fiction". Three of her books were runners-up for the annual Newbery Medal, the partly autobiographical The Silver Pencil, The Bears on Hemlock Mountain, and The Courage of Sarah Noble, which was also named to the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award list.


John Wayne, American actor, director, and producer (born 1907)

Marion Robert Morrison, known professionally as John Wayne, was an American actor. Nicknamed "Duke", he became a popular icon through his starring roles in films which were produced during Hollywood's Golden Age, especially in Western and war movies. His career flourished from the silent film era of the 1920s through the American New Wave, as he appeared in a total of 179 film and television productions. He was among the top box-office draws for three decades and appeared with many other important Hollywood stars of his era. In 1999, the American Film Institute selected Wayne as one of the greatest male stars of classic American cinema.


11/06/1976

Jim Konstanty, American baseball player (born 1917)

Casimir James Konstanty was an American professional baseball relief pitcher in Major League Baseball and National League Most Valuable Player of 1950. He played for the Cincinnati Reds (1944), Boston Braves (1946), Philadelphia Phillies (1948–1954), New York Yankees (1954–1956) and St. Louis Cardinals (1956). Konstanty batted and threw right-handed, stood 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) tall and weighed 202 pounds (92 kg).


11/06/1974

Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Brazilian general and politician, 16th President of Brazil (born 1883)

Eurico Gaspar Dutra was a Brazilian military leader and politician who served as the president of Brazil from 1946 to 1951. He was the first president of the Fourth Brazilian Republic, which followed the Vargas Regime.


Julius Evola, Italian philosopher and author (born 1898)

Giulio Cesare Andrea "Julius" Evola was an Italian far-right philosopher and writer. Evola regarded his values as traditionalist, aristocratic, martial and imperialist. An esoteric thinker in Fascist Italy, he also had ties to Nazi Germany. In the post-war era, he was an ideological mentor of the Italian neo-fascist and militant right.


11/06/1970

Frank Laubach, American missionary and mystic (born 1884)

Frank Charles Laubach, from Benton, Pennsylvania was a Congregational Christian missionary educated at Union Theological Seminary and Columbia University, and a mystic known as "The Apostle to the Illiterates." In 1915, while working among Muslims at a remote location in the Philippines, he developed the "Each One Teach One" literacy program. It has been used to teach about 60 million people to read in their own language. He was deeply concerned about poverty, injustice and illiteracy, and considered them barriers to peace in the world.


11/06/1965

Paul B. Coremans, Belgian chemist and academic (born 1908)

Paul Bernard Joseph Marie Coremans was a Belgian scientist who advanced the fields of cultural heritage management and cultural heritage curation. He was the founder and first director of the Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage.


José Mendes Cabeçadas, Portuguese admiral and politician, 9th President of Portugal (born 1883)

José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior, OTE, ComA, MPCE, commonly known as Mendes Cabeçadas, was a Portuguese Navy officer, Freemason and republican, having a major role in the preparation of the revolutionary movements that created and ended the Portuguese First Republic: the 5 October revolution in 1910 and the 28 May coup d'état of 1926. In the outcome he became the minister of finance for one day only on 30 May 1926, then becoming interim minister for foreign affairs for two days between 30 May and 1 June, after which he again became the minister for finance on the same day. He served as the president of Portugal and prime minister for a brief period of time.


11/06/1963

Thích Quảng Đức, Vietnamese monk and martyr (born 1897)

Thích Quảng Đức was a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who died by self-immolation at a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June 1963. Quảng Đức was protesting the persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government of Ngô Đình Diệm, a staunch Roman Catholic. Photographs of his self-immolation circulated around the world, drawing attention to the policies of the Diệm government. John F. Kennedy said of one photograph, "No news picture in history has generated so much emotion around the world as that one". Malcolm Browne won the World Press Photo of the Year for his photograph of the monk's death.


11/06/1962

Chhabi Biswas, Indian actor and director (born 1900)

Chhabi Biswas was an Indian actor, primarily known for his performances in Tapan Sinha's Kabuliwala and Satyajit Ray's films Jalsaghar, Devi and Kanchenjungha (1962).


11/06/1955

Pierre Levegh, French race car driver (born 1905)

Pierre Eugène Alfred Bouillin was a French sportsman and racing driver. He took the racing name Pierre Levegh in memory of his uncle Alfred Velghe, a pioneering driver who died in 1904. Levegh died in the 1955 Le Mans disaster which also killed about 81 spectators during the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans automobile race.


11/06/1941

Daniel Carter Beard, American author and illustrator, founded the Boy Scouts of America (born 1850)

Daniel Carter "Uncle Dan" Beard was an American illustrator, author, youth leader, Georgist and social reformer who founded the Sons of Daniel Boone in 1905, which Beard later merged with the Boy Scouts of America (BSA).


11/06/1937

R. J. Mitchell, English engineer, designed the Supermarine Spitfire (born 1895)

Reginald Joseph Mitchell was a British aircraft designer who worked for the Southampton aviation company Supermarine from 1916 until 1936. He is best known for designing racing seaplanes, such as the Supermarine S.6B, and for leading the team that designed the Supermarine Spitfire.


11/06/1936

Robert E. Howard, American author and poet (born 1906)

Robert Ervin Howard was an American writer who wrote pulp fiction in a diverse range of genres. He created the character Conan the Barbarian and is regarded as the father of the sword and sorcery subgenre.


11/06/1934

Lev Vygotsky, Belarusian-Russian psychologist and theorist (born 1896)

Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky was a Russian and Soviet psychologist, best known for his work on psychological development in children and creating the framework known as cultural-historical activity theory. After his early death, his books and research were banned in the Soviet Union until Joseph Stalin's death in 1953, with a first collection of major texts published in 1956. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Vygotsky as the 83rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century.


11/06/1927

William Attewell, English cricketer (born 1861)

William Attewell was a cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club and England. Attewell was a medium pace bowler who was renowned for his extraordinary accuracy and economy. On the many sticky or crumbling pitches encountered in his prime Attewell could get on a great deal of spin so as to always beat the bat, whilst his accuracy would make slogging – the only way to make runs under such conditions – very difficult. He was responsible for the development of "off theory" – bowling wide of the off stump to a packed off-side field to frustrate batsmen on the rapidly improving pitches of the 1890s. At times Attewell was a useful batsman for his county, and he scored 102 against Kent in 1897.


11/06/1924

Théodore Dubois, French organist, composer, and educator (born 1837)

Clément François Théodore Dubois was a French Romantic composer, organist and pedagogue.


11/06/1920

William F. Halsey, Sr., American captain (born 1853)

William Frederick Halsey was a United States naval officer. He is the father of William Halsey Jr., one of only four American naval officers to obtain the five-star rank of Fleet Admiral.


11/06/1914

Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (born 1848)

Adolphus Frederick V was reigning grand duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1904 to 1914.


11/06/1913

Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 279th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (born 1856)

Mahmud Shevket Pasha was an Ottoman military commander and statesman.


11/06/1911

James Curtis Hepburn, American physician and missionary (born 1815)

James Curtis Hepburn was an American physician, educator, translator and lay Christian missionary. He is known for the Hepburn romanization system for transliteration of the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet, which he popularized in his Japanese–English dictionary.


11/06/1903

Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician and philosopher (born 1837)

Nikolai Vasilievich Bugaev was a Russian mathematician, the father of Andrei Bely.


Alexander I of Serbia (born 1876)

Alexander I reigned as the king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Draga Mašin, were assassinated by a group of Royal Serbian Army officers, led by Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević.


Draga Mašin, Serbian wife of Alexander I of Serbia (born 1864)

Draginja "Draga" Obrenović, née Lunjevica (Луњевица) and formerly Mašin (Машин), was Queen of Serbia as the wife of King Aleksandar Obrenović. She was formerly a lady-in-waiting to Aleksandar's mother, Queen Natalija.


11/06/1897

Henry Ayers, English-Australian politician, 8th Premier of South Australia (born 1821)

Sir Henry Ayers was the eighth Premier of South Australia, serving a record five times between 1863 and 1873.


11/06/1885

Matías Ramos Mejía, Argentinian colonel (born 1810)

Matías Ramos Mejía was an Argentine colonel. He joined the 1828 coup of Juan Lavalle against Manuel Dorrego, and the 1839 rebellion of the Freemen of the South. He took part in the move of Lavalle's corpse to Potosí. He also fought in the Paraguayan War. He is the father of historian José María Ramos Mejía.


11/06/1882

Louis Désiré Maigret, French bishop (born 1804)

Louis-Désiré Maigret, SS.CC., served as the first vicar apostolic of the Vicariate Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands, now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu. Born in Saint-Pierre-de-Maillé, France, Maigret was ordained to the priesthood as a member of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary on September 23, 1828, at the age of 24. As part of his missionary work, Father Maigret sailed to the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi to help build its Catholic community of native Hawaiians.


11/06/1879

William, Prince of Orange (born 1840)

William, Prince of Orange, was heir apparent to the Dutch throne as the eldest son of King William III from 17 March 1849 until his death.


11/06/1859

Klemens von Metternich, German-Austrian politician, 1st State Chancellor of the Austrian Empire (born 1773)

Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince of Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein, known as Klemens von Metternich or Prince Metternich, was a German statesman and diplomat in the service of the Austrian Empire. A conservative, Metternich was at the center of the European balance of power known as the Concert of Europe for three decades as Austrian foreign minister from 1809 and chancellor from 1821 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation.


11/06/1852

Karl Bryullov, Russian painter (born 1799)

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov was a Russian painter and draughtsman during the Romantic period, remembered among the greatest visual artists in the history of Russian art.


11/06/1847

John Franklin, English admiral and politician (born 1786)

Rear-Admiral Sir John Franklin was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer and colonial administrator. After serving in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812, he led two expeditions into the Canadian Arctic and through the islands of the Arctic Archipelago, during the Coppermine expedition of 1819 and the Mackenzie River expedition of 1825, and served as Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land from 1837 to 1843. During his third and final expedition, an attempt to traverse the Northwest Passage in 1845, Franklin's ships became icebound off King William Island in what is now Nunavut, where he died in June 1847. The icebound ships were abandoned ten months later, and the entire crew died from causes such as starvation, hypothermia, and scurvy.


11/06/1796

Samuel Whitbread, English brewer and politician, founded the Whitbread Company (born 1720)

Samuel Whitbread was a British brewer and politician. In 1742, he established a brewery that in 1799 became Whitbread & Co Ltd.


11/06/1748

Felice Torelli, Italian painter (born 1667)

Felice Torelli was an Italian Baroque painter active mainly in Bologna, Papal States.


11/06/1727

George I of Great Britain (born 1660)

George I was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Electorate of Hanover within the Holy Roman Empire from 23 January 1698 until his death in 1727. He was the first British monarch of the House of Hanover.


11/06/1712

Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme (born 1654)

Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, often simply called Vendôme was a French general and Marshal of France. He was one of Louis XIV's most successful commanders in the War of the Grand Alliance and War of the Spanish Succession.


11/06/1695

André Félibien, French historian and author (born 1619)

André Félibien, sieur des Avaux et de Javercy, was a French chronicler of the arts and official court historian to King Louis XIV.


11/06/1683

Nikita Pustosvyat, a leader of the Russian Old Believers, beheaded (born unknown)

Nikita Pustosvyat was one of the leaders of the Russian Old Believers during Raskol.


11/06/1560

Mary of Guise, queen of James V of Scotland (born 1515)

Mary of Guise, also called Mary of Lorraine, was Queen of Scotland from 1538 until 1542, as the second wife of King James V. She was a French noblewoman of the House of Guise, a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine and one of the most powerful families in France. As the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots, she was a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that marked mid-16th-century Scotland, ruling the kingdom as queen regent on behalf of her daughter from 1554 until her death in 1560.


11/06/1557

John III of Portugal (born 1502)

John III, nicknamed The Pious, was the King of Portugal and the Algarve from 1521 until he died in 1557. He was the son of King Manuel I and Maria of Aragon, the third daughter of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. John succeeded his father in 1521 at the age of nineteen.


11/06/1488

James III of Scotland (born 1451)

James III was King of Scots from 1460 until his death at the Battle of Sauchieburn in 1488. He inherited the throne as a child following the death of his father, King James II, at the siege of Roxburgh Castle. James III's reign began with a minority that lasted almost a decade, during which Scotland was governed by a series of regents and factions who struggled for possession of the young king before his personal rule began in 1469.


11/06/1479

John of Sahagun, hermit and saint (born 1419)

John of Sahagún, OESA, was a Spanish Augustinian friar and priest. He was a leading preacher of his day, and was known as a peacemaker and reconciler of enemies among the nobles and factions of Salamanca. He was declared a saint by the Catholic Church in 1690 by Pope Alexander VIII.


11/06/1446

Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick (born 1425)

Henry Beauchamp, 14th Earl and 1st Duke of Warwick, was an English nobleman.


11/06/1347

Bartholomew of San Concordio, Italian Dominican canonist and man of letters (born 1260)

Bartholomew of San Concordio was an Italian Dominican canonist and man of letters. He was the author of the Summa de casibus conscientiae (1338) and of the Ammaestramenti degli antichi.


11/06/1345

Alexios Apokaukos, chief minister of the Byzantine Empire

Alexios Apokaukos, also Latinized as Alexius Apocaucus, was a chief minister and head of the navy in the Byzantine Empire, during the reigns of emperors Andronikos III Palaiologos and John V Palaiologos. Although he owed his rise to high state offices to the patronage of John VI Kantakouzenos, he became, together with Patriarch John XIV Kalekas, one of the leaders of the faction supporting Emperor John V in the civil war of 1341–1347 against his one-time benefactor. Apokaukos died when he was lynched by political prisoners during an inspection of a new prison.


11/06/1323

Berengar Fredol the Elder, French lawyer and bishop (born 1250)

Berengar Fredol or Bérenger Frédol was a French canon lawyer and Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati.


11/06/1298

Yolanda of Poland (born 1235)

Yolanda of Poland or Yolanda of Hungary, also Blessed Yolanda was the daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. She was the sister of Margaret of Hungary and Kinga of Poland (Cunegunda). One of her paternal aunts was the Franciscan Elizabeth of Hungary.


11/06/1253

Amadeus IV, count of Savoy (born 1197)

Amadeus IV was Count of Savoy from 1233 to 1253.


11/06/1248

Adachi Kagemori, Japanese samurai

Adachi Kagemori was a Japanese warrior. He was part of the Adachi clan, and then he joined the Hojo clan. He was the son of Adachi Morinaga, who was a close advisor to Minamoto no Yoritomo. Kagemori played a significant role as a gokenin and was a trusted advisor to Minamoto no Sanetomo


11/06/1216

Henry of Flanders, emperor of the Latin Empire (born c. 1174)

Henry of Flanders was Latin emperor of Constantinople from 1206 until his death in 1216. He was one of the leaders of the Fourth Crusade in which the Byzantine Empire was conquered and Latin Empire formed.


11/06/1183

Henry the Young King of England (born 1155)

Henry the Young King was the eldest son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine to survive childhood. In 1170, he became titular King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and of Maine. Henry the Young King was the only English king since the Norman Conquest to be crowned during his father's reign, but he was frustrated by his father's refusal to grant him meaningful autonomous power. He died aged 28, six years before his father, during the course of a campaign in Limousin against his father and his brother Richard.


11/06/0888

Rimbert, archbishop of Bremen (born 830)

Year 888 (DCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.


11/06/0884

Shi Jingsi, general of the Tang Dynasty

Shi Jingcun (史敬存), known as Shi Jingsi (史敬思) in Chinese historiography likely for naming taboo reasons, was a minor general in imperial China under the Shatuo military leader Li Keyong near the end of the Tang dynasty. He sacrificed his life to help his inebriated lord escape an assassination attempt by Zhu Wen in Zhu's territory.


11/06/0840

Junna, emperor of Japan (born 785)

Emperor Junna was the 53rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Junna reigned from 823 to 833. He is also known as Emperor Saiin.


11/06/0786

Al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Abid, anti-Abbasid rebel leader

Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-ʿĀbid ibn Hasan al-Mu'thallath ibn Hasan al-Mu'thannā ibn Hasan ibn Ali was an Alid who rebelled at Medina against the Abbasid caliph al-Hadi. His grandfather Hasan al-Mu'thallath is the grandson of Hasan ibn Ali. He was killed with many of his followers at the Battle of Fakhkh outside Mecca on 11 June 786, whence he is known to history as the Man of Fakhkh.


11/06/0573

Emilian of Cogolla, Iberic saint (born 472)

Saint Aemilian (; is an Iberic saint, widely revered throughout Spain, who lived during the age of Visigothic rule.


Celebrations & Special Days Worldwide on 11th June

Brazilian Navy Day (Brazil)

An Armed Forces Day, alongside its branch-specific variants often referred to as Army or Soldier's Day, Navy or Sailor's Day, and Air Force or Aviator's Day, is a holiday dedicated to honoring the armed forces, or one of their branches, of a sovereign state, including their personnel, history, achievements, and sacrifices. It's often patriotic or nationalistic in nature, carrying information value outside of the conventional boundaries of a military's subculture and into the wider civilian society. Many nations around the world observe this day. It is usually distinct from a Veterans or Memorial Day, as the former is dedicated to those who previously served and the latter is dedicated to those who perished in the fulfillment of their duties.


Christian feast day: Alice of Schaerbeek

Alice of Schaerbeek, was a Cistercian lay sister who is venerated as the patron saint of the blind and paralyzed. Her feast day is 15 June.


Christian feast day: Barnabas the Apostle

Barnabas, born Joseph (Ἰωσήφ) or Joses (Ἰωσής), was a prominent Christian disciple, identified as an apostle in Acts 14:14. According to Acts 4:36, he was a Cypriot Levite. He undertook missionary journeys as a companion of Paul the Apostle, evangelizing among the "God-fearing" Gentiles who attended synagogues in some of the Hellenized cities of Anatolia. He participated in the Council of Jerusalem.


Christian feast day: Bartholomew the Apostle (Eastern Christianity)

Bartholomew was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Most scholars today identify Bartholomew as Nathanael, who appears in the Gospel of John.


Christian feast day: Blessed Ignatius Maloyan (Armenian Catholic Church)

Ignatius Maloyan, ICPB, born as Shukrallah Maloyan, was an Armenian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Mardin from 1911 to 1915. After repeatedly refusing conversion to Islam, he was tortured and murdered by the Ottoman Gendarmerie during the Armenian genocide, specifically in Diyarbekir Vilayet under Mehmed Reshid. Maloyan was beatified by Pope John Paul II as a martyr in 2001. In 2025, Pope Francis approved a plan for his canonization. He was canonized on October 19, 2025.


Christian feast day: Blessed Maria Schininà

Maria Schininà, also known by her religious name Maria of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, was an Italian Roman Catholic nun and the founder of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (1889). Her adolescence demonstrated no particular spiritual emphasis though the death of her father and the marriage of her brother prompted a sudden inner conversion that saw her reach out and collaborate with the ill and the poor; she began in 1885 the foundations for what would become the religious congregation that she set up in 1889.


Christian feast day: Paula Frassinetti

Paula Frassinetti is an Italian saint in the Roman Catholic Church and foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Dorothy. Her feast day is June 11.


Christian feast day: Riagail of Bangor

Riagail of Bangor, aka Reghuil, Abbot of Bangor, died 881.


Christian feast day: Rosa Francisca Dolors Molas Vallvé

Rosa Francisca Dolors Molas Vallvé was a Spanish Roman Catholic religious sister. Following her solemn religious profession she assumed the name of "Maria Rosa" and also established the religious congregation known as the Sisters of Our Lady of Consolation.


Christian feast day: Blessed Yolanda of Poland

Yolanda of Poland or Yolanda of Hungary, also Blessed Yolanda was the daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. She was the sister of Margaret of Hungary and Kinga of Poland (Cunegunda). One of her paternal aunts was the Franciscan Elizabeth of Hungary.


Christian feast day: June 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

June 10 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - June 12


Davis Day (Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada)

Davis Day, also known as Miners' Memorial Day is an annual day of remembrance observed on June 11 in coal mining communities in Nova Scotia, Canada to recognize all miners killed in the province's coal mines.


King Kamehameha I Day (Hawaii, United States)

King Kamehameha Day on June 11 is a public holiday in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It honors Kamehameha the Great, the monarch who first established the unified Kingdom of Hawaiʻi—comprising the Hawaiian Islands of Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. In 1883 a statue of King Kamehameha was dedicated in Honolulu by King David Kalākaua. There are duplicates of this statue in Emancipation Hall at the Capitol Visitor Center in Washington, D.C., and in Hilo, island of Hawaiʻi.


Student Day (Honduras)

Public holidays in Honduras are primarily centered on Christianity and the commemoration of significant events in Honduran history. Each celebration is very important to many families across this country. They are often celebrated with extended family members and friends. On a few of the most important holidays, such as Independence Day and holy week, parades and processions are held from early morning to late in the afternoon or evening.


What Happened on 11th June?

68 significant events took place on Sunday, 11th June — stretching from 173 to 2013. Explore the moments that shaped history on this day.

11/06/2013

Greece's public broadcaster ERT is shut down by then-prime minister Antonis Samaras. It would be opened exactly two years later by then-prime minister Alexis Tsipras.

The Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation, commonly shortened to ERT, is the state-owned public radio and television broadcaster of Greece.


11/06/2012

75 people die in a landslide triggered by two earthquakes in Afghanistan; an entire village is buried.

On 11 June 2012, two moderate earthquakes struck northern Afghanistan, causing a large landslide. The landslide buried the town of Sayi Hazara, trapping 71 people. After four days of digging, only five bodies were recovered and the search was called off. Overall, 75 people were killed and 13 others were injured.


11/06/2010

The first African FIFA World Cup kicks off in South Africa.

The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition among the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has been held every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, with the exception of 1942 and 1946 due to World War II. The reigning champions are Argentina, who won their third title at the 2022 World Cup by defeating France.


11/06/2008

Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper makes a historic official apology to Canada's First Nations in regard to abuses at a Canadian Indian residential school.

The prime minister of Canada is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the confidence of a majority of the elected House of Commons; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a member of Parliament (MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. As first minister, the prime minister selects ministers to form the Cabinet.


The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is launched into orbit.

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, formerly called the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), is a space observatory being used to perform gamma-ray astronomy observations from low Earth orbit. Its main instrument is the Large Area Telescope (LAT), with which astronomers mostly intend to perform an all-sky survey studying astrophysical and cosmological phenomena such as active galactic nuclei, pulsars, other high-energy sources and dark matter. Another instrument aboard Fermi, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, is being used to study gamma-ray bursts and solar flares.


11/06/2007

Mudslides in Chittagong, Bangladesh, kill 130 people.

The 2007 Chittagong mudslides occurred in the port city of Chittagong in south-eastern Bangladesh. On 11 June 2007, heavy monsoon rainfall caused mudslides that engulfed slums around the hilly areas of the city. Experts had previously warned the increasing likelihood of landslides due to the Bangladesh government's failure in curbing the illegal hill cutting taking place in Chittagong.


11/06/2004

Cassini–Huygens makes its closest flyby of the Saturn moon Phoebe.

Cassini–Huygens, commonly called Cassini, was a joint space-research mission by NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a space probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites. The Flagship-class robotic spacecraft comprised both NASA's Cassini space probe and ESA's Huygens lander, which landed on Saturn's largest moon, Titan. Cassini was the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter its orbit, where it stayed from 2004 to 2017. The two craft took their names from the astronomers Giovanni Cassini and Christiaan Huygens.


11/06/2002

Antonio Meucci is acknowledged as the first inventor of the telephone by the United States Congress.

Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci was an Italian inventor and an associate of Giuseppe Garibaldi, a major political figure in the history of Italy. Meucci is best known for developing a voice-communication apparatus that several sources credit as the first telephone.


11/06/2001

Timothy McVeigh is executed for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.

Timothy James McVeigh was an American domestic terrorist who masterminded and perpetrated the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995. The bombing itself killed 167 or 168 people, injured 684 people, and destroyed one-third of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. A rescue worker was killed after the bombing when debris struck her head, bringing the total to 168–169 killed. It remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.


11/06/1998

Compaq Computer pays US$9 billion for Digital Equipment Corporation in the largest high-tech acquisition.

Compaq Computer Corporation was an American information technology company founded in 1982 that developed, sold, and supported computers and related products and services. Compaq produced some of the first IBM PC compatible computers, being the second company after Columbia Data Products to legally reverse engineer the BIOS of the IBM Personal Computer. It rose to become the largest supplier of PC systems during the 1990s. The company was initially based in Harris County, Texas.


11/06/1987

Diane Abbott, Paul Boateng and Bernie Grant are elected as the first black MPs in Great Britain.

Diane Julie Abbott is a British politician who has served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Hackney North and Stoke Newington since 1987. She was the first black woman elected to the UK Parliament, and in 2024 became its longest-serving female MP, earning the title Mother of the House. A former Shadow Home Secretary and Privy Counsellor, Abbott has been a prominent figure on the Labour left and a vocal campaigner on issues of race and inequality. She was suspended from the Labour Party in 2023 over comments about racism, later apologised, and had the whip restored ahead of the 2024 general election. In July 2025, she was suspended again after reiterating those remarks in a BBC interview, and currently sits as an independent MP.


11/06/1981

A magnitude 6.9 earthquake at Golbaf, Iran, kills at least 2,000.

Golbaf is a city in, and the capital of, Golbaf District of Kerman County, Kerman province, Iran.


11/06/1978

Altaf Hussain founds the student political movement All Pakistan Muhajir Students Organisation (APMSO) in Karachi University.

Altaf Hussain is a British Pakistani politician who is known as the founder of the Muttahida Qaumi Movement. He holds United Kingdom citizenship and has been living in exile in the UK since the start of Operation Clean-up. Since 2015, he has been a fugitive from the Anti Terrorism Court of Pakistan on the charges of 'murder, targeted killing, treason, inciting violence and hate speech'. He went on trial in the UK in January 2022 for 'promoting terrorism and unrest through hate speech in Pakistan', and was acquitted the next month. He had fled the country in 1992 after a crackdown against his party was launched.


11/06/1971

The U.S. Government forcibly removes the last holdouts to the Native American Occupation of Alcatraz, ending 19 months of control.

The Indigenous peoples of the Americas are the peoples who are native to the Americas or the Western Hemisphere. Their ancestors are among the pre-Columbian population of South or North America, including Central America and the Caribbean. Indigenous peoples live throughout the Americas. While often minorities in their countries, Indigenous peoples are the majority in Greenland and close to a majority in Bolivia and Guatemala.


11/06/1970

After being appointed on May 15, Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington officially receive their ranks as U.S. Army general officers, becoming the first women to do so.

May 15 is the 135th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 230 days remain until the end of the year.


11/06/1968

Lloyd J. Old identified the first cell surface antigens that could differentiate among different cell types.

Lloyd John Old was an American medical researcher, and one of the founders of the field of cancer immunology. When Old began his career in 1958, tumor immunology was in its infancy. Today, cancer immunotherapies are a significant advance in cancer therapy.


11/06/1964

World War II veteran Walter Seifert attacks an elementary school in Cologne, Germany, killing at least eight children and two teachers and seriously injuring several more with a home-made flamethrower and a lance.

The Cologne school massacre was a mass murder that occurred at the Catholic elementary school located in the suburb of Volkhoven in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany, on 11 June 1964. The perpetrator, Walter Seifert, also known as "Der Feuerteufel von Volkhoven", attacked the people at the school with a home-made flamethrower and a spear, killing eight pupils and two teachers, and wounding twenty-two others. When police arrived at the scene, Seifert fled from the school compound and poisoned himself. He was taken to a hospital, where he died the same evening.


11/06/1963

American Civil Rights Movement: Governor of Alabama George Wallace defiantly stands at the door of Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama in an attempt to block two black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from attending that school. Later in the day, accompanied by federalized National Guard troops, they are able to register.

The civil rights movement was a social movement in the United States from 1954 to 1968 which aimed to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country, which most commonly affected African Americans. The movement had origins in the Reconstruction era in the late 19th century, and modern roots in the 1940s and in Mohandas Gandhi's nonviolent movement in India. After years of nonviolent protests and civil disobedience campaigns, the civil rights movement achieved many of its legislative goals in the 1960s, during which it secured new protections in federal law for the civil rights of all Americans, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968.


Buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức burns himself with gasoline in a busy Saigon intersection to protest the lack of religious freedom in South Vietnam.

Thích Quảng Đức was a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who died by self-immolation at a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June 1963. Quảng Đức was protesting the persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government of Ngô Đình Diệm, a staunch Roman Catholic. Photographs of his self-immolation circulated around the world, drawing attention to the policies of the Diệm government. John F. Kennedy said of one photograph, "No news picture in history has generated so much emotion around the world as that one". Malcolm Browne won the World Press Photo of the Year for his photograph of the monk's death.


John F. Kennedy addresses Americans from the Oval Office proposing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which would revolutionize American society by guaranteeing equal access to public facilities, ending segregation in education, and guaranteeing federal protection for voting rights.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, also known as JFK, was the 35th president of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president, at 43 years. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress before his presidency.


11/06/1962

Frank Morris, John Anglin and Clarence Anglin allegedly become the only prisoners to escape from the prison on Alcatraz Island.

On the night of June 11, 1962, inmates Frank Morris and brothers John and Clarence Anglin escaped from Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, the maximum-security prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay, California, United States. Having spent six months preparing their breakout, the three men tucked papier-mâché model heads resembling their own likenesses into their beds, broke out of the main prison building via ventilation ducts and an unguarded utility corridor, and departed the island aboard an improvised inflatable raft to an uncertain fate. A fourth inmate, Allen West, failed to escape with Morris and the Anglins and was left behind.


11/06/1956

Start of Gal Oya riots, the first reported ethnic riots that target minority Sri Lankan Tamils in the Eastern Province. The total number of deaths is reportedly 150.

The 1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, also known as the Gal Oya riots, was the first organised pogrom against Sri Lankan Tamils in the Dominion of Ceylon. It began with anti-Tamil rioting in Colombo, followed by anti-Sinhalese rioting in the Batticaloa District. The worst of the violence took place in the Gal Oya valley after the Batticaloa attacks, where local majority Sinhalese colonists and employees of the Gal Oya Development Board commandeered government vehicles, dynamite and weapons and massacred minority Tamils. It is estimated that over 150 people, the vast majority Tamils, had died during the violence. The police and army were eventually able to bring the situation under control.


11/06/1955

Eighty-three spectators are killed and at least one hundred are injured after an Austin-Healey and a Mercedes-Benz collide at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the deadliest ever accident in motorsports.

Austin-Healey was a British sports car maker established in 1952 through a joint venture between the Austin division of the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and the Donald Healey Motor Company (Healey), a renowned automotive engineering and design firm. Leonard Lord represented BMC and Donald Healey his firm.


11/06/1944

USS Missouri, the last battleship built by the United States Navy and future site of the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, is commissioned.

USS Missouri (BB-63) is an Iowa-class battleship built for the United States Navy (USN) in the 1940s and is now a museum ship. Completed in 1944, she is the last battleship commissioned by the United States. The ship was assigned to the Pacific Theater during World War II, where she participated in the Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa and shelled the Japanese home islands. Her quarterdeck was the site where the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed, officially ending World War II.


11/06/1942

World War II: The United States agrees to send Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union.

Lend-Lease, formally the Lend-Lease Act and introduced as An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, was a policy under which the United States supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, France, the Republic of China, and other Allied nations of the Second World War with food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and 1945. The aid was given free of charge on the basis that such help was essential for the defense of the United States.


Free French Forces retreat from Bir Hakeim after having successfully delayed the Axis advance.

Free France was a resistance government claiming to be the legitimate government of France following the dissolution of the Third Republic during World War II. Led by General Charles de Gaulle, Free France was established as a government-in-exile in London in June 1940 after the Fall of France to Nazi Germany. It joined the Allied nations in fighting Axis forces with the Free French Forces, supported the resistance in Nazi-occupied France, known as the French Forces of the Interior, and gained strategic footholds in several French colonies in Africa.


11/06/1940

World War II: The Siege of Malta begins with a series of Italian air raids.

World War II, or the Second World War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated. Tanks and aircraft played major roles, the latter enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the only nuclear weapons used in war. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the death of 60 to 75 million people. Millions died as a result of massacres, starvation, disease, and genocides, including the Holocaust. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.


11/06/1938

Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Wuhan starts.

The Second Sino-Japanese War, known in China as the War of Resistance Against Japan, was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan and its puppet states between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. It is often regarded as the beginning of World War II in Asia, as the wars became heavily intertwined after Japan's entry into World War II. It was the largest Asian war in the 20th century.


11/06/1937

Great Purge: The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin executes eight army leaders.

The Great Purge or Great Terror, also known as the Year of '37 and the Yezhovshchina, was a political purge in the Soviet Union from 1936 to 1938. After the assassination of Sergei Kirov by Leonid Nikolaev in 1934, Joseph Stalin launched a series of show trials known as the Moscow trials to remove suspected dissenters from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The term "great purge" was popularized by historian Robert Conquest in his 1968 book, The Great Terror, whose title alluded to the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.


11/06/1936

Inventor Edwin Armstrong demonstrates FM broadcasting to an audience of engineers at the FCC in Washington, DC.

Edwin Howard Armstrong was an American radio-frequency engineer and inventor who developed FM radio and the superheterodyne receiver system.


The London International Surrealist Exhibition opens.

The International Surrealist Exhibition was held from 11 June to 4 July 1936 at the New Burlington Galleries, near Savile Row in London's Mayfair, England.


11/06/1920

During the U.S. Republican National Convention in Chicago, U.S. Republican Party leaders gathered in a room at the Blackstone Hotel to come to a consensus on their candidate for the U.S. presidential election, leading the Associated Press to coin the political phrase "smoke-filled room".

The 1920 Republican National Convention nominated Ohio Senator Warren G. Harding for president and Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge for vice president. The convention was held in Chicago, Illinois, at the Chicago Coliseum from June 8 to June 12, 1920, with 940 delegates. Under convention rules, a majority plus one, or at least 471 of the 940 delegates, was necessary for a nomination.


11/06/1919

Sir Barton wins the Belmont Stakes, becoming the first horse to win the U.S. Triple Crown.

Sir Barton was a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who is the first winner of the American Triple Crown.


11/06/1917

King Alexander assumes the throne of Greece after his father, Constantine I, is deemed to have abdicated under pressure from allied armies occupying Athens.

Alexander was King of Greece from 11 June 1917 until his death on 25 October 1920.


11/06/1903

A group of Serbian officers storms the royal palace and assassinates King Alexander I of Serbia and his wife, Queen Draga.

The May Coup was a coup d'état in the Kingdom of Serbia which resulted in the assassination of King Alexander I and his consort, Queen Draga, inside the Stari Dvor in Belgrade on the night of 10–11 June [O.S. 28–29 May] 1903. This act resulted in the extinction of the Obrenović dynasty that had ruled Serbia since the mid-19th century. A group of army officers led by Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević (Apis) organized the assassination. After the May Coup, the throne passed to King Peter I of the Karađorđević dynasty.


11/06/1901

The boundaries of the Colony of New Zealand are extended by the UK to include the Cook Islands.

The Colony of New Zealand was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1841 to 1907. British authority was vested in a governor. The colony had three successive capitals: Okiato in 1841; Auckland from 1841 to 1865; and Wellington from 1865. Following the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, the colony became a Crown colony with its first elected parliament in 1853. Responsible self-government was established in 1856 with the governor required to act on the advice of his ministers. In 1907, the colony became the Dominion of New Zealand.


11/06/1898

The Hundred Days' Reform, a planned movement to reform social, political, and educational institutions in China, is started by the Guangxu Emperor, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days. (The failed reform led to the abolition of the Imperial examination in 1905.)

The Hundred Days' Reform or Wuxu Reform was a short-lived national, cultural, political and educational reform movement in the Qing Empire, from June 11 to September 21, 1898. It sought to modernize China's institutions during a time of increasing foreign intervention in China following the country's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). Although brief, the movement introduced new political concepts of nationhood and sovereignty, inspiring many of the subsequent "New Policies" reforms launched after 1901.


11/06/1895

Paris–Bordeaux–Paris, sometimes called the first automobile race in history or the "first motor race", takes place.

The Paris–Bordeaux–Paris Trail race of June 1895 is sometimes called the "first motor race", although it did not fit modern competition where the fastest is the winner. It was a win for Émile Levassor, who came first after completing the 1,178km race in 48 hours, almost six hours before second place. However, the official winner was Paul Koechlin, who finished third in his Peugeot, exactly 11 hours slower than Levassor, but the official race regulations had been established for four-seater cars, while Levassor and runner-up Louis Rigoulot were driving two-seater cars.


11/06/1892

The Limelight Department, one of the world's first film studios, is officially established in Melbourne, Australia.

The Limelight Department was one of the world's first film studios, beginning in 1898, operated by The Salvation Army in Melbourne, Australia. The Limelight Department produced evangelistic material for use by the Salvation Army, including lantern slides as early as 1891, as well as private and government contracts. In its 19 years of operation, the Limelight Department produced about 300 films of various lengths, making it one of largest film producers of its time.


11/06/1882

Nationalist riots break out in Alexandria directed against foreign domination. More than 50 Europeans are killed, including the British consul.

The ʻUrabi revolt, also known as the ʻUrabi Revolution, was a nationalist uprising in the Khedivate of Egypt from 1879 to 1882. It was led by and named for Colonel Ahmed Urabi and sought to depose the khedive, Tewfik Pasha, and end British and French influence over the country.


11/06/1865

The Naval Battle of the Riachuelo is fought on the rivulet Riachuelo (Argentina), between the Paraguayan Navy on one side and the Brazilian Navy on the other. The Brazilian victory was crucial for the later success of the Triple Alliance (Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina) in the Paraguayan War.

The Battle of Riachuelo was a large and decisive naval battle of the Paraguayan War between Paraguay and the Empire of Brazil. By late 1864, Paraguay had scored a series of victories in the war, but on 11 June 1865, its naval defeat by the Brazilians on the Paraná River began to turn the tide in favor of the allies.


11/06/1837

The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, fueled by ethnic tensions between Yankees and Irish.

The Broad Street Riot was a massive brawl that occurred in Boston, Massachusetts, on June 11, 1837, between Irish Americans and Yankee firefighters. An estimated 800 people were involved in the actual fighting, with at least 10,000 spectators egging them on. Nearby homes were sacked and vandalized, and the occupants beaten. Many on both sides were seriously injured, but no immediate deaths resulted from the violence. After raging for hours, the riot was quelled when Mayor Samuel Eliot called in the state cavalry, the National Lancers, to quell the riot.


11/06/1825

The first cornerstone is laid for Fort Hamilton in New York City.

A cornerstone is the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation. All other stones will be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire structure.


11/06/1805

A fire consumes large portions of Detroit in the Michigan Territory.

The Great Fire of 1805 occurred on June 11, 1805, in Detroit, which was then part of the Michigan Territory of the United States. The fire destroyed the remaining vestiges of the old Fort Porchartrain and a vast number of buildings in its vicinity. Fort Lernoult and a warehouse on the river were the only structures in Detroit that survived the conflagration.


11/06/1788

Russian explorer Gerasim Izmailov reaches Alaska.

Gerasim Grigoryevich Izmaylov was a Russian navigator involved in the Russian colonization of the Americas and in the establishment of the colonies of Russian America in Alaska. He was responsible for the first detailed maps of the Aleutian Islands.


11/06/1776

The Continental Congress appoints Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston to the Committee of Five to draft a declaration of independence.

The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, who acted as the Provisional Government for the Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain in North America, and the newly declared United States before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. The Continental Congress refers to both the First and Second Congresses of 1774–1781 and at the time, also described the Congress of the Confederation of 1781–1789. The Confederation Congress operated as the first federal government until being replaced following ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Until 1785, the Congress met predominantly at what is today Independence Hall in Philadelphia, though it was relocated temporarily on several occasions during the Revolutionary War and the fall of Philadelphia.


11/06/1775

The Coronation of Louis XVI in Reims, the last coronation before the French Revolution.

The coronation of Louis XVI as King of France and Navarre took place in Reims Cathedral on 11 June 1775, which fell on Trinity Sunday. Louis XVI had come to the throne the previous year in succession to his grandfather Louis XV who had reigned for 59 years. It was the first coronation since 1722 and only the second since 1654 due to the longevity of the two previous monarchs, Louis XIV and Louis XV.


The American Revolutionary War's first naval engagement, the Battle of Machias, results in the capture of a small British naval vessel.

The American Revolutionary War, also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence or simply the American Revolution, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army. The conflict was fought in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean. The war's outcome seemed uncertain for most of the war, but Washington and the Continental Army's decisive victory in the Siege of Yorktown in 1781 led King George III and the Kingdom of Great Britain to negotiate an end to the war. In 1783, in the Treaty of Paris, the British monarchy acknowledged the independence of the Thirteen Colonies, leading to the establishment of the United States as an independent and sovereign nation.


11/06/1770

British explorer Captain James Cook runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef.

Captain James Cook was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer, and cartographer who led three voyages of exploration to the Pacific and Southern Oceans between 1768 and 1779. He completed the first recorded circumnavigation of the main islands of New Zealand, and led the first recorded visit by Europeans to the east coast of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands.


11/06/1748

Denmark adopts the characteristic Nordic Cross flag later taken up by all other Scandinavian countries.

Denmark is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark, also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the north Atlantic Ocean. Metropolitan Denmark, also called "continental Denmark" or "Denmark proper", consists of the northern Jutland peninsula and an archipelago of 406 islands. It is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries, lying southwest of Sweden, south of Norway, and north of Germany, with which it shares a short border. Denmark proper is situated between the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the east.


11/06/1724

Johann Sebastian Bach leads his cantata O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort (O eternity, you word of thunder), BWV 20, on the first Sunday after Trinity, beginning his second cycle, the chorale cantata cycle.

Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety of instruments and forms, including the orchestral Brandenburg Concertos; solo instrumental works such as the Cello Suites and Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin; keyboard works such as the Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered Clavier; organ works such as the Schübler Chorales and the Toccata and Fugue in D minor; and choral works such as the St. Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. He is known for his mastery of counterpoint, as heard in The Musical Offering and The Art of Fugue. Felix Mendelssohn precipitated the Bach Revival with a performance of the St. Matthew Passion in 1829. Ever since, Bach has been acclaimed as one of the greatest composers of classical music.


11/06/1702

Anglo-Dutch forces skirmish with French forces before the walls of Nijmegen and prevent its fall.

The assault on Nijmegen occurred during the War of the Spanish Succession, on 10 and 11 June 1702 involving French troops under the Duke of Boufflers against the small garrison and some citizens of the city of Nijmegen and an Anglo-Dutch army under the Earl of Athlone.


11/06/1685

James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, lands at Lyme in Dorset with loyal followers with the intent to depose king James II of England.

General James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, Duke of Buccleuch was an English Army officer and courtier. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England with his mistress Lucy Walter.


11/06/1594

Philip II recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paved way to the stabilization of the rule of the Principalía (an elite ruling class of native nobility in Spanish Philippines).

Philip II, sometimes known in Spain as Philip the Prudent, was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. He was also jure uxoris King of England and Ireland from his marriage to Queen Mary I in 1554 until her death in 1558. Further, he was Duke of Milan from 1540. From 1555, he was Lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands.


11/06/1559

Don Tristan de Luna y Arellano sails for Florida with party of 1,500, intending to settle on gulf coast (Vera Cruz, Mexico).

Tristán de Luna y Arellano was a Spanish explorer and conquistador of the 16th century.


11/06/1509

Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon.

Henry VIII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 22 April 1509, and King of Ireland from 18 June 1542, until his death in 1547.


11/06/1488

The Battle of Sauchieburn is fought between rebel Lords and James III of Scotland, resulting in the death of the king.

The Battle of Sauchieburn was fought on 11 June 1488, at the side of Sauchie Burn, a stream about two miles (3 km) south of Stirling, Scotland. The battle was fought between the followers of King James III of Scotland and a large group of rebellious Scottish nobles including the future Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home, who were nominally led by the king's 15-year-old son, James, Duke of Rothesay. James III was killed in the battle, and his son succeeded him as James IV.


11/06/1482

The Treaty of Fotheringhay is signed between the English and Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, the rebellious brother of king James III of Scotland.

In July 1482, an English army invaded Scotland during the Anglo-Scottish Wars. The town of Berwick-upon-Tweed and its castle were captured and the English army briefly occupied Edinburgh. These events followed the signing of the Treaty of Fotheringhay, 11 June 1482, in which Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, the brother of James III of Scotland declared himself King of Scotland and swore loyalty to Edward IV of England. The follow-up invasion of Scotland under the command of Edward's brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester failed to install Albany on the throne, but Berwick has remained English ever since the castle surrendered on 24 August 1482. The English army left Edinburgh with a promise for the repayment of the dowry paid for the marriage of Princess Cecily of England to the Scottish Prince.


11/06/1429

Hundred Years' War: Start of the Battle of Jargeau.

The Hundred Years' War was a conflict between the kingdoms of England and France and a civil war in France during the late Middle Ages. It emerged from feudal disputes over the Duchy of Aquitaine and was triggered by a claim to the French throne made by Edward III of England. The war grew into a broader military, economic, and political struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fuelled by emerging nationalism on both sides. The periodisation of the war typically charts it as taking place over 116 years. However, it was an intermittent conflict which was frequently interrupted by external factors, such as the Black Death, and several years of truces.


11/06/1345

The megas doux Alexios Apokaukos, chief minister of the Byzantine Empire, is lynched by political prisoners.

The megas doux was one of the highest positions in the hierarchy of the later Byzantine Empire, denoting the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine navy. It is sometimes also given in English by the half-Latinizations megaduke or megadux. The Greek word δούξ is the Hellenized form of the Latin term dux, meaning leader or commander.


11/06/1157

Albert I of Brandenburg, also called The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), becomes the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, Germany and the first margrave.

Albert the Bear was the first margrave of Brandenburg from 1157 to his death and was briefly duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142.


11/06/1118

Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, captures Azaz from the Seljuk Turks.

Roger of Salerno was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the nephew of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemond II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there was an earthquake that destroyed many of the fortifications of the principality, and Roger took great care to rebuild them, especially those near the frontier.


11/06/1042

Empress Zoe Porphyrogenita marries Constantine Monomachos, who is crowned the following day as Byzantine Emperor.

Zoe Porphyrogenita was a member of the Macedonian dynasty who briefly reigned as Byzantine empress in 1042, alongside her sister Theodora. Before that she was enthroned as Augusta to a series of co-rulers, two of whom were married to her.


11/06/1011

Lombard Revolt: Greek citizens of Bari rise up against the Lombard rebels led by Melus and deliver the city to Basil Mesardonites, Byzantine governor (catepan) of the Catepanate of Italy.

The Norman conquest of southern Italy lasted from 999 to 1194, involving many battles and independent conquerors. In 1130, the territories in southern Italy united as the Kingdom of Sicily, which included the island of Sicily, the southern third of the Italian Peninsula, the archipelago of Malta, and parts of North Africa.


11/06/0980

Vladimir the Great consolidates the Kievan realm from Ukraine to the Baltic Sea. He is proclaimed ruler (knyaz) of all Kievan Rus'.

Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych, given the epithet "the Great", was Prince of Novgorod from 970 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 978 until his death in 1015. The Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church both canonised him as Saint Vladimir.


11/06/0786

A Hasanid Alid uprising in Mecca is crushed by the Abbasids at the Battle of Fakhkh.

The Ḥasanids are the descendants of Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī, brother of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī and grandson of Muhammad. They are a branch of the Alids, and one of the two most important branches of the ashrāf.


11/06/0631

Emperor Taizong of Tang sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing gold and silk in order to seek the release of Chinese prisoners captured during the transition from Sui to Tang.

Emperor Taizong of Tang, previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. He is traditionally regarded as a co-founder of the dynasty for his role in encouraging his father Li Yuan to rebel against the Sui dynasty at Jinyang in 617. Taizong subsequently played a pivotal role in defeating several of the dynasty's most dangerous opponents and solidifying its rule over China proper.


11/06/0173

Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle of the rain".

The Marcomannic Wars were a series of wars lasting from about AD 166 until 180. These wars pitted the Roman Empire against principally the Germanic Marcomanni and Quadi and the Sarmatian Iazyges; there were related conflicts with several other Germanic, Sarmatian, and Gothic peoples along both sides of the whole length of the Roman Empire's northeastern European border, the river Danube.