What happened on 2nd March?

Welcome to 2nd March! Explore 66 historical events, birthdays, deaths, and milestones that shaped this day. From remarkable moments in local and world history to the people who left their mark — find out what makes today special. Tonight's moon is in its waning crescent phase, and the zodiac sign of the day is Pisces. If you're curious about the history of a day — this page brings together everything worth knowing about this 2nd March.

Monday, 2 March falls under the zodiac sign of Pisces, the final sign of the astrological calendar. The moon is in its waning crescent phase, a period traditionally associated with reflection and completion in lunar cycles.

On this day

On this day

In 1969, the Concorde made its maiden flight from Toulouse, France, marking a significant milestone in aviation history. The Anglo-French supersonic jet, registered as F-WTSS, represented a collaborative engineering achievement between two nations during the Cold War era. The aircraft would eventually revolutionise transatlantic travel, though its commercial operation would remain limited to a select few routes.

Vladimir Remek, a Czechoslovak military pilot, became the first person from outside the Soviet Union or the United States to venture into space on 2 March 1978, flying aboard Soyuz 28. This achievement demonstrated the expanding reach of space exploration beyond the two superpowers and marked a symbolic moment in Cold War competition, as Eastern Bloc nations gained access to Soviet space programmes.

On 2 March 2022, Russian forces captured Kherson, becoming the only regional capital taken during the invasion of Ukraine. The fall of the city represented a significant tactical advance in the early stages of the conflict, though the military situation would shift considerably in subsequent months.

DayAtlas provides weather information, historical events, and notable births and deaths for any date and location, offering users a comprehensive overview of what has occurred and what conditions prevailed on specific days throughout history.

Explore everything about today 7th June.

What repeats without pattern teaches nothing; what breaks brings insight.

Fortune of the Day

2nd March in the Stars – Star Sign Pisces

Today, the zodiac sign Pisces celebrates its birthday.

Personality Profile

Personality People born on March 2nd blend profound empathy with creative imagination. Their souls oscillate between dream and reality, enabling them to intuitively understand and inspire others. The number 5 adds a restless drive for change and fresh experiences.

Strengths & Weaknesses These Pisces natives possess extraordinary artistic abilities and emotional intelligence. Their weakness lies in boundlessness and occasional detachment from practicality. Decision-making can be clouded by excessive compassion.

Love In relationships, they're romantic and devoted, seeking deep spiritual connection over superficial romance. Partners appreciate their sensitivity and creativity but must respect their need for personal space.

Caree & Finance Careers in art, spirituality, therapy, or creative industries offer genuine fulfillment. Financial stability requires practical frameworks, as they tend toward emotional rather than logical choices.

Health Their sensitive nervous system requires sufficient rest and artistic outlets. Water-based activities and meditation significantly support both physical and emotional wellness.


That night, the moon was in its waning crescent phase.


Chinese year of the Horse (Fire).

Fun Facts About 2nd March

Name Days in Your Language: Absalom, Aksel, Axel, Chad, Chadwick


Someone born on this day would be just 97 days old today — roughly 2,332 hours, 139,968 minutes, or 8,398,120 seconds spent on Earth so far.


It's the 61. day of the year. In 2026, 2nd March falls on a Monday.


There are 304 days still to come.


We’re currently in Week 10 — the year marches on.

Famous Birthdays on 2nd March

On this day, 222 notable people were born on 2nd March — spanning from 480 to 2016. From world leaders to artists and scientists, discover who shares this birthday.

02/03/2016

Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne

Prince Oscar of Sweden, Duke of Skåne is the younger child and only son of Crown Princess Victoria and her husband, Prince Daniel. He is a grandson of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia and is third in the line of succession to the Swedish throne, after his mother and his sister, Princess Estelle.


02/03/2006

Windy Zhan, Hong Kong singer and actress

Windy Zhan Tian-wen is a Hong Kong female Cantopop singer and actress, and a member of the Hong Kong girl group After Class. She is a contestant of the season 1 of TVB's 2021 reality singing talent competition Stars Academy. Zhan made her solo debut on 31 March 2023 with the single Reminiscence: Distance (沒有你的新學期).


02/03/2002

Brooks Barnhizer, American basketball player

Brooks Barnhizer is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Oklahoma City Blue of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Northwestern Wildcats.


02/03/2000

Bárbara Domingos, Brazilian rhythmic gymnast

Bárbara de Kassia Godoy Domingos is a Brazilian individual rhythmic gymnast. She is a two-time Pan American Championships all-around champion and the first Brazilian rhythmic gymnast to qualify for the individual all-around final at the World Championships. She competed at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the rhythmic individual all-around and qualified for the final.


Illan Meslier, French footballer

Illan Stéphane Meslier is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Premier League club Leeds United.


02/03/1999

Isiah Pacheco, American football player

Isiah Pacheco, nicknamed "Pop" is an American professional football running back for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights. Pacheco was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the seventh round of the 2022 NFL draft. In his first two seasons with the Chiefs, he won Super Bowl LVII and Super Bowl LVIII.


Iñaki Peña, Spanish footballer

Ignacio "Iñaki" Peña Sotorres is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for La Liga club Elche, on loan from Barcelona.


02/03/1998

Tua Tagovailoa, American football player

Tuanigamanuolepola Donny Tagovailoa is an American professional football quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Alabama Crimson Tide and was named the Offensive MVP of the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship during his freshman season. As a sophomore, Tagovailoa won the Maxwell and Walter Camp awards en route to an appearance in the 2019 National Championship.


02/03/1997

Arike Ogunbowale, American basketball player

Arike Faulina Ogunbowale is a Nigerian-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Wings of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and for the Mist of Unrivaled. She played college basketball for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, before being drafted by the Wings with the fifth overall pick of the 2019 WNBA draft. She was the Most Outstanding Player of Notre Dame's 2018 national title run, hitting game-winning baskets in both the semi-final and championship game. Arike Ogunbowale was named WNBA All Star MVP in 2021 and 2024.


Becky G, American singer and actress

Rebbeca Marie Gomez, known professionally as Becky G, is an American singer and actress. Gomez first gained recognition in 2011 for her cover versions of popular songs, which she uploaded to YouTube. Her debut single "Becky from the Block" and her debut EP, Play It Again, were released in 2013, although both failed to chart. In 2014, Gomez achieved mainstream success with the release of "Shower", which reached the top twenty on the US Billboard Hot 100. In 2016, she released her first full Spanish-language single "Sola" as her debut into the Latin music market.


02/03/1996

Jin Longguo, Chinese singer based in South Korea

Jin Longguo is a Chinese singer based in South Korea. He is best known for being a member of the South Korean project boy band JBJ, and for finishing 21st in the survival show Produce 101 Season 2.


02/03/1995

Miguel Andújar, Dominican baseball player

Miguel Enrique Andújar is a Dominican professional baseball left fielder and third baseman for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the New York Yankees, Pittsburgh Pirates, Oakland Athletics / Athletics, and Cincinnati Reds.


Max Domi, Canadian ice hockey player

Maxwell Johannes Domi is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a forward for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the first round, 12th overall, by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2013 NHL entry draft. Domi has also previously played for the Montreal Canadiens, Columbus Blue Jackets, Carolina Hurricanes, Chicago Blackhawks, and Dallas Stars.


Ange-Freddy Plumain, French footballer

Ange-Freddy Plumain is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Cypriot First Division club Nea Salamina. Born in mainland France, he plays for the Guadeloupe national team.


02/03/1993

Nicolás Brussino, Argentine-Italian basketball player

Nicolás "Nico" Brussino is an Argentine-Italian professional basketball player for Gran Canaria of the Spanish Liga ACB. He also represents the senior Argentine national team in international competition. Standing at 2.01 m, he plays at the small forward position.


Adolis García, Cuban baseball player

José Adolis García Arrieta, nicknamed "El Bombi", is a Cuban-born professional baseball outfielder for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the St. Louis Cardinals and Texas Rangers, in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Yomiuri Giants, and in the Cuban National Series for Tigres de Ciego de Ávila. García was an MLB All-Star in 2021 and 2023. García won the 2023 World Series with the Rangers, winning ALCS MVP and setting the single post-season record by recording 22 RBI throughout their championship run.


02/03/1992

Charlie Coyle, American ice hockey player

Charles Robert Coyle is an American professional ice hockey player who is a forward for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Minnesota Wild, Boston Bruins, and the Colorado Avalanche.


02/03/1991

Nick Franklin, American baseball player

Nicholas Edward Franklin is an American former professional baseball second baseman and outfielder. He was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the first round, 27th pick overall, of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft. He attended Lake Brantley High School where he won numerous awards, including being named the player of the year by the Orlando Sentinel in 2009. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Tampa Bay Rays, Milwaukee Brewers, and Los Angeles Angels.


02/03/1990

Rauno Alliku, Estonian footballer

Rauno Alliku is an Estonian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Meistriliiga club Flora.


Malcolm Butler, American football player

Malcolm Terel Butler is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). A two-time Super Bowl champion and 2015 Pro Bowl selection during his tenure with the New England Patriots, Butler is best known for his goal-line interception in the final seconds of Super Bowl XLIX, which prevented a go-ahead touchdown by the Seattle Seahawks and effectively ensured the Patriots' victory. It is regarded as one of the greatest plays in NFL history.


Luke Combs, American singer-songwriter

Luke Albert Combs is an American country singer. He was born in North Carolina and grew up there, performing as a child. After leaving college to pursue a career in music, he moved to Nashville and released his debut EP, The Way She Rides, in 2014.


Tiger Shroff, Indian actor

Jai Hemant "Tiger" Shroff is an Indian actor and singer, who works in Hindi films. Born to actors Jackie Shroff and Ayesha Dutt, he made his acting debut with the action romance Heropanti (2014), for which he won the IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male.


02/03/1989

Toby Alderweireld, Belgian footballer

Tobias Albertine Maurits Alderweireld is a Belgian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.


Alemão, Brazilian footballer

José Carlos Tofolo Júnior, commonly known as Alemão, is a Brazilian football coach and former player who played as a forward. He is the current head coach of Monte Azul.


Nathalie Emmanuel, English actress

Nathalie Joanne Emmanuel is an English actress. Emmanuel began her acting career appearing in theatre in the late 1990s, acquiring roles in various West End productions such as the musical The Lion King. In 2006, she began her on-screen career by starring as Sasha Valentine in soap opera Hollyoaks, after which she appeared in various British television series until her debut film appearance in Twenty8k (2012).


Marcel Hirscher, Austrian skier

Marcel Hirscher is an Austrian-Dutch World Cup alpine ski racer. Hirscher made his World Cup debut in March 2007. He competed primarily in slalom and giant slalom, as well as combined and occasionally in super G. Winner of a record eight consecutive World Cup titles, Hirscher has also won 11 medals at the Alpine Skiing World Championships, seven of them gold, a silver medal in slalom at the 2014 Winter Olympics, and two gold medals in the combined and giant slalom at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Due to his record number of overall titles and many years of extreme dominance of both slalom and giant slalom, he is considered by many, including his former rivals Henrik Kristoffersen, Kjetil Jansrud and Alexis Pinturault, to be the best alpine skier in history. He won a total of 67 World Cup races, ranking second on the male all-time list.


André Bernardes Santos, Portuguese footballer

André Filipe Bernardes Santos is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Liga 3 club Varzim.


Shane Vereen, American football player

Shane Patrick-Henry Vereen is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the California Golden Bears and was selected by the New England Patriots in the second round of the 2011 NFL draft.


Chris Woakes, English cricketer

Christopher Roger Woakes is an English cricketer, a right-handed all-rounder who bowls fast-medium. He plays domestic cricket for Warwickshire and has represented the England national team since making his ODI and T20I debuts in 2011 and his Test debut in 2013 until his international retirement in September 2025. Woakes was part of the England squads that won the 2019 Cricket World Cup and the 2022 T20 World Cup.


02/03/1988

Édgar Andrade, Mexican footballer

Edgar Bismarck Andrade Rentería is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He made his debut in Cruz Azul on January 28, 2006, in a game against Atlas which resulted in a draw. He was on the Mexico national football under-17 team that won the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship. While playing for Cruz Azul he broke his ankle while attempting to recover a ball for his team, in a 2007 match against Estudiantes Tecos UAG. After many months of recovery, he returned to the field in 2007.


James Arthur, English singer-songwriter

James Andrew Arthur is an English singer and songwriter. He rose to fame after winning the ninth series of The X Factor in 2012. His debut single, a cover of Shontelle's "Impossible", was released by Syco Music after the final, and debuted at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart. Since then, it has gone on to sell over 2.5 million copies worldwide, making it the most successful winner's single in the show's history.


Laura Kaeppeler, American beauty queen, Miss America 2012

Laura Marie Kaeppeler is an American beauty pageant titleholder crowned Miss America 2012 on January 14, 2012, representing the state of Wisconsin. Kaeppeler was the first woman representing Wisconsin to win Miss America since Terry Meeuwsen won Miss America 1973. She was briefly on the board of directors for the Miss America Organization.


Matthew Mitcham, Australian diver

Matthew John Mitcham OAM is an Australian retired diver and trampolinist. As a diver, he was the 2008 Olympic champion in the 10m platform, and he is the 2nd highest single-dive score in Olympic history. This made him the first openly gay man to win an Olympic gold medal. He is also the first Australian male to win an Olympic gold medal in diving since Dick Eve at the 1924 Summer Olympics.


Dexter Pittman, American basketball player

Dexter Jerome Pittman is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Texas Longhorns.


Geert Arend Roorda, Dutch footballer

Geert Arend Roorda is a Dutch professional football manager and former player who is the head coach of Tweede Divisie club Excelsior Maassluis.


02/03/1987

Jonas Jerebko, Swedish basketball player

Jonas Jerebko is a Swedish professional basketball player who last played for the Santeros de Aguada of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). He was selected as the 39th overall pick in the second round of the 2009 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons, becoming the second Swedish-born basketball player to be selected in the NBA draft. Jerebko played a total of 10 seasons in the NBA with four different teams, the Detroit Pistons, Boston Celtics, Utah Jazz and Golden State Warriors.


02/03/1986

Jonathan D'Aversa, Canadian ice hockey player

Jonathan D'Aversa is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the American Hockey League (AHL) with Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins before spending the majority of his professional career in Europe.


Jason Smith, American basketball player

Jason Victor Smith is an American former professional basketball player who played twelve seasons in the National Basketball Association. He played college basketball for the Colorado State Rams before being selected with the 20th overall pick in the 2007 NBA draft by the Miami Heat.


02/03/1985

Reggie Bush, American football player

Reginald Alfred Bush II is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the USC Trojans, earning consensus All-American honors twice and winning the 2005 Heisman Trophy. Bush is widely regarded as one of the greatest college football players of all time.


Robert Iler, American actor

Robert Michael Iler is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of A.J. Soprano on The Sopranos. His film roles include Tadpole (2002) and Daredevil (2003).


Suso Santana, Spanish footballer

Jesús Manuel 'Suso' Santana Abreu is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a right winger.


02/03/1984

Jonathan Ericsson, Swedish ice hockey player

Jonathan Ericsson is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player. A defenceman, he was drafted in the ninth round, 291st overall, of the 2002 NHL entry draft and was the final pick of the draft. He has played his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Red Wings organization.


02/03/1983

Deuce, American singer-songwriter and producer

Aron Erlichman, better known by his stage name Deuce, is an American rapper, music producer and guitarist. Brought to fame as a member of the rap rock band Hollywood Undead, Deuce departed from Hollywood Undead in 2010 and has since moved on to solo work through the label "Five Seven Music", a branch of Eleven Seven Music. He was formerly involved in a movement with fellow rapper Truth called "Nine Lives". Deuce released his debut album of the same name on April 24, 2012, which sold 11,425 copies in its first week. Deuce has also collaborated with artists NXTREADY, Ronnie Radke, Brokencyde and Blood on the Dance Floor.


Lisandro López, Argentine footballer

Lisandro López, sometimes known as simply Lisandro, is an Argentine former professional footballer. Primarily a striker, he was also capable of playing on the wings.


Jay McClement, Canadian ice hockey player

Jay McClement is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He was originally selected by the St. Louis Blues in the second round, 57th overall, in 2001, playing for the team before later joining the Colorado Avalanche, Toronto Maple Leafs and Carolina Hurricanes in his NHL career. Currently, he is a pro scout for the Pittsburgh Penguins.


Glen Perkins, American baseball player

Glen Weston Perkins is an American former professional baseball pitcher and a television analyst. He played his entire career in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins.


Ryan Shannon, American ice hockey player

Ryan Patrick Shannon is an American former professional ice hockey player, who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He is currently serving as the head coach of the boys varsity ice hockey team at the Taft School.


02/03/1982

Kevin Kurányi, German footballer

Kevin Dennis Kurányi Rodríguez is a former professional footballer who played as a striker. Born in Brazil, he played for the Germany national team.


Henrik Lundqvist, Swedish ice hockey player

Henrik Lundqvist is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player. He played as a goaltender for 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the New York Rangers. Before winning the Vezina Trophy in 2012, he was nominated in each of his first three seasons, and is the only goaltender in NHL history to record eleven 30-win seasons in his first twelve seasons. He holds the record for most wins by a European-born goaltender in the NHL. His dominating play during his rookie season resulted in the New York media and Rangers fans giving him the nickname "King Henrik".


Joel Lundqvist, Swedish ice hockey player

Joel Per Lundqvist is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player. He played as a centre, spending the majority of his career with Frölunda HC of Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and also played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Dallas Stars from 2006 to 2009. He holds the record for most appearances in the SHL. His identical twin brother is former NHL goaltender Henrik Lundqvist.


Ben Roethlisberger, American football player

Benjamin Todd Roethlisberger Sr., nicknamed "Big Ben", is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 18 seasons with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football for the Miami RedHawks, and was selected by the Steelers in the first round of the 2004 NFL draft.


Corey Webster, American football player

Corey Jonas Webster is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for 9 seasons, all with the New York Giants. He played college football for the LSU Tigers. Webster was selected by the Giants in the second round of the 2005 NFL draft and later won two Super Bowls with the team, both over the New England Patriots.


02/03/1981

Lance Cade, American wrestler (died 2010)

Lance Kurtis McNaught was an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he performed under the ring names Garrison Cade and Lance Cade.


Bryce Dallas Howard, American actress

Bryce Dallas Howard is an American actress and director. The eldest child of filmmaker Ron Howard, she studied acting at the New York University Tisch School of the Arts. While portraying Rosalind in a 2003 production of As You Like It, Howard caught the attention of director M. Night Shyamalan, who cast her as a blind woman in the thriller film The Village (2004) and a naiad in the fantasy film Lady in the Water (2006).


02/03/1980

Chris Barker, English footballer and manager (died 2020)

Christopher Andrew Barker was an English professional footballer who played as a defender. He represented Alfreton Town, Barnsley, Cardiff City, Stoke City, Colchester United, Queens Park Rangers, Plymouth Argyle, Southend United, Hereford FC and Weston Super Mare and he was player-manager of Aldershot Town for three months in 2015. His brother, Richie, is also a professional footballer.


Rebel Wilson, Australian actress and screenwriter

Rebel Melanie Elizabeth Wilson is an Australian actress, comedian and producer. After graduating from the Australian Theatre for Young People in 2003, Wilson began appearing in the SBS comedy series Pizza (2003–2007) and later appeared in the sketch comedy show The Wedge (2006–2007). She wrote, produced and starred in the musical comedy series Bogan Pride (2008). Shortly after moving to the United States, Wilson appeared in the comedy films Bridesmaids and A Few Best Men, both in 2011.


02/03/1979

Damien Duff, Irish footballer

Damien Anthony Duff is an Irish former professional football manager and former player, who most recently managed League of Ireland club Shelbourne.


Jim Troughton, English cricketer

Jamie Oliver Troughton is an English cricket coach and former cricketer. He is currently assistant coach at Surrey, and as a player was mainly an attack-minded left-handed batsman and an occasional slow left-arm orthodox bowler. He played for Warwickshire. He also played for the England One Day International team.


Nicky Weaver, English footballer

Nicholas James Weaver is an English football coach and former professional player.


02/03/1978

Jim Chalmers, Australian politician

James Edward Chalmers is an Australian politician who has served as the treasurer of Australia since 2022. A member of the Labor Party, he has been the member of parliament (MP) for the Queensland division of Rankin since 2013.


Gabby Eigenmann, Filipino actor and singer

Gabriel John Celebre Eigenmann is a Filipino actor, singer, host and model. He is currently working as an exclusive talent of GMA Network.


Lee Hodges, English footballer and manager

Lee Hodges is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Herongate Athletic. He made three appearances in the Premier League for West Ham United and made 184 appearances in the Football League for Exeter City, Leyton Orient, Plymouth Argyle, Ipswich Town, Southend United, Scunthorpe United, Rochdale and Bristol Rovers.


Sebastian Janikowski, Polish gridiron football player

Sebastian Paweł Janikowski is a Polish former professional football placekicker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 19 seasons, primarily with the Oakland Raiders. He played college football for the Florida State Seminoles and was selected 17th overall in the 2000 NFL draft by the Raiders. During his final season, Janikowski played for the Seattle Seahawks.


Tomáš Kaberle, Czech ice hockey player

Tomáš Kaberle is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL), most notably for the Toronto Maple Leafs, as well as for the Boston Bruins, with whom he won the Stanley Cup, Carolina Hurricanes and the Montreal Canadiens. Kaberle also played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Kladno and HC Kometa Brno.


02/03/1977

Dominique Canty, American basketball player and coach

Dominique Danyell Canty is an American professional women's basketball player, most recently with the Washington Mystics in the WNBA.


Chris Martin, English singer-songwriter (Coldplay)

Christopher Anthony John Martin is an English singer, songwriter, musician and producer. He is best known as the vocalist, pianist and co-founder of the rock band Coldplay.


Heather McComb, American actress

Heather McComb is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Maggie on Party of Five (1998–1999) and Frances Malone in Profiler (1997–1998).


Stephen Parry, English swimmer and sportscaster

Stephen Benjamin Parry is an English former competitive swimmer who represented Great Britain in the Olympics, FINA world championships and European championships, and England in the Commonwealth Games. He competed internationally in 100-metre and 200-metre butterfly events.


Andrew Strauss, South African-English cricketer

Sir Andrew John Strauss is an English cricket administrator and former player, formerly the Director of Cricket for the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). He played county cricket for Middlesex, and captained the England national team in all formats of the game. A fluent left-handed opening batsman, Strauss favoured scoring off the back foot, mostly playing cut and pull shots. He was also known for his fielding strength at slip or in the covers. He is currently the managing director of Mindflick, a performance psychometric organisation.


02/03/1975

Daryl Gibson, New Zealand rugby player

Daryl Peter Earl Gibson is the Chief High Performance Officer for New Zealand Cricket (NZC). He was previously an international rugby coach and former New Zealand rugby union footballer. He played for the Crusaders in the Super Rugby and represented his country with the All Blacks. After success as assistant coach with the Waratahs side when they won the 2014 Super Rugby Championship, Gibson replaced Michael Cheika as head Coach of the team in 2015.


02/03/1974

Hayley Lewis, Australian swimmer and television host

Hayley Jane Lewis, OAM, is an Australian former competitive swimmer best known for winning five gold medals and one bronze medal at the 1990 Commonwealth Games as a 15-year-old.


02/03/1973

Dejan Bodiroga, Serbian basketball player

Dejan Bodiroga is a Serbian basketball executive and former professional player, who is currently the president of Euroleague Basketball. In 1998 and 2002, he received the Golden Badge award for the best athlete of Yugoslavia, and the Yugoslav Olympic Committee also declared him the Sportsman of the Year. He was named to the FIBA All-Time EuroStars Team in 2007. In 2018, he was named one of the 101 Greats of European Basketball. HoopsHype named Bodiroga one of the 75 Greatest International Players Ever in 2021. He was inducted into the Greek Basket League Hall of Fame in 2022.


Trevor Sinclair, English footballer and manager

Trevor Lloyd Sinclair is an English football coach, former professional footballer and pundit.


02/03/1972

Mauricio Pochettino, Argentinian footballer and manager

Mauricio Roberto Pochettino is an Argentine professional football manager and former player who is the current head coach of the United States men's national team.


02/03/1971

Roman Čechmánek, Czech ice hockey player (died 2023)

Roman Čechmánek was a Czech professional ice hockey goaltender. He played professionally in the United States, the Czech Republic, and Germany, including in the National Hockey League with the Philadelphia Flyers and Los Angeles Kings from 2000 to 2004. Čechmánek also played for the Czech national team at multiple international tournaments, including seven World Championships.


Dave Gorman, English comedian, author and television presenter

David James Gorman is an English comedian, presenter, and writer.


Method Man, American rapper, record producer and actor

Clifford Smith Jr., known professionally as Method Man, is an American rapper, record producer, and actor. He is a member of the East Coast hip-hop collective Wu-Tang Clan, and is half of the hip-hop duo Method Man & Redman. His debut solo album, Tical (1994), peaked at number four on the Billboard 200 and spawned the single "I'll Be There for You/You're All I Need to Get By", which won Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 38th Annual Grammy Awards. The song also peaked within the top five of the Billboard Hot 100; he and Blige later starred in Power Book II: Ghost, a spin-off of Power.


02/03/1970

James Purnell, English politician, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

James Mark Dakin Purnell is a British former Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament for Stalybridge and Hyde from 2001 to 2010 and also as a Cabinet minister from 2007 to 2009. After leaving parliament, Purnell was chair of Institute for Public Policy Research from 2010 to 2012 before joining the BBC as Director of Strategy from 2013 to 2016 and Director of Radio and Education from 2016 to 2020. In 2020 he was appointed vice-chancellor of University of the Arts London before leaving in 2024 to become CEO of Flint, a British international advisory business.


Ciriaco Sforza, Swiss footballer and manager

Ciriaco Sforza is a Swiss football manager and former professional player who last managed Swiss Challenge League club FC Schaffhausen.


Wibi Soerjadi, Dutch pianist and composer

Wibi Soerjadi is a Dutch concert pianist and composer.


02/03/1968

Daniel Craig, English actor and producer

Daniel Wroughton Craig is an English actor. He gained international fame by playing the fictional secret agent James Bond in the films Casino Royale (2006), Quantum of Solace (2008), Skyfall (2012), Spectre (2015) and No Time to Die (2021).


02/03/1966

Ann Leckie, American author

Ann Leckie is an American author of science fiction and fantasy. Her 2013 debut novel Ancillary Justice, which features artificial consciousness and gender-blindness, won the 2014 Hugo Award for Best Novel, as well as the Nebula Award, the Arthur C. Clarke Award, and the BSFA Award. The sequels, Ancillary Sword and Ancillary Mercy, each won the Locus Award and were both nominated for the Nebula Award. Provenance, published in 2017, Translation State, published in 2023, and Radiant Star, published in 2026, are also set in the Imperial Radch universe.


Simon Reevell, English lawyer and politician

Simon Justin Reevell is a British barrister and Conservative Party politician. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Dewsbury in West Yorkshire during one parliament, losing his seat at the 2015 election.


02/03/1965

Ron Gant, American baseball player and journalist

Ronald Edwin Gant is an American television news anchor and former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1987 and 2003 for eight different teams, primarily the Atlanta Braves (1987–1993), St. Louis Cardinals (1996–1998), and Philadelphia Phillies (1999–2000). He joined the 30–30 club—recording at least 30 stolen bases and 30 home runs in the same season—in 1990 and 1991, while with the Braves. He batted and threw right-handed.


Lembit Öpik, Northern Irish politician

Lembit Öpik is a British former politician. A former member of the Liberal Democrats, he served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Montgomeryshire in Wales from 1997 until he lost his seat at the 2010 general election. He was the leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats from 2001 to 2007.


02/03/1964

Laird Hamilton, American surfer and actor

Laird John Hamilton is an American big-wave surfer, co-inventor of tow-in surfing, and an occasional fashion and action-sports model and actor. He is married to Gabrielle Reece, a former professional volleyball player, television personality, and model.


Mike Von Erich, American wrestler (died 1987)

Michael Brett Adkisson was an American professional wrestler under the ring name Mike Von Erich. His four brothers, David, Kerry, Kevin, and Chris, also wrestled. He was the son of longtime Texas wrestler and wrestling promoter Fritz Von Erich and a member of the Von Erich family.


02/03/1963

Anthony Albanese, Australian politician, 31st Prime Minister of Australia

Anthony Norman Albanese is an Australian politician who has served as the 31st prime minister of Australia since 2022. He has been the leader of the Labor Party since 2019 and the member of parliament (MP) for the New South Wales division of Grayndler since 1996.


Alvin Youngblood Hart, American singer and guitarist

Alvin Youngblood Hart is an American musician.


02/03/1962

Jon Bon Jovi, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor

John Francis Bongiovi Jr., known professionally as Jon Bon Jovi, is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and actor. He is best known as the founder and frontman of the rock band Bon Jovi, which was formed in 1983. He has released 16 studio albums with his band as well as two solo albums.


Paul Farrelly, English journalist and politician

Christopher Paul Farrelly is a British Labour Party politician, banker and journalist, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newcastle-under-Lyme from 2001 to 2019.


Tom Nordlie, Norwegian footballer and coach

Tom Nordlie is a Norwegian football coach. He has managed several top Norwegian football teams.


Brendan O'Connor, Australian politician, Australian Minister for Employment

Brendan Patrick O'Connor is an Australian politician who served as Minister for Skills and Training from 2022 to 2024 in the Albanese ministry after having served in the same portfolio in 2013 in the Second Rudd ministry. He is a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and served in the House of Representatives from 2001 to 2025. He held ministerial office in the governments of Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard from 2007 to 2013, including as a member of cabinet from 2012 to 2013. He was a member of the shadow cabinet from 2013 to 2022.


Raimo Summanen, Finnish ice hockey player and coach

Raimo Olavi Summanen is a former professional ice hockey forward and the former head coach of HIFK of the Finnish SM-liiga. He is also a former coach of the Finnish national team. He was selected by the Edmonton Oilers in the sixth round of the 1982 NHL entry draft, 125th overall, and spent his NHL career, which lasted from 1984 to 1987 with Edmonton and the Vancouver Canucks. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1979 to 1995, was mainly spent in the SM-liiga.


Gabriele Tarquini, Italian race car driver

Gabriele Tarquini is an Italian former racing driver and motorsport executive who competed in Formula One between 1987 and 1995, and World Touring Car from 2005 to 2021. In touring car racing, Tarquini won the World Touring Car Championship in 2009 with SEAT; he also won the British Touring Car Championship in 1994, the European Touring Car Championship in 2003, and the World Touring Car Cup in 2018.


02/03/1961

Simone Young, Australian conductor, director, and composer

Simone Margaret Young AM is an Australian conductor and academic teacher. She is currently chief conductor of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.


02/03/1959

Larry Stewart, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Larry Stewart is an American country music singer and songwriter. He is best known for his role as lead singer of the country pop band Restless Heart, a role which he held on and off between 1984 and the band's breakup in 2021. Additionally, he has released multiple solo projects between 1993 and 2018, a year after his joining the Frontmen. Stewart's solo career includes two albums for RCA Records, one for Columbia Records, and one for Windham Hill Records. His solo albums include multiple charted singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including the top-five hit "Alright Already" in 1993.


02/03/1958

Kevin Curren, South African-American tennis player

Kevin Melvyn Curren is a South African former professional tennis player. He played in two Grand Slam singles finals and won four Grand Slam doubles titles, reaching a career-high singles ranking of world No. 5 in July 1985. During his career he won 5 singles and 16 doubles titles.


Ian Woosnam, English-Welsh golfer

Ian Harold Woosnam is a Welsh professional golfer. In 1976, as a teenager, Woosnam turned pro. He picked up his first European Tour win at the 1982 Swiss Open; this began a decade of success. Woosnam led the European Tour's Order of Merit in 1987 and 1990, ultimately winning 29 tournaments on tour, among the most ever. Woosnam's career reached its peak in 1991, as he won the Masters and spent most of the year ranked number one in the world. After the age of 50, Woosnam has continued his success, winning events on the Champions Tour, European Senior Tour, and Japan Senior Tour. In 2017, at the age 59, Woosnam was inducted the World Golf Hall of Fame.


02/03/1957

Mark Dean, American inventor and computer engineer

Mark Edward Dean is an American inventor and computer engineer. He developed the ISA bus with his partner Dennis Moeller, and he led a design team for making a one-gigahertz computer processor chip. He holds three of nine PC patents for being the co-creator of the IBM personal computer released in 1981. In 1995, Dean was named the first ever African-American IBM Fellow.


Hossein Dehghan, Iranian general and politician, Iranian Minister of Defense

Hossein Dehghani Poudeh, commonly known as Hossein Dehghan, is an Iranian politician and former military officer. He currently serves as the head of the Mostazafan Foundation since 2023. During the Iranian Revolution, he took part in the occupation of the US embassy in Tehran. As commander of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps forces in Tehran, he oversaw the execution of opponents of the Islamic Republic. He commanded the IRGC forces in Lebanon and was among the orchestrators of the 1983 bombing of the American embassy in Beirut.


Dito Tsintsadze, Georgian film director and screenwriter

Dito Tsintsadze is a Georgian film director and screenwriter. He has directed thirteen films since 1988. His film Lost Killers was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. In 2007 he was a member of the jury at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival. Starting from the year 1996 he lives and works in Berlin.


02/03/1956

John Cowsill, American musician, songwriter, and producer

John Patrick Cowsill is an American musician, best known for his work as a singer and drummer with his siblings' band the Cowsills. He has been a drummer and vocalist for the Beach Boys touring band, which featured original Beach Boys member Mike Love and long-time member Bruce Johnston. Cowsill has played keyboards for the Beach Boys touring band performing Al Jardine's and the late Carl Wilson's vocal parts. He has performed and recorded with Jan and Dean and is currently a guest lead singer for The Smithereens.


Mark Evans, Australian rock bass player

Mark Whitmore Evans is an Australian musician, the current bass guitarist for rock band Rose Tattoo, and also a member of hard rock band AC/DC from March 1975 to June 1977. His playing featured on their albums T.N.T, High Voltage, Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap and Let There Be Rock. Evans has played for numerous other groups, sometimes on lead guitar, including Finch, Cheetah, Swanee, Heaven and The Party Boys. Evans' autobiography, Dirty Deeds: My Life Inside/Outside of AC/DC was released in December 2011.


02/03/1955

Dale Bozzio, American pop-rock singer-songwriter

Dale Frances Bozzio is an American rock and pop vocalist. She is best known as co-founder and lead singer of the 1980s new wave band Missing Persons and for her work with Frank Zappa. While with Zappa, she performed significant roles in two of his major works, Joe's Garage (1979) and Thing-Fish (1984). Bozzio has released four solo albums and one EP.


Jay Osmond, American singer, drummer, actor, and TV/film producer

Jay Wesley Osmond is an American musician. He is a member of the Osmond family of performers. He wrote the story to the 2022 musical The Osmonds, a musical based on the life and music of the family. The musical was shown around the United Kingdom and Ireland in 2022, after being previously postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


Ken Salazar, American lawyer and politician, 50th United States Secretary of the Interior

Kenneth Lee Salazar is an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as United States ambassador to Mexico from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 50th United States secretary of the interior in the administration of President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013 and as a United States senator from Colorado from 2005 to 2009.


Steve Small, Australian cricketer

Stephen Mark Small is an Australian former cricketer. He played first-class cricket for New South Wales and Tasmania.


02/03/1954

Ed Johnstone, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Edward Lavern "Eddie" Johnstone is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played for the Michigan Stags/Baltimore Blades in the World Hockey Association (WHA), followed by parts of ten seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the New York Rangers and Detroit Red Wings. He featured in the 1979 Stanley Cup Final with the Rangers.


02/03/1953

Russ Feingold, American lawyer and politician

Russell Dana Feingold is an American lawyer, diplomat, and progressive Democratic politician from Dane County, Wisconsin. He served three terms as a United States senator, representing Wisconsin from 1993 to 2011. In the U.S. Senate, Feingold was known for being the only U.S. senator to vote against the Patriot Act, in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. His signature legislative achievement was the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act that he wrote in collaboration with Republican senator John McCain; while working to pass that legislation, Feingold and McCain were honored with the 1999 John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award for their efforts. The 2002 McCain-Feingold Act was briefly hailed as a landmark good government reform, limiting the influence of money in American politics, but the reforms were quickly circumvented as wealthy interests found new means to influence campaigns, culminating in the 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision Citizens United v. FEC which unleashed unlimited donations to political action committees.


Kazuo Kitagawa, Japanese politician

Kazuo Kitagawa is a retired Japanese politician who served as the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in the cabinet of Junichiro Koizumi.


02/03/1952

Mark Evanier, American author and screenwriter

Mark Stephen Evanier is an American comic book and television writer, known for his work on the animated TV series Garfield and Friends and wordplay for the comic book Groo the Wanderer. He is also known for his columns and blog News from ME, and for his work as a historian and biographer of the comics industry, such as his award-winning Jack Kirby biography, Kirby: King of Comics.


Laraine Newman, American actress and comedian

Laraine Newman is an American actress, comedian, and writer. Newman was part of the original cast of NBC's sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from its inception in 1975 until her departure in 1980.


02/03/1950

Karen Carpenter, American singer (died 1983)

Karen Anne Carpenter was an American musician who was the lead vocalist and drummer of the highly successful duo the Carpenters, formed with her older brother Richard. With a distinctive three-octave contralto range, she was praised by her peers for her vocal skills. Carpenter appeared on Rolling Stone's 2010 list of the 100 greatest singers of all time.


02/03/1948

Larry Carlton, American guitarist and songwriter

Larry Eugene Carlton is an American guitarist who built his career as a studio musician in the 1970s and 1980s for acts including Steely Dan and Joni Mitchell. One of the most sought-after guitarists of his era, Carlton has participated in thousands of recording sessions, recorded on hundreds of albums in many genres including more than 100 gold records, in addition to music for television and movies. He was a member of the jazz fusion group the Crusaders and the smooth jazz band Fourplay maintaining a long solo career.


Rory Gallagher, Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (died 1995)

William Rory Gallagher was an Irish musician, singer, and songwriter. Regarded as "Ireland's first rock star", he is known for his virtuosic style of guitar playing and live performances. He has sometimes been referred to as "the greatest guitarist you've never heard of".


Jeff Kennett, Australian journalist and politician, 43rd Premier of Victoria

Jeffrey Gibb Kennett is an Australian former politician who served as the 43rd Premier of Victoria between 1992 and 1999, Leader of the Victorian Liberal Party from 1982 to 1989 and from 1991 to 1999, and the Member for Burwood from 1976 to 1999. He is currently a media commentator.


Carmen Lawrence, Australian politician, 25th Premier of Western Australia

Carmen Mary Lawrence is an Australian academic and former politician who was the premier of Western Australia from 1990 to 1993, the first woman to become the premier of an Australian state. To date she is the only female premier of Western Australia. A member of the Labor Party, she later entered federal politics as a member of the House of Representatives from 1994 to 2007, and served as a minister in the Keating government.


02/03/1947

John Dawkins, Australian politician

John Sydney "Joe" Dawkins AO is an Australian former politician who was Treasurer in the Keating Labor government from December 1991 to December 1993. He is notable for his reforms of tertiary education as Minister for Employment, Education and Training, his period as Treasurer when he attempted to increase taxes in order to balance the budget and his abrupt exit from politics.


Nelson Ned, Brazilian singer-songwriter (died 2014)

Nelson Ned d'Ávila Pinto was a Brazilian singer-songwriter. He built a career as a singer and composer of sentimental, suffering songs, rising to popularity in Brazil and Latin America in 1969 and becoming known internationally, especially in Portugal, France and Spain. In 1971 he released his first Spanish album, Canción Popular, and performed in the US, Latin America, Europe, and Africa.


Harry Redknapp, English footballer and manager

Henry James Redknapp is an English former football manager and player. He has previously managed AFC Bournemouth, West Ham United, Portsmouth, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, Queens Park Rangers, and Birmingham City. Redknapp managed Portsmouth to the 2002–03 Division One title, gaining promotion to the Premier League and preserving their top-flight status in the 2003–04 season. In his second spell at the club, he managed the side that won the 2008 FA Cup. At the conclusion of the 2009–10 season, he guided Tottenham into the UEFA Champions League.


02/03/1945

Derek Watkins, English trumpet player and composer (died 2013)

Derek Roy Watkins was an English jazz, pop, and classical trumpeter. Best known for his lead trumpet work on the soundtracks of James Bond films, Watkins recorded with British jazz bandleaders as well as the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Symphony Orchestra, and The Beatles. Dizzy Gillespie called him "Mr. Lead".


02/03/1944

Leif Segerstam, Finnish conductor and composer (died 2024)

Leif Selim Segerstam was a Finnish music composer, conductor, violinist, violist, and pianist. He is especially best known for writing over 300 symphonies, along with other works. He held many important positions in Finnish music industry both in Finland and around the world.


02/03/1943

George Layton, English actor, director, and screenwriter

George Layton is a British actor, director, and television comedy writer best known for three television roles – junior doctor Paul Collier in the comedy series Doctor in the House and its sequels Doctor at Large, Doctor in Charge and Doctor at the Top, Bombardier 'Solly' Solomons in the first two series of It Ain't Half Hot Mum, and Des the mechanic in early episodes of Minder. His TV writing credits include episodes of several of the "Doctor" series as well as episodes of Robin's Nest, and Executive Stress.


Peter Straub, American author and poet (died 2022)

Peter Francis Straub was an American novelist and poet. He had success with several horror and supernatural fiction novels, among them Julia (1975), Ghost Story (1979) and The Talisman (1984), the latter co-written with Stephen King. He explored the mystery genre with the Blue Rose trilogy, consisting of Koko (1988), Mystery (1990) and The Throat (1993). He fused the supernatural with crime fiction in Lost Boy, Lost Girl (2003) and the related In the Night Room (2004). For the Library of America, he edited the volume H. P. Lovecraft: Tales and the anthology American Fantastic Tales. Straub received such literary honors as the Bram Stoker Award, World Fantasy Award, and International Horror Guild Award.


Robert Williams, American painter and cartoonist

Robert L. Williams, often styled Robt. Williams, is an American painter, cartoonist, and founder of Juxtapoz Art & Culture Magazine. Williams was one of the group of artists who produced Zap Comix, along with other underground cartoonists, such as Robert Crumb, Rick Griffin, S. Clay Wilson, and Gilbert Shelton. His mix of California car culture, cinematic apocalypticism, and film noir helped to create a new genre of psychedelic imagery.


02/03/1942

John Irving, American novelist and screenwriter

John Winslow Irving is an American and Canadian novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter.


Claude Larose, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Claude David Larose is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 943 career NHL games for the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota North Stars and St. Louis Blues. He also served as an assistant coach for the Hartford Whalers after his retirement. He won 6 Stanley Cups during his career, five coming as a player and one as a scout in 2006.


Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Iranian architect and politician, 79th Prime Minister of Iran

Mir-Hossein Mousavi Khameneh is an Iranian politician, artist, architect, and opposition figure who served as the forty-fifth and last Prime Minister of Iran from 1981 to 1989. He was a reformist candidate for the 2009 presidential election and eventually the leader of the opposition in the post-election unrest. Mousavi served as the president of the Iranian Academy of Arts until 2009, when Iranian authorities removed him. Although Mousavi had always considered himself a reformist and believed in promoting change within the 1979 constitution, on 3 February 2023, in the Mahsa Amini protests, he announced his opposition to the Islamic Republic and asked for a widespread referendum to fully change the constitution and make a fundamental change in Iran's political system.


Lou Reed, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (died 2013)

Lewis Allan Reed was an American musician, songwriter and poet. He was the guitarist, singer, and principal songwriter for the rock band the Velvet Underground and had a solo career that spanned five decades. Although not commercially successful during its existence, the Velvet Underground came to be regarded as one of the most influential bands in the history of underground and alternative rock music. Reed's distinctive deadpan voice, poetic and transgressive lyrics, and experimental guitar playing were trademarks throughout his long career.


Derek Woodley, English footballer (died 2002)

Derek George Woodley was an English footballer who played for West Ham United, Southend United, Charlton Athletic and Gillingham during a 12-year professional career.


02/03/1941

John Cornell, Australian actor, director, and producer (died 2021)

John Cornell was an Australian actor, director, producer, writer, and businessman. He was best known for his role as "Strop" on The Paul Hogan Show, and he was instrumental in the introduction of World Series Cricket in 1977.


David Satcher, American admiral and physician, 16th Surgeon General of the United States

David Satcher is an American physician, and public health administrator. He was a four-star admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and served as the 11th Assistant Secretary for Health, and the 16th Surgeon General of the United States.


02/03/1940

Billy McNeill, Scottish footballer (died 2019)

William McNeill was a Scottish football player and manager. He had a long association with Celtic, spanning more than sixty years as a player, manager and club ambassador. McNeill captained Celtic's 'Lisbon Lions' to their European Cup victory in 1967 and later spent two spells as the club's manager. As a player and manager, he won 31 major trophies with Celtic.


02/03/1939

Jan Howard Finder, American author and academic (died 2013)

Jan Howard Finder was an American academic administrator, career counselor, science fiction writer, filker, hostelling tour guide, cosplayer, and fan. He was a guest of honor at the 1993 Worldcon, ConFrancisco. As a personal affectation, he often spelled his name in all lower case letters, jan howard finder.


02/03/1938

Clark Gesner, American author and composer (died 2002)

Clark Gesner was an American composer, songwriter, author, and actor. He is best known for composing the musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, based on the Charles M. Schulz comic strip Peanuts.


Ricardo Lagos, Chilean economist, lawyer, and politician, 33rd President of Chile

Ricardo Froilán Lagos Escobar is a Chilean lawyer, economist and social-democratic politician who served as president of Chile from 2000 to 2006. During the 1980s he was a well-known opponent of the Chilean military dictatorship and astounded contemporaries in 1988 by openly denouncing dictator Augusto Pinochet on live television. He served as Minister of Education from 1990 to 1992 and Minister of Public Works from 1994 to 1998 under President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle before narrowly winning the 1999–2000 presidential election in a runoff against Independent Democrat Union (UDI) candidate Joaquín Lavín. Lagos was the third president from the centre-left Coalition of Parties for Democracy to have governed Chile since 1990. He was succeeded on 11 March 2006 by Socialist Michelle Bachelet, from the same coalition. From 2007 to 2010 he served as a Special Envoy on Climate Change for the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. Lagos made an unsuccessful bid to run for president in the 2017 Chilean general election.


Lawrence Payton, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 1997)

Lawrence Albert Payton Sr. was an American tenor, songwriter, vocal arranger, musician, and record producer for the popular Motown quartet, the Four Tops.


02/03/1937

Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Algerian soldier and politician, 5th President of Algeria (died 2021)

Abdelaziz Bouteflika was an Algerian politician and diplomat who served as the seventh president of Algeria from 1999 until his resignation in 2019, following mass protests.


02/03/1936

Haroon Ahmed, Pakistani-English engineer and academic

Haroon Ahmed was a British-Pakistani scientist who specialised in the fields of microelectronics and electrical engineering. He was Emeritus Professor of Microelectronics at the Cavendish Laboratory, the Physics Department of the University of Cambridge, Honorary Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.


John Tusa, Czech-English journalist and academic

Sir John Tusa is a British arts administrator, and radio and television journalist. He is co-chairman of the European Union Youth Orchestra from 2014. chairman, British Architecture Trust Board, RIBA, from 2014. From 1980 to 1986, he was a main presenter of BBC2's Newsnight. From 1986 to 1993, he was managing director of the BBC World Service. From 1995 to 2007, he was managing director of the City of London's Barbican Arts Centre.


02/03/1935

Gene Stallings, American football player and coach

Eugene Clifton Stallings Jr. is an American former football player and coach. He played college football at Texas A&M University (1954–1956), where he was one of the "Junction Boys", and later served as the head coach at his alma mater from 1965 to 1971. Stallings was also the head coach of the St. Louis/Phoenix Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL) (1986–1989) and at the University of Alabama (1990–1996). Stallings' 1992 Alabama team completed a 13–0 season with a win in the Sugar Bowl over Miami and was named the consensus national champion. Stallings was also a member of the Board of Regents of the Texas A&M University System. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach on July 16, 2011.


02/03/1934

Howard Cassady, American football player (died 2019)

Howard Albert "Hopalong" Cassady was an American professional football halfback and split end who played in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes, where he won the Heisman Trophy in 1955. Cassady played in the NFL for eight seasons, seven of them for the Detroit Lions, with whom he won the 1957 NFL Championship Game. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1979.


Dottie Rambo, American singer-songwriter (died 2008)

Dottie Rambo was an American gospel singer and songwriter. She was a Grammy winning solo artist and multiple Dove Award-winning artist. Along with ex-husband Buck and daughter Reba, she formed the award-winning southern Gospel group, The Rambos. She wrote more than 2,500 songs, including her most notable, "The Holy Hills of Heaven Call Me", "He Looked Beyond My Fault and Saw My Need", "We Shall Behold Him", and "I Go To the Rock".


02/03/1933

Leo Dillon, American illustrator (died 2012)

Leo Dillon and Diane Dillon were American illustrators of children's books and adult paperback book and magazine covers. One obituary of Leo called the work of the husband-and-wife team "a seamless amalgam of both their hands". In more than 50 years, they created more than 100 speculative fiction book and magazine covers together as well as much interior artwork. Essentially all of their work in that field was joint.


02/03/1932

Gun Hägglund, Swedish journalist and translator (died 2011)

Karin Gunvor Sjöblom Hägglund, better known as Gun Hägglund, was a Swedish television host and translator. Hägglund was the first female television news anchor in Sweden, hosting the Swedish national evening news show Aktuellt in 1958. She is sometimes credited as the first female television news reader in the world, but that claim is inaccurate as British ITN Midday News included female bulletin presenter Barbara Mandell in 1955 and BBC Regional news bulletin included Armine Sandford in 1957.


02/03/1931

Mikhail Gorbachev, Russian lawyer and politician, the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2022)

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was a Soviet and Russian politician who was the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until the country's dissolution in 1991. He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985, and additionally as head of state from 1988. Ideologically, he initially adhered to Marxism–Leninism, but moved towards social democracy by the early 1990s.


02/03/1930

John Cullum, American actor and singer

John Cullum is an American actor and singer. He has appeared in many stage musicals and dramas, including Shenandoah (1975) and On the Twentieth Century (1978), winning the Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical for each. In 1966 he gained his first Tony nomination as the lead in On a Clear Day You Can See Forever, in which he introduced the title song, and more recently received Tony nominations for Urinetown The Musical (2002) and as Best Featured Actor in the revival of 110 in the Shade (2007).


Emma Penella, Spanish actress (died 2007)

Manuela Ruiz Penella, better known as Emma Penella, was a Spanish film and television actress.


Tom Wolfe, American journalist and author (died 2018)

Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. was an American author and journalist widely known for his association with New Journalism, a style of news writing and journalism developed in the 1960s and 1970s that incorporated literary techniques. Much of Wolfe's work is satirical and centers on the counterculture of the 1960s and issues related to class, social status, and the lifestyles of the economic and intellectual elites of New York City.


02/03/1927

Roger Walkowiak, French cyclist and economist (died 2017)

Roger Walkowiak was a French road bicycle racer who won the 1956 Tour de France. He was a professional rider from 1950 until 1960. He died on 6 February 2017 at the age of 89.


02/03/1926

Bernard Agré, Ivorian cardinal (died 2014)

Bernard Agré was an Ivorian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Abidjan from 1994 to 2006. He was made a cardinal in 2001.


Murray Rothbard, American economist and historian (died 1995)

Murray Newton Rothbard was an American economist of the Austrian School, economic historian, political theorist, and activist. Rothbard was a central figure in the 20th-century American libertarian movement, particularly its right-wing strands, and was a founder and leading theoretician of anarcho-capitalism. He wrote over twenty books on political theory, history, economics, and other subjects.


02/03/1924

Cal Abrams, American baseball player (died 1997)

Calvin Ross Abrams, nicknamed "Abie", was an American professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1949 and 1956 for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Cincinnati Reds, Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, and Chicago White Sox.


Renos Apostolidis, Greek philologist, author, and critic (died 2004)

Renos Apostolidis was a Greek writer, philologist and literary critic.


02/03/1923

Basil Hume, English cardinal (died 1999)

George Basil Hume was an English Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Westminster from 1976 until his death in 1999. A member of the Benedictines, he was made a cardinal in 1977.


Robert H. Michel, American soldier and politician (died 2017)

Robert Henry Michel was an American Republican Party politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives for 38 years. He represented central Illinois's 18th congressional district and was the GOP leader in the House, serving as House Minority Leader during his last 14 years in Congress, 1981 to 1995.


Dave Strack, American basketball player and coach (died 2014)

David Hessong Strack was an American athletic director for the University of Arizona and head basketball coach at the University of Michigan. He was inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.


02/03/1922

Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, American saxophonist (died 1986)

Edward F. Davis, known professionally as Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. It is unclear how he acquired the moniker "Lockjaw" : it is either said that it came from the title of a tune or from his way of biting hard on the saxophone mouthpiece. Other theories have been put forward.


Bill Quackenbush, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (died 1999)

Hubert George "Bill" Quackenbush was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who was a defenceman for the Boston Bruins and Detroit Red Wings in the National Hockey League (NHL). During his 14-year career, he was the first defenceman to win the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy. He won the award after playing the entire 1948–49 season without recording a penalty. The penalty-less season was part of a total of 131 consecutive games he played without being assessed a penalty. Quackenbush, considered to be an elite offensive defenceman during his career, was named to the NHL All-Star team five times, played in eight NHL All-Star games and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1976.


Frances Spence, American computer programmer (died 2012)

Frances V. Spence was an American physicist and computer scientist. She was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC. She is considered one of the first computer programmers in history.


02/03/1921

Kazimierz Górski, Polish footballer and coach (died 2006)

Kazimierz Klaudiusz Górski was a Polish professional football manager. He was also a football player, capped once for Poland.


Ernst Haas, Austrian-American photographer and journalist (died 1986)

Ernst Haas was an Austrian-American photojournalist and color photographer. During his 40-year career Haas trod the line between photojournalism and art photography. In addition to his coverage of events around the globe after World War II Haas was an early innovator in color photography. His images were carried by magazines like Life and Vogue and, in 1962, were the subject of the first single-artist exhibition of color photography at New York's Museum of Modern Art. He served as president of the cooperative Magnum Photos. His book of volcano photographs, The Creation (1971), remains one of the most successful photography books ever published, selling more than 350,000 copies.


02/03/1919

Jennifer Jones, American actress (died 2009)

Jennifer Jones, also known as Jennifer Jones Simon, was an American actress and mental-health advocate. Over the course of her career that spanned more than five decades, she was nominated for an Academy Award five times, including one win for Best Actress, and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama.


Eddie Lawrence, American actor, singer, and playwright (died 2014)

Eddie Lawrence was an American monologist, actor, singer, lyricist, playwright, artist, director and television personality, whose comic creation, "The Old Philosopher", gained him a cult following for over five decades.


Tamara Toumanova, Russian-American ballerina and actress (died 1996)

Tamara Toumanova was a Russian-born Georgian-American prima ballerina and actress. A child of exiles in Paris after the Russian Revolution of 1917, she made her debut at the age of 10 at the children's ballet of the Paris Opera.


02/03/1917

Desi Arnaz, Cuban-American actor, singer, and producer (died 1986)

Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III, known as Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader. He played Ricky Ricardo on the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which he co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball. Arnaz and Ball are credited as the innovators of the syndicated rerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.


David Goodis, American author and screenwriter (died 1967)

David Loeb Goodis was an American writer of crime fiction noted for his output of short stories and novels in the noir fiction genre. Born in Philadelphia, Goodis alternately resided there and in New York City and Hollywood during his professional years. According to critic Dennis Drabelle, "Despite his [university] education, a combination of ethnicity (Jewish) and temperament allowed him to empathize with outsiders: the working poor, the unjustly accused, fugitives, criminals."


Jim Konstanty, American baseball player and coach (died 1976)

Casimir James Konstanty was an American professional baseball relief pitcher in Major League Baseball and National League Most Valuable Player of 1950. He played for the Cincinnati Reds (1944), Boston Braves (1946), Philadelphia Phillies (1948–1954), New York Yankees (1954–1956) and St. Louis Cardinals (1956). Konstanty batted and threw right-handed, stood 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) tall and weighed 202 pounds (92 kg).


02/03/1915

John Burton, Australian public servant and diplomat, Australian High Commissioner to Ceylon (died 2010)

John Wear Burton was an Australian public servant, high commissioner and academic.


02/03/1914

Martin Ritt, American actor and film director (died 1990)

Martin Ritt was an American director, producer, and actor, active in film, theatre, and television. He was known mainly as an auteur of socially-conscious dramas and literary adaptations, described by Stanley Kauffmann as "one of the most underrated American directors, superbly competent and quietly imaginative."


02/03/1913

Godfried Bomans, Dutch television host and author (died 1971)

Godfried Jan Arnold Bomans was a Dutch author and television personality. Much of his work remains untranslated into English.


Mort Cooper, American baseball player (died 1958)

Morton Cecil Cooper was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played 11 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Boston Braves, New York Giants, and Chicago Cubs. A four-time MLB All-Star, Cooper won the National League (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in 1942. His younger brother, Walker Cooper, also played in the major leagues.


02/03/1912

Henry Katzman, American pianist, composer, and painter (died 2001)

Henry Manners Katzman was an American musician, composer, painter, and one of the founders of Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI).


02/03/1909

Mel Ott, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (died 1958)

Melvin Thomas Ott, nicknamed "Master Melvin", was an American professional baseball right fielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Giants, from 1926 through 1947.


02/03/1908

Walter Bruch, German engineer (died 1990)

Walter Bruch was a German electrical engineer and pioneer of German television. He was the inventor of closed-circuit television. He invented the PAL colour television system at Telefunken in the early 1960s. In addition to his research activities, Bruch was an honorary lecturer at Technische Hochschule Hannover. He was awarded the Werner von Siemens Ring in 1975.


02/03/1905

Marc Blitzstein, American composer and songwriter (died 1964)

Marcus Samuel Blitzstein, was an American composer, lyricist, and librettist. He won national attention in 1937 when his pro-union musical The Cradle Will Rock, directed by Orson Welles, was shut down by the Works Progress Administration. He is known for The Cradle Will Rock and for his off-Broadway translation and adaptation of The Threepenny Opera by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill. His works also include the opera Regina, an adaptation of Lillian Hellman's play The Little Foxes; the Broadway musical Juno, based on Seán O'Casey's play Juno and the Paycock; and No for an Answer. He completed translations and adaptations of Brecht's and Weill's musical play Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny and of Brecht's play Mother Courage and Her Children with music by Paul Dessau. Blitzstein also composed music for films, such as Surf and Seaweed (1931) and The Spanish Earth (1937), and he contributed two songs to the original 1960 production of Hellman's play Toys in the Attic.


Geoffrey Grigson, English poet and critic (died 1985)

Geoffrey Edward Harvey Grigson was a British poet, writer, editor, critic, exhibition curator, anthologist and naturalist. In the 1930s, he was editor of the influential magazine New Verse, and went on to produce 13 collections of his own poetry, as well as compiling numerous anthologies, among many published works on subjects including art, travel and the countryside. Grigson was in 1946 a co-founder of the Institute of Contemporary Arts. His autobiography The Crest on the Silver was published in 1950. At various times, Grigson was involved in teaching, journalism and broadcasting. Fiercely combative, he made many literary enemies.


02/03/1904

Dr. Seuss, American children's book writer, poet, and illustrator (died 1991)

Theodor Seuss Geisel was an American children's author, illustrator, animator, and cartoonist. He is known for his work writing and illustrating more than 60 books under the pen name Dr. Seuss. His work includes many of the most popular children's books of all time, selling over 600 million copies and being translated into more than 20 languages by the time of his death.


02/03/1902

Moe Berg, American baseball player and spy (died 1972)

Morris Berg was an American professional baseball catcher and coach in Major League Baseball who later served as a spy for the Office of Strategic Services during World War II. He played 15 seasons in the major leagues, almost entirely for four American League teams, though he was never more than an average player and was better known for being "the brainiest guy in baseball." Casey Stengel once described Berg as "the strangest man ever to play baseball."


Edward Condon, American physicist and academic (died 1974)

Edward Uhler Condon was an American nuclear physicist, a pioneer in quantum mechanics, and a participant during World War II in the development of radar and, very briefly, of nuclear weapons as part of the Manhattan Project. The Franck–Condon principle and the Slater–Condon rules are co-named after him.


02/03/1901

Grete Hermann, German mathematician and philosopher (died 1984)

Grete Hermann was a German mathematician, philosopher, theoretical physicist, writer, and educator. She is known for her foundational work in quantum mechanics and computer algebra; her writings on political philosophy; and her work with the Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund (ISK) in opposition to Nazism.


02/03/1900

Kurt Weill, German-American pianist and composer (died 1950)

Kurt Julian Weill was a German-born American composer active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States. He was a leading composer for the stage who was best known for his fruitful collaborations with Bertolt Brecht. With Brecht, he wrote his best-known work, The Threepenny Opera, which includes the ballad "Mack the Knife". Weill held the ideal of writing music that served a socially useful purpose, Gebrauchsmusik. He also wrote several works for the concert hall and a number of works on Jewish themes. He fled Nazi Germany in 1933, arriving in the United States two years later. Settling in New York, he made a substantial contribution to American musical theater through works such as Lady in the Dark and Street Scene.


02/03/1886

Willis H. O'Brien, American animator and director (died 1962)

Willis Harold O'Brien, known as Obie O'Brien, was an American motion picture special effects and stop-motion animation pioneer, who according to ASIFA-Hollywood "was responsible for some of the best-known images in cinema history," and is best remembered for his work on The Lost World (1925), King Kong (1933), The Last Days of Pompeii (1935) and Mighty Joe Young (1949), for which he won the 1950 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects.


Kurt Grelling, German logician and philosopher (died 1942)

Kurt Grelling was a German logician and philosopher, member of the Berlin Circle.


02/03/1880

René Vallon, French aviator (died 1911)

René Vallon was an early French aviator. Born in Paris, he travelled to Shanghai, China, in 1911 with a group of aviation enthusiasts to promote aircraft sales. He achieved the first aeroplane flight in China on 21 February 1911 at Jiangwan Racecourse, with this and subsequent flights drawing large crowds. He died in an aviation accident less than three months later, resulting in the cancellation of a planned purchase by the Chinese government. Vallon was commemorated with a road and a memorial in the Shanghai French Concession.


02/03/1876

James A. Gilmore, American businessman and baseball executive (died 1947)

James Alexander Gilmore was an American businessman who served as president of baseball's Federal League when it attempted to become a third major league, alongside the American League and National League, in 1914 and 1915.


Pope Pius XII (died 1958)

Pope Pius XII was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City from 2 March 1939 until his death on 9 October 1958.


02/03/1869

Julien Félix, French military officer and aviator (died 1914)

Major Julien-Alexandre Félix was the director of manoeuvres in the French Military Aviation School, École militaire de Pau. He set the altitude record on August 5, 1911 in Étampes in France by climbing to 11,330 feet in 63 minutes, breaking the record of Georges Legagneux.


02/03/1866

Margaret Sibella Brown, Canadian bryologist (died 1961)

Margaret Sibella Brown was a Canadian amateur bryologist specializing in mosses and liverworts native to Nova Scotia. Early in her career she was involved with gathering supplies of sphagnum moss to be used as surgical dressings during World War I, when cotton was in short supply. After the war, she researched mosses from around the world, collecting specimens in Europe, the Caribbean, and the United States, as well as her native Canada. She published several papers in academic journals, some on materials she had collected herself and some cataloging samples collected by other investigators. Samples she collected are now housed at several major herbaria in North America and Europe.


02/03/1862

John Jay Chapman, American lawyer, author, and poet (died 1933)

John Jay Chapman was an American writer and lawyer. He was most known for his essays and poetry.


02/03/1860

Susanna M. Salter, American activist and politician (died 1961)

Susanna Madora Salter was an American politician and activist. From 1887 to 1888, she was mayor of Argonia, Kansas, becoming the first woman to serve in that role in the United States and one of the earliest in any U.S. political office.


02/03/1859

Sholem Aleichem, Ukrainian-American author and playwright (died 1916)

Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich, better known under his pen name Sholem Aleichem, was a Jewish author and playwright who wrote in Yiddish and lived in the Russian Empire and in the United States. The 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof, based on Aleichem's stories about Tevye the Dairyman, was the first commercially successful English-language stage production about Jewish life in Eastern Europe.


02/03/1849

Robert Means Thompson, American commander, lawyer, and businessman (died 1930)

Robert Means Thompson was a United States Navy officer, business magnate, philanthropist and a president of the American Olympic Association. He is the namesake of the destroyer USS Thompson (DD-627).


02/03/1846

Marie Roze, French soprano (died 1926)

Marie Roze, was a French operatic soprano.


02/03/1842

Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer, art collector, and philanthropist (died 1914)

Carl Christian Hillman Jacobsen was a Danish brewer, art collector and philanthropist. Though often preoccupied with his cultural interests, Jacobsen was a shrewd and visionary businessman and initiated the transition of the brewery Carlsberg from a local Copenhagen brewery to the multinational conglomerate that it is today.


02/03/1836

Henry Billings Brown, American lawyer and judge (died 1913)

Henry Billings Brown was an American jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1891 to 1906.


02/03/1829

Carl Schurz, German-American general, lawyer, and politician, 13th United States Secretary of the Interior (died 1906)

Carl Christian Schurz was a German-American revolutionary and an American statesman, journalist, and reformer. He migrated to the United States after the German revolutions of 1848–1849 and became a prominent member of the newly-forming Republican Party. After serving as a Union general in the American Civil War, he helped found the short-lived Liberal Republican Party and became a prominent advocate of civil-service reform. Schurz represented Missouri in the United States Senate and served as the 13th United States Secretary of the Interior.


02/03/1824

Bedřich Smetana, Czech pianist and composer (died 1884)

Bedřich Smetana was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his people's aspirations to a cultural and political "revival". He has been regarded in his homeland as the father of Czech music. Internationally he is best known for his 1866 opera The Bartered Bride and for the symphonic cycle Má vlast, which portrays the history, legends and landscape of the composer's native Bohemia. It contains the famous symphonic poem "Vltava", also popularly known by its German name "Die Moldau".


02/03/1820

Multatuli, Dutch writer (died 1887)

Eduard Douwes Dekker, better known by his pen name Multatuli, was a Dutch writer best known for his satirical novel Max Havelaar (1860), which denounced the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies. He is considered one of the Netherlands' greatest authors.


02/03/1817

János Arany, Hungarian journalist and poet (died 1882)

János Arany was a Hungarian poet, writer, translator and journalist. He is often said to be the "Shakespeare of ballads" – he wrote more than 102 ballads that have been translated into over 50 languages, as well as the Toldi trilogy.


02/03/1816

Alexander Bullock, American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1882)

Alexander Hamilton Bullock was an American lawyer, politician, and businessman from Massachusetts. First a Whig and then a Republican, he served three terms (1866–69) as the 26th governor of Massachusetts. He was actively opposed to the expansion of slavery before the American Civil War, playing a major role in the New England Emigrant Aid Society, founded in 1855 to settle the Kansas Territory with abolitionists. He was for many years involved in the insurance industry in Worcester, where he also served one term as mayor.


02/03/1810

Pope Leo XIII (died 1903)

Pope Leo XIII was head of the Catholic Church from 1878 until his death in 1903. He had the fourth-longest reign and third-longest verified reign of any pope, behind those of St. Peter, Pius IX, and John Paul II.


02/03/1800

Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian-Italian poet and philosopher (died 1844)

Yevgeny Abramovich Baratynsky was a Russian poet. He was lauded by Alexander Pushkin as the finest Russian elegiac poet. After a long period when his reputation was on the wane, Baratynsky was rediscovered by Russian Symbolism poets as a supreme poet of thought.


02/03/1793

Sam Houston, American soldier and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Texas (died 1863)

Samuel Houston was an American military general and statesman who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two individuals to represent Texas in the United States Senate. He also served as the sixth governor of Tennessee and the seventh governor of Texas. Houston is the only individual to be elected governor of two different US states.


02/03/1779

Joel Roberts Poinsett, American physician and politician, 15th United States Secretary of War (died 1851)

Joel Roberts Poinsett was an American medical doctor, botanist, politician, and diplomat. He was the first U.S. agent in Hispanic America, a member of the South Carolina Legislature, and later a United States Representative from 1821 to 1825. In 1825, he was appointed by John Quincy Adams as the first United States Minister to Mexico, replacing envoy James Wilkinson, and serving through the first year of Andrew Jackson's administration in 1829. He represented the United States government to the First Mexican Empire, the Provisional Government, and the First Mexican Republic in Mexico City.


02/03/1770

Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (died 1826)

Louis-Gabriel Suchet, duc d'Albuféra, was a French Marshal of the Empire and one of the most successful commanders of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. During the Peninsular War, he was remembered as a skilled administrator. He is placed among the greatest commanders of the Napoleonic Wars.


02/03/1769

DeWitt Clinton, American lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of New York (died 1828)

DeWitt Clinton was an American politician and naturalist. He served as a United States senator, as the mayor of New York City, and as the sixth governor of New York. In the last capacity, he was largely responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal. Clinton was a major candidate for the American presidency in the election of 1812, challenging incumbent James Madison.


02/03/1760

Camille Desmoulins, French journalist and politician (died 1794)

Lucie-Simplice-Camille-Benoît Desmoulins was a French journalist, politician and a prominent figure of the French Revolution. He is best known for playing an instrumental role in the events that led to the Storming of the Bastille. Desmoulins was also noted for his radical criticism of the Reign of Terror as the editor of the journal Le Vieux Cordelier. He was a schoolmate and close friend of Maximilien Robespierre and a close friend and political ally of Georges Danton, who were leading figures in the French Revolution.


02/03/1740

Nicholas Pocock, English naval painter (died 1821)

Nicholas Pocock was an English artist who specialised in marine art, in both oils and watercolour..


02/03/1705

William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish lawyer, judge, and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (died 1793)

William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield,, was a British barrister, politician and judge best known for his reforms to English law. Born in Scone Palace, Perthshire into the Scottish nobility, he was educated in Perth before moving to London at the age of 13 to study at Westminster School. Accepted into Christ Church, Oxford, in May 1723, Mansfield graduated four years later and returned to London, where he was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn in November 1730 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent barrister.


02/03/1651

Carlo Gimach, Maltese architect, engineer and poet (died 1730)

Carlo Gimach was a Maltese architect, engineer and poet who was active in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Throughout his career, he worked in Malta, Portugal, and Rome, and he is mostly known for designing Palazzo Carneiro in Valletta, renovating the Monastery of Arouca in Portugal, and restoring the Basilica of St. Anastasia in Rome. He is known to have written a number of poems and other literary works, but these are all lost with the exception of one cantata which he wrote in 1714.


02/03/1628

Cornelis Speelman, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (died 1684)

Cornelis Janszoon Speelman was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1681 to 1684.


02/03/1577

George Sandys, English traveller, colonist and poet (died 1644)

George Sandys was an English traveller, colonist, poet, and translator. He was known for his translations of Ovid's Metamorphoses and the Passion of Jesus, as well as his travel narratives of the Eastern Mediterranean region, which formed a substantial contribution to geography and ethnology.


02/03/1545

Thomas Bodley, English diplomat and scholar, founded the Bodleian Library (died 1613)

Sir Thomas Bodley was an English diplomat and scholar who founded the Bodleian Library in Oxford.


02/03/1481

Franz von Sickingen, German knight (died 1523)

Franz von Sickingen was a knight of the Holy Roman Empire who, with Ulrich von Hutten, led the so-called "Knights' War". He is posthumously known as the "Last Knight", an epithet shared with his contemporaries Chevalier de Bayard and Emperor Maximilian.


02/03/1459

Pope Adrian VI (died 1523)

Pope Adrian VI, born Adriaan Florensz Boeyens, was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 9 January 1522 until his death on 14 September 1523. The only Dutchman to become pope, he was the last non-Italian pope until the Polish John Paul II 455 years later.


02/03/1453

Johannes Engel, German doctor, astronomer and astrologer (died 1512)

Johannes Engel, also known as Johannes Angelus, was a doctor, astronomer and astrologer from Aichach, near Augsburg, which at that time was a Free Imperial City within the Holy Roman Empire. He practiced medicine in Vienna, and published numerous almanachs, planetary tables and calendars. His Astrolabium planum was published by Erhard Ratdolt of Augsburg in 1488; a second edition was printed by Johann Emerich for Lucantonio Giunti in Venice in 1494.


02/03/1432

Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach, countess consort of Hanau (died 1457)

Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach was the eldest daughter of Count Palatine Otto I of Mosbach and his wife, Johanna of Bavaria-Landshut. She married on 11 July 1446 to Count Reinhard III of Hanau, who succeeded his father as ruling Count in 1451.


02/03/1409

Jean II, Duke of Alençon (died 1476)

Jean II of Alençon was a French nobleman. He succeeded his father as Duke of Alençon and Count of Perche as a minor in 1415, after the latter's death at the Battle of Agincourt. He is best known as a general in the last phase of the Hundred Years' War and for his role as a comrade-in-arms of Joan of Arc.


02/03/1316

Robert II of Scotland (died 1390)

Robert II was King of Scots from 1371 to his death in 1390. The son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and Marjorie, daughter of King Robert the Bruce, he was named Robert Stewart. Upon the death of his uncle David II, Robert succeeded to the throne as the first monarch of the House of Stuart.


02/03/0480

Benedict of Nursia, Italian Christian saint (died 543 or 547)

Benedict of Nursia, often known as Saint Benedict, was an Italian monk and the founder of the Order of Saint Benedict. He is famed in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Churches, the Anglican Communion, and Old Catholic Churches. In 1964, Pope Paul VI declared Benedict a patron saint of Europe.


Lives Remembered on 2nd March

On 2nd March, 85 remarkable people passed away — from 274 to 2024. Remember the lives and legacies of those we lost on this day.

02/03/2024

Janice Burgess, American television executive, screenwriter, and producer (born 1952)

Janice Burgess was an American television executive, screenwriter and producer for Nickelodeon. She created the Nick Jr. series The Backyardigans and worked as a writer and story editor for Nickelodeon's revival of Winx Club. Both shows were produced at the Nickelodeon Animation Studio. Burgess joined Nickelodeon in 1995 as executive-in-charge of production.


Jaclyn Jose, Filipino actress (born 1963)

Mary Jane Santa Ana Guck, known professionally as Jaclyn Jose, was a Filipino actress. Known for her penetrating eyes and antagonistic roles in film and soap operas, she was a recipient of various accolades, including five Gawad Urians, two Luna Awards, and a FAMAS Award, in addition to an Asian Film Awards nomination. She is the only Filipino to win the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for the movie Ma' Rosa (2016). She was also described as the "Queen of Underacting" for her ability to deliver restrained and subtle performances.


02/03/2019

Mike Oliver, British sociologist, disability rights activist (born 1945)

Michael James Hoiles Oliver was an English sociologist, author, and disability rights activist. He was the first Professor of Disability Studies in the world, and key advocate of the social model of disability.


02/03/2018

Billy Herrington, American actor (born 1969)

William Glen Harold Herrington, was an American model, body builder and pornographic film actor. In the late 2000s, his appearances in various gay pornography movies led him to become a popular Internet meme on video-sharing websites such as Japan's Nico Nico Douga, where he was referred to by the sobriquet "Aniki" . Since then, at least 15,000 short mash-up parodies of his clips—known as "Gachimuchi Pants Wrestling" —have been produced by users.


Lin Hu, Chinese lieutenant general (born 1927)

Lin Hu was a Chinese fighter pilot and lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). Born to a Russian mother and a Chinese father, he was orphaned at a young age. Lin joined the Eighth Route Army to fight in the Second Sino-Japanese War before he turned 11. After the Second World War, he was trained as a fighter pilot and fought in the Korean War and the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. He served as deputy commander of the PLA Air Force from 1985 to 1994 and attained the rank of lieutenant general in 1988.


02/03/2016

Benoît Lacroix, Canadian priest, historian, and philosopher (born 1915)

Benoît Lacroix was a Quebec theologian, philosopher, Dominican priest, professor in medieval studies and historian of the Medieval period, and author of almost 50 works and a great number of articles.


Aubrey McClendon, American businessman (born 1959)

Aubrey Kerr McClendon was an American businessman primarily engaged in natural gas exploration. He was the co-founder, CEO and chairman of Chesapeake Energy, and, after being forced from the company due to a possible conflict of interest, he was the founder and chief executive officer of American Energy Partners, LP. He was an outspoken advocate for natural gas as an alternative to oil and coal fuels, and a pioneer in employing hydraulic fracturing.


02/03/2015

Dean Hess, American minister and colonel (born 1917)

Dean Elmer Hess was an American minister and United States Air Force Lieutenant Colonel who was involved in the so-called "Kiddy Car Airlift," the documented rescue of 950 orphans and 80 orphanage staff from the path of the Chinese advance during the Korean War on December 20, 1950. He is the subject of the autobiography Battle Hymn, published in 1956, which later served the basis for the 1957 film of the same name, where he was played by Rock Hudson.


Dave Mackay, Scottish-English footballer and manager (born 1934)

David Craig Mackay was a Scottish football player and manager. Mackay was best known for a highly successful playing career with Heart of Midlothian, the double-winning Tottenham Hotspur side of 1961 and winning the league with Derby County as a manager. He also represented Scotland 22 times and was selected for their 1958 FIFA World Cup squad. Mackay tied with Tony Book of Manchester City for the Footballer of the Year award in 1969 and was later listed by the Football League in their "100 Legends", as well as being an inaugural inductee to both the English and Scottish Football Halls of Fame. He was described by Spurs as one of their greatest players and was known as 'the heartbeat' of their most successful ever team.


Mal Peet, English author and illustrator (born 1947)

Malcolm Charles Peet was an English writer and illustrator best known for young adult fiction. He has won several honours including the Brandford Boase, the Carnegie Medal and the Guardian Prize, British children's literature awards that recognise "year's best" books. Three of his novels feature football and the fictional South American sports journalist Paul Faustino. The Murdstone Trilogy (2014) and "Mr Godley's Phantom" were his first works aimed at adult readers.


02/03/2014

Ryhor Baradulin, Belarusian poet and translator (born 1935)

Ryhor Janavič Baradulin was a Belarusian poet, essayist and translator.


02/03/2013

Peter Harvey, Australian journalist (born 1944)

Peter Michael St Clair Harvey was an Australian journalist and broadcaster. Harvey was a long-serving correspondent and contributor with the Nine Network from 1975 to 2013.


Giorgos Kolokithas, Greek basketball player (born 1945)

Giorgos Kolokithas was a Greek professional basketball player. He is considered to have been one of the best scorers and players in Greek basketball history, and as a player, he had the nickname of "Basket Machine". He was a member of the FIBA European Selection team in 1970. Kolokithas was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players in 1991.


Shabnam Shakeel, Pakistani poet and author (born 1942)

Shabnam Shakeel was a Pakistani poet, writer, and academician. Shabnam spent her early life in Lahore, Pakistan, and received a master's degree in Urdu literature. During her career, she worked as a lecturer at several colleges in Pakistan. Her first book Tanqeedi Mazameen, was published in 1965. She won numerous awards, honours and titles for her contributions to Urdu literature including the prestigious presidents' Pride of Performance award in 2005.


02/03/2012

Lawrence Anthony, South African environmentalist, explorer, and author (born 1950)

Lawrence Anthony was a South African conservationist, environmentalist, explorer and author. He was the long-standing head of conservation at the Thula Thula animal reserve in Zululand, South Africa, and the Founder of The Earth Organization, a privately registered, independent, international conservation and environmental group. He was an international member of the Explorers Club of New York and a member of the National Council of the Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science.


Van T. Barfoot, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1919)

Van Thomas Barfoot was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in World War II.


Norman St John-Stevas, English academic and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (born 1929)

Norman Antony Francis St John-Stevas, Baron St John of Fawsley, was a British Conservative politician, author and barrister. He served as Leader of the House of Commons in the government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher from 1979 to 1981. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Chelmsford from 1964 to 1987 and was made a life peer in 1987. His surname was created by compounding those of his father (Stevas) and mother.


James Q. Wilson, American political scientist and academic (born 1931)

James Quinn Wilson was an American political scientist and an authority on public administration. Most of his career was spent as a professor at UCLA and Harvard University. He was the chairman of the Council of Academic Advisors of the American Enterprise Institute, member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (1985–1990), and the President's Council on Bioethics. He was Director of Joint Center for Urban Studies at Harvard-MIT.


02/03/2010

Winston Churchill, English journalist and politician (born 1940)

Winston Spencer Churchill, generally known as Winston Churchill, was an English Conservative politician and a grandson of the British prime minister of the same name. During the period of his prominence as a public figure, he was normally referred to as Winston Churchill MP, in order to distinguish him from his grandfather. His father Randolph Churchill was also an MP and his mother Pamela Harriman was the United States Ambassador to France.


02/03/2009

João Bernardo Vieira, Bissau-Guinean politician, President of Guinea-Bissau (born 1939)

João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was a Bissau-Guinean politician and military officer who served as President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999, except for a three-day period in May 1984, and from 2005 until his assassination in 2009.


Shigeru Morita, Japanese painter (born 1907)

Shigeru Morita was a Japanese oil painter. His works were mainly centered on western-style paintings, and were exhibited multiple times across his career.


02/03/2008

Jeff Healey, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1966)

Norman Jeffrey Healey was a Canadian blues, rock and jazz guitarist, singer and songwriter who attained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. He reached No. 5 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart with "Angel Eyes" and reached the Top 10 in Canada with the songs "I Think I Love You Too Much" and "How Long Can a Man Be Strong".


02/03/2007

Thomas S. Kleppe, American soldier and politician, 41st United States Secretary of the Interior (born 1919)

Thomas Savig Kleppe was an American politician who served as the representative from North Dakota. He was also the administrator of the Small Business Administration and the U.S. secretary of the interior.


Clem Labine, American baseball player (born 1926)

Clement Walter Labine was an American right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) best known for his years with the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers from 1950 to 1960.


Ivan Safronov, Russian colonel and journalist (born 1956)

Ivan Ivanovich Safronov was a Russian journalist and columnist who covered military affairs for the daily newspaper Kommersant. He died after falling from the fifth floor of his Moscow apartment building. His apartment was on the third floor. There are speculations that he may have been killed for his critical reporting: the Taganka District prosecutor's office in Moscow initiated a criminal investigation into Safronov's death, and in September 2007, officially ruled his death a suicide.


Henri Troyat, Russian-French historian and author (born 1911)

Henri Troyat was a Russian-French writer, biographer, historian, and novelist.


02/03/2005

Martin Denny, American pianist and composer (born 1911)

Martin Denny was an American pianist, composer, and arranger. Known as the "father of exotica", he was a multi-instrumentalist and could play a number of percussion instruments. In a long career that saw him performing up to 3 weeks prior to his death, he toured the world popularizing his brand of lounge music which included exotic percussion, imaginative rearrangements of popular songs, and original songs that celebrated Tiki culture.


02/03/2004

Cormac McAnallen, Irish footballer (born 1980)

Cormac McAnallen was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played for the Eglish St Patrick's club and the Tyrone county team.


Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (born 1916)

Carlotta Mercedes Agnes McCambridge was an American actress of radio, stage, film, and television. Orson Welles called her "the world's greatest living radio actress". She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her screen debut in All the King's Men (1949) and was nominated in the same category for Giant (1956). She voiced the majority of dialogue for demon Pazuzu in The Exorcist (1973).


Marge Schott, American businesswoman (born 1928)

Margaret Carolyn Schott was an American baseball executive. Serving as managing general partner, president and CEO of Major League Baseball's Cincinnati Reds franchise from 1984 to 1999, she was the second woman to own a North American major-league team without inheriting it, after New York Mets founder Joan Whitney Payson.


02/03/2003

Hank Ballard, American singer-songwriter (born 1927)

Hank Ballard was an American singer and songwriter, the lead vocalist of the Midnighters and one of the first rock and roll artists to emerge in the early 1950s. John Henry played an integral part in the development of the genre, releasing the hit singles "Work with Me, Annie" and answer songs "Annie Had a Baby" and "Annie's Aunt Fannie" with his Midnighters. He later wrote and originally recorded "The Twist" which was covered a year later by Chubby Checker, this second version spreading the popularity of the dance. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.


Malcolm Williamson, Australian pianist and composer (born 1931)

Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. According to Grove Music Online, although Williamson's earlier compositions aligned with Serialist techniques, "he later modified his approach to composition in the search of a more inclusive musical language that was fundamentally tonal and, above all, lyrical. In the 1960s, he was commonly referred to as the most often commissioned composer in Britain, and over his lifetime he produced more than 250 works in a wide variety of genres."


02/03/2000

Sandra Schmirler, Canadian curler (born 1963)

Sandra Marie Schmirler was a Canadian curler who captured three Canadian Curling Championships and three World Curling Championships. Schmirler also skipped (captained) her Canadian team to a gold medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics, the first year women's curling was a medal sport. At tournaments where she was not competing, Schmirler sometimes worked as a commentator for CBC Sports, which popularized her nickname "Schmirler the Curler" and claimed she was the only person who had a name that rhymed with the sport she played. She died in 2000 at 36 of cancer, leaving a legacy that extended outside of curling. Schmirler was honoured posthumously with an induction into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and was awarded the World Curling Freytag Award, which later led to her induction into the World Curling Federation Hall of Fame.


02/03/1999

Dusty Springfield, English singer (born 1939)

Mary Isobel Catherine Bernadette O'Brien, better known by her stage name Dusty Springfield, was an English singer. With her distinctive mezzo-soprano voice, she was a popular singer of blue-eyed soul, pop, and dramatic ballads, with French chanson, country, and jazz also in her repertoire. During her 1960s peak, she ranked among the most successful British performers on both sides of the Atlantic. Her image – marked by a peroxide blonde bouffant/beehive hairstyle, heavy makeup and evening gowns, as well as stylised, gestural performances – made her an icon of the Swinging Sixties.


02/03/1994

Anita Morris, American actress, singer, and dancer (born 1943)

Anita Rose Morris was an American actress, singer and dancer. She began her career performing in Broadway musicals, including Jesus Christ Superstar, Seesaw and Nine, for which she received a Tony Award nomination.


02/03/1992

Sandy Dennis, American actress (born 1937)

Sandra Dale Dennis was an American actress. She made her film debut in the drama Splendor in the Grass (1961). For her performance in the comedy-drama film Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966), she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.


02/03/1991

Serge Gainsbourg, French singer-songwriter, actor, and director (born 1928)

Serge Gainsbourg was a French singer-songwriter, actor, composer, and director. Regarded as one of the most important figures in French pop, he was renowned for often provocative releases which caused uproar in France, dividing public opinion. His artistic output ranged from his early work in jazz, chanson, and yé-yé to later efforts in rock, zouk, funk, reggae, and electronica. Gainsbourg's varied musical style and individuality make him difficult to categorise, although his legacy has been firmly established and he is often regarded as one of the world's most influential popular musicians.


02/03/1987

Randolph Scott, American actor and director (born 1898)

George Randolph Scott was an American film actor, whose Hollywood career spanned from 1928 to 1962. As a leading man for all but the first three years of his cinematic career, Scott appeared in dramas, comedies, musicals, adventures, war, horror and fantasy films, and Westerns. Out of his more than 100 film appearances, more than 60 of them were Westerns.


Lolo Soetoro, Indonesian geographer and academic (born 1935)

Lolo Soetoro, also known as Lolo Soetoro Mangunharjo or Mangundikardjo, was an Indonesian geographer who was the ex-stepfather of Barack Obama, a former President of the United States.


02/03/1982

Philip K. Dick, American philosopher and author (born 1928)

Philip Kindred Dick was an American science fiction short story writer and novelist. He wrote 45 novels and about 121 short stories, most of which appeared in science fiction magazines. His fiction explored varied philosophical and social questions such as the nature of reality, perception, human nature, and identity, and commonly featured characters struggling against alternate realities, illusory environments, monopolistic corporations, drug abuse, authoritarian governments, and altered states of consciousness. He is considered one of the most important figures in 20th-century science fiction.


02/03/1979

Christy Ring, Irish hurler (born 1920)

Nicholas Christopher Michael Ring was an Irish hurler whose league and championship career at senior level with the Cork county team spanned twenty-four years from 1939 to 1963. He established many championship records, including career appearances (65), scoring tally (33–208) and number of All-Ireland medals won (8); however, these records were subsequently bested by a number of players. Ring is widely regarded as one of the greatest hurlers in the history of the game, with many former players, commentators and fans rating him as the number one player of all time.


02/03/1977

Eugénie Brazier, French chef (born 1895)

Eugénie Brazier, known as "la Mère Brazier", was a French chef who, in 1933, became the first person awarded six Michelin stars, three each at two restaurants: La Mère Brazier in the rue Royale, one of the main streets of Lyon, and a second, also called La Mère Brazier, outside the city. This achievement was unmatched until Alain Ducasse was awarded six stars with the publication of the 1998 Michelin Guide.


02/03/1972

Léo-Ernest Ouimet, Canadian director and producer (born 1877)

Léo-Ernest Ouimet was a Canadian film pioneer. He was a theater operator, filmmaker, producer, and distributor.


02/03/1967

José Martínez Ruiz, Spanish author and critic (born 1873)

José Augusto Trinidad Martínez Ruiz, better known by his pseudonym Azorín, was a Spanish novelist, essayist and literary critic.


02/03/1962

Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician and academic (born 1866)

Charles-Jean Étienne Gustave Nicolas, baron de La Vallée Poussin was a Belgian mathematician. He is best known for proving the prime number theorem.


02/03/1958

Fred Merkle, American baseball player and manager (born 1888)

Carl Frederick Rudolf Merkle, nicknamed "Bonehead", was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball from 1907 to 1926. Although he had a lengthy career, he is best remembered for a controversial base-running mistake he made as a rookie while still a teenager.


02/03/1957

Selim Sırrı Tarcan, Turkish educator and politician (born 1874)

Selim Sırrı Tarcan was a Turkish educator, sports official and politician. He is best remembered for his contribution to the establishment of the National Olympic Committee of Turkey and the introduction of the sport of volleyball in Turkey.


02/03/1953

James Lightbody, American runner (born 1882)

James Davies Lightbody was an American middle distance runner, winner of six Olympic medals in the early 20th century.


02/03/1949

Sarojini Naidu, Indian poet and activist (born 1879)

Sarojini Naidu was an Indian political activist and poet who served as the first Governor of United Provinces, after India's independence. She played an important role in the Indian independence movement against the British Raj. She was the first Indian woman to be president of the Indian National Congress and appointed governor of a state.


02/03/1947

Frans Johan Louwrens Ghijsels, Dutch architect and urban planner (born 1882)

Frans Johan Louwrens Ghijsels was a Dutch architect and urban planner who worked in the Netherlands and the Dutch Indies. Ghijsels was the founder of AIA, the biggest architecture consultant in the Dutch Indies. He was one of the instrumental architects in developing a modern style characteristic of the Dutch Indies.


02/03/1946

Fidél Pálffy, Hungarian politician, Hungarian Minister of Agriculture (born 1895)

Count Fidél Pálffy ab Erdőd was a Hungarian nobleman who emerged as a leading supporter of Nazism in Hungary.


George E. Stewart, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1872)

George Evans Stewart was an officer in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine–American War. He later commanded the 339th Infantry Regiment and the American Expeditionary Force in northern Russia.


02/03/1945

Emily Carr, Canadian painter and author (born 1871)

Emily Carr was a Canadian artist who was inspired by the monumental art and villages of the First Nations and the landscapes of British Columbia. She also was a vivid writer and chronicler of life in her surroundings, praised for her "complete candour" and "strong prose". Klee Wyck, her first book, published in 1941, won the Governor General's Literary Award for non-fiction and this book and others written by her or compiled from her writings later are still much in demand today.


02/03/1944

Ida Maclean, British biochemist, the first woman admitted to the London Chemical Society (born 1877)

Ida Maclean was an English biochemist and the first woman admitted to the London Chemical Society.


02/03/1943

Gisela Januszewska, Austrian physician (born 1867)

Gisela Januszewska was an Austrian physician. Having earned her degree in Switzerland, she briefly worked in Germany before becoming the first female physician in the ethnically Serbian town of Banja Luka in Bosnia Herzegovina within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. She received the highest decorations for her service during the First World War and social activism in Austria afterwards, but was deported to a Nazi concentration camp, where she died, during the Second World War.


02/03/1939

Howard Carter, English archaeologist and historian (born 1874)

Howard Carter was a British archaeologist and Egyptologist who became known for discovering the intact tomb of the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun in November 1922, the best-preserved pharaonic tomb ever found in the Valley of the Kings.


02/03/1938

Ben Harney, American pianist and composer (born 1871)

Benjamin Robertson Harney was an American songwriter, entertainer, and pioneer of ragtime music. His 1895 composition "You've Been a Good Old Wagon but You Done Broke Down" is known as the second ragtime composition to be published and the first ragtime hit to reach the mainstream. The first Ragtime composition published was La Pas Ma La written by Ernest Hogan in 1895. The copyright for "You've Been a Good Old Wagon but You Done Broke Down" was registered in January 1895 source, a few months prior to La Pas Ma La source, suggesting it was in fact the first of the two. During the early years of Harney's career, he falsely promoted himself as being the inventor of ragtime and never acknowledged the genre's black origin. Many contemporary musicians criticized him for it. Although ragtime is now probably more associated with Scott Joplin, in 1924 The New York Times wrote that Ben Harney "Probably did more to popularize ragtime than any other person." Time magazine called him "Ragtime's Father" in 1938.


02/03/1930

D. H. Lawrence, English novelist, poet, playwright, and critic (born 1885)

David Herbert Lawrence was an English novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, literary critic, travel writer, essayist, and painter. His modernist works reflect on modernity, social alienation and industrialisation, while championing sexuality, vitality and instinct. Four of his most famous novels – Sons and Lovers (1913), The Rainbow (1915), Women in Love (1920), and Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928) – were the subject of censorship trials for their radical portrayals of romance, sexuality, and use of explicit language.


02/03/1921

Champ Clark, American lawyer and politician, 41st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (born 1850)

James Beauchamp Clark was an American politician and attorney who served as the 36th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1911 to 1919. He was the only Democrat to serve as speaker during the Progressive Era when Republicans dominated the House, Senate and presidency. Clark represented Missouri's 9th district between 1893 and 1921.


02/03/1896

Jubal Early, American general (born 1816)

Jubal Anderson Early was an American lawyer, politician and military officer who served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. Trained at the United States Military Academy, Early resigned his United States Army commission after the Second Seminole War and his Virginia military commission after the Mexican–American War, in both cases to practice law and participate in politics. Accepting a Virginia and later Confederate military commission as the American Civil War began, Early fought in the Eastern Theater throughout the conflict. He commanded a division under Generals Stonewall Jackson and Richard S. Ewell, and later commanded a corps.


02/03/1895

Berthe Morisot, French painter (born 1841)

Berthe Marie Pauline Morisot was a French painter, printmaker and a member of the circle of painters in Paris who became known as the Impressionists.


Isma'il Pasha, Egyptian politician (born 1830)

Isma'il Pasha, also known as Ismail the Magnificent, was the Khedive of Egypt and ruler of Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain and France. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali Pasha, he greatly modernized Egypt and Sudan during his reign, investing heavily in industrial and economic development, urbanization, and the expansion of the country's boundaries in Africa.


02/03/1880

John Benjamin Macneill, Irish engineer (born 1790)

Sir John Benjamin Macneill FRS was an Irish civil engineer of the 19th century, closely associated with Thomas Telford. His most notable projects were railway schemes in Ireland.


02/03/1865

Carl Sylvius Völkner, German-New Zealand priest and missionary (born 1819)

Carl Sylvius Völkner was a German-born Protestant missionary active in the North Island of New Zealand during the mid-nineteenth century. He is famous for being tried and executed for espionage by members of the Pai Mārire faith at his church in Ōpōtiki, in the Bay of Plenty. This later became known as the Völkner incident, an important event in the New Zealand Wars.


02/03/1864

Ulric Dahlgren, American colonel (born 1842)

Ulric Dahlgren was an American military officer who served as colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was the son of Union Navy Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren and nephew to Confederate Brigadier General Charles G. Dahlgren.


02/03/1855

Nicholas I, Russian emperor (born 1796)

Nicholas I was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1825 to 1855. He was the third son of Paul I and younger brother of his predecessor, Alexander I. Nicholas's twenty nine-year reign began with the failed Decembrist revolt. He is mainly remembered as a reactionary whose controversial reign was marked by geographical expansion, centralisation of administrative policies, and repression of dissent both in Russia and among its neighbors. Nicholas had a happy marriage that produced a large family, with all of their seven children surviving childhood.


02/03/1840

Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers, German physician and astronomer (born 1758)

Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers was a German astronomer. He found a convenient method of calculating the orbit of comets, and in 1802 and 1807, discovered the second and the fourth asteroids Pallas and Vesta.


02/03/1835

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1768)

Francis II and I was the last Holy Roman Emperor as Francis II from 1792 to 1806, and the first Emperor of Austria as Francis I from 1804 to 1835. He was also King of Germany, Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and served as the first president of the German Confederation following its establishment in 1815.


02/03/1830

Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, German physician, anatomist, and anthropologist (born 1755)

Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring was a German medical doctor, anatomist, anthropologist, paleontologist and inventor. Sömmerring discovered the macula in the retina of the human eye. His investigations on the brain and the nervous system, on the sensory organs, on the embryo and its malformations, on the structure of the lungs, etc., made him one of the most important German anatomists.


02/03/1829

Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, Mexican revolutionary (born ca. 1773)

María Josefa Crescencia Ortiz Téllez–Girón, popularly known as Doña Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez or La Corregidora was an insurgent and supporter of the Mexican War of Independence, which fought for independence against Spain, in the early 19th century. She was married to Miguel Domínguez, corregidor of the city of Querétaro, hence her nickname.


02/03/1797

Horace Walpole, English historian and politician (born 1717)

Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford, better known as Horace Walpole, was a British Whig politician, writer, historian and antiquarian.


02/03/1793

Carl Gustaf Pilo, Swedish-Danish painter and academic (born 1711)

Carl Gustaf Pilo was a Swedish painter. Pilo worked extensively in Denmark as a painter to the Danish Royal Court and as professor and director at the Royal Danish Academy of Art, as well as in his native Sweden.


02/03/1791

John Wesley, English cleric and theologian (born 1703)

John Wesley was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a principal leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the ongoing independent Methodist movement.


02/03/1755

Louis de Rouvroy, French duke and diplomat (born 1675)

Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, GE, was a French courtier and memoirist, who also spent time as a soldier and diplomat. He was born in Paris at the Hôtel Selvois, 6 rue Taranne. The family's ducal peerage (duché-pairie), granted in 1635 to his father Claude de Rouvroy (1608–1693), served as both perspective and theme in Saint-Simon's life and writings. He was the second and last Duke of Saint-Simon.


02/03/1729

Francesco Bianchini, Italian astronomer and philosopher (born 1662)

Francesco Bianchini was an Italian philosopher and scientist. He worked for the curia of three popes, including being camiere d'honore of Clement XI, and secretary of the commission for the reform of the calendar, working on the method to calculate the astronomically correct date for Easter in a given year.


02/03/1619

Anne of Denmark, queen of Scotland (born 1574)

Anne of Denmark was Queen of Scotland from her marriage to King James VI on 20 August 1589 and became the Queen of England and Ireland from the union of the Scottish and English Crowns on 24 March 1603 until her death in 1619.


02/03/1589

Alessandro Farnese, Italian cardinal and diplomat (born 1520)

Alessandro Farnese was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and a great collector and patron of the arts. Farnese was the grandson of Pope Paul III, and the son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, who was murdered in 1547. He should not be confused with his nephew, Alessandro Farnese, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, and the great-grandson of Pope Paul III.


02/03/1333

Wladyslaw I, king of Poland (born 1261)

Władysław I Łokietek, in English known as the "Elbow-high" or Ladislaus the Short, was King of Poland from 1320 to 1333, and duke of several of the provinces and principalities in the preceding years. He was a member of the royal Piast dynasty, the son of Duke Casimir I of Kuyavia, and great-grandson of High-Duke Casimir II the Just.


02/03/1316

Marjorie Bruce, Scottish daughter of Robert the Bruce (born 1296)

Marjorie Bruce or Marjorie de Brus was the eldest daughter of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots, and the only child born of his first marriage with Isabella of Mar.


02/03/1127

Charles the Good, Count of Flanders (born 1084)

Charles the Good was Count of Flanders from 1119 to 1127. His murder and its aftermath were chronicled by Galbert of Bruges. He was beatified by Pope Leo XIII in 1882 through cultus confirmation.


02/03/1009

Mokjong, king of Goryeo (born 980)

Mokjong, personal name Wang Song, was the seventh ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.


02/03/0986

Lothair, king of West Francia (born 941)

Lothair, sometimes called Lothair II, III or IV, was the penultimate Carolingian king of West Francia, reigning from 10 September 954 until his death in 986.


02/03/0968

William, archbishop of Mainz (born 929)

William was Archbishop of Mainz from 17 December 954 until his death. He was the son of the Emperor Otto I the Great and a Wendish mother.


02/03/0672

Chad of Mercia, English bishop and saint (born 634)

Chad was a prominent 7th-century Anglo-Saxon monk. He was an abbot, Bishop of the Northumbrians and then Bishop of the Mercians and Lindsey People. After his death he was known as a saint.


02/03/0274

Mani, Persian prophet and founder of Manichaeism (born 216)

Mani was an Iranian prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a religion most prevalent in late antiquity.


Celebrations & Special Days Worldwide on 2nd March

Air Force Day (Sri Lanka)

An Armed Forces Day, alongside its branch-specific variants often referred to as Army or Soldier's Day, Navy or Sailor's Day, and Air Force or Aviator's Day, is a holiday dedicated to honoring the armed forces, or one of their branches, of a sovereign state, including their personnel, history, achievements, and sacrifices. It's often patriotic or nationalistic in nature, carrying information value outside of the conventional boundaries of a military's subculture and into the wider civilian society. Many nations around the world observe this day. It is usually distinct from a Veterans or Memorial Day, as the former is dedicated to those who previously served and the latter is dedicated to those who perished in the fulfillment of their duties.


Baloch Culture Day (Balochistan)

The Baloch people or the Balochs are an Iranian ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and are native to the Balochistan region of South and West Asia, occupying parts of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula. They were traditionally nomadic pastoralists.


Christian feast day: Agnes of Bohemia

Agnes of Bohemia, OSC, also known as Agnes of Prague, was a medieval Bohemian princess who opted for a life of charity, mortification of the flesh and piety over a life of luxury and comfort. Although she was venerated soon after her death, Agnes was not beatified or canonized for over 700 years.


Christian feast day: Angela of the Cross

Angela of the Cross Guerrero y González, HCC was a Spanish religious sister and the foundress of the Sisters of the Company of the Cross, a Catholic religious institute dedicated to helping the abandoned poor and the ill with no one to care for them. She was canonized in 2003 by Pope John Paul II.


Christian feast day: Blessed Charles the Good, Count of Flanders

Charles the Good was Count of Flanders from 1119 to 1127. His murder and its aftermath were chronicled by Galbert of Bruges. He was beatified by Pope Leo XIII in 1882 through cultus confirmation.


Christian feast day: Chad of Mercia (Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, Eastern Orthodox Church)

Chad was a prominent 7th-century Anglo-Saxon monk. He was an abbot, Bishop of the Northumbrians and then Bishop of the Mercians and Lindsey People. After his death he was known as a saint.


Christian feast day: John Maron

John Maron, was a Syriac monk. and the first Maronite Patriarch. He is revered as a saint by the Catholic Church, especially the Maronite Church, and is commemorated on March 2. He died and was buried in Kfarhy near Batroun, in Lebanon, where a shrine is dedicated to him.


Christian feast day: March 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

March 1 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 3


Feast of 'Alá (Loftiness), First day of the 19th month of the Baháʼí calendar (Baháʼí Faith) and first day of the Baháʼí Nineteen Day Fast

The Baháʼí calendar used in the Baháʼí Faith is a solar calendar consisting of nineteen months and four or five intercalary days, with new year at the moment of Northern spring equinox. Each month is named after a virtue, as are the days of the week. The first year is dated from 1844 CE, the year in which the Báb began teaching.


National Read Across America Day (United States)

The National Education Association (NEA) is the largest labor union in the United States. It represents public school teachers and other support personnel, faculty and staffers at colleges and universities, retired educators, and college students preparing to become teachers. The NEA has 2.8 million members and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. The NEA had a budget of $399 million in 2023 along with an endowment of $428 million. Becky Pringle is the NEA's current president.


Peasants' Day (Myanmar)

Peasants' Day is a public holiday in Myanmar, marking the 1962 Burmese coup d'état. In 1965, the Union Revolutionary Council designated the day as a gazetted holiday, and commemorates the contributions of farmers. Before the change, Peasants' Day was observed on 1 January.


Texas Independence Day

Texas Independence Day is the celebration of the adoption of the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836. With this document, signed by 59 delegates, settlers in Mexican Texas officially declared independence from Mexico and created the Republic of Texas.


Adwa Victory Day (Ethiopia)

Adwa Victory Day is a national holiday in Ethiopia that commemorates Ethiopia's victory against Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa on 1 March 1896. Adwa Victory Day celebrations involve parades, dramatic and artistic performances reflecting Ethiopian culture. Adwa Victory Day is strongly associated with Pan-Africanism and the aspirations of black people.


What Happened on 2nd March?

66 significant events took place on Thursday, 2nd March — stretching from 537 to 2026. Explore the moments that shaped history on this day.

02/03/2026

The Lebanese militant group Hezbollah launches several projectiles into northern Israel as a response to the assassination of Ali Khamenei, formally initiating the 2026 Lebanon War.

Hezbollah is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party with an active paramilitary wing that has been banned by the Lebanese government since March 2026, amid Israel's war on Lebanon. Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council, and its political wing is the Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese Parliament. Its armed strength was assessed to be equivalent to that of a medium-sized army in 2016.


02/03/2022

Russian forces capture the city of Kherson during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which subsequently began the start of the Russian occupation and military-civilian administration in Kherson. Kherson is the only regional capital in Ukraine that Russia captured.

The Battle of Kherson took place on 1 March 2022 on the southern front of the Russo-Ukrainian war. Russian forces captured the city on 1 March 2022 after brief combat with local territorial defense fighters, and then began a military occupation of the city.


02/03/2017

The elements Moscovium, Tennessine, and Oganesson are officially added to the periodic table at a conference in Moscow, Russia.

Moscovium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Mc and atomic number 115. It was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. On 28 November 2016, it was officially named after the Moscow Oblast, in which the JINR is situated.


02/03/2014

The Oscar Selfie, regarded as one of the most influential and important images of all time, is taken at the 86th Academy Awards.

Oscar selfie is the popular name of the selfie taken by actor Bradley Cooper at the 86th Academy Awards, featuring a variety of celebrities. The host of the ceremony, Ellen DeGeneres, urged viewers of the ceremony to make a tweet with the picture the most re-tweeted tweet in history, which was accomplished before the broadcast was over at over 2 million retweets. The virality of the tweet caused Twitter to temporarily crash and be offline. The photo was taken with a Samsung Galaxy Note 3 and was estimated to have been worth up to $1 billion in advertising for Samsung, which donated $1 to charity for each retweet, to a maximum of $3 million. The picture also sparked controversy over copyright laws in the United States in regards to user-generated content on social media after DeGeneres granted the license to the Associated Press, despite Cooper having taken the photo. It also inspired the "sealfie", a trend by Canadian Inuit protesting DeGeneres's donations to groups opposed to seal hunting. In subsequent years, it has been named one of the most influential and important pictures of all time.


02/03/2012

A tornado outbreak occurs over a large section of the Southern United States and into the Ohio Valley region, resulting in 40 tornado-related fatalities.

On March 2 and 3, 2012, a large and deadly tornado outbreak occurred over a large section of the Southern United States into the Ohio Valley region. The storms resulted in 41 tornado-related fatalities, 22 of which occurred in Kentucky. Tornado-related deaths also occurred in Alabama, Indiana, and Ohio. The outbreak was the second deadliest in early March for the U.S. since official records began in 1950; only the 1966 Candlestick Park tornado had a higher death toll for a tornadic system in early March.


02/03/2006

In Monterrey, Mexico, a man identified as Diego Santoy Riveroll commits a double murder against two children, followed by an attempted murder of his ex-partner, Erika. The incident is popularly known as the Cumbres case.

Monterrey is the capital and largest city of the northeastern Mexican state of Nuevo León. The city anchors the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico's second largest metropolitan area with a population of 5,347,000 as of 2026, and is often considered the richest city in Latin America. According to the 2020 census, Monterrey itself has a population of 1,142,194. Located at the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Monterrey is a major business and industrial hub in Mexico and Latin America.


02/03/2004

War in Iraq: Al-Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq, killing 170 and wounding over 500.

The Iraq War, also referred to as the Second Gulf War, was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion by a United States–led coalition, which resulted in the overthrow of the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. During the US occupation of Iraq, the conflict persisted as an insurgency that arose against coalition forces and the newly established Iraqi government. US forces were officially withdrawn in 2011. In 2014, the US became re-engaged in Iraq, leading a new coalition under Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve, as the conflict evolved into the ongoing Islamic State insurgency.


02/03/2002

U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, (ending on March 19 after killing 500 Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters, with 11 Western troop fatalities).

The war in Afghanistan was a prolonged armed conflict lasting from 2001 to 2021. It began with an invasion by a United States–led coalition under the name Operation Enduring Freedom in response to the September 11 attacks (9/11) carried out by the Taliban-allied and Afghanistan-based al-Qaeda. The Taliban were expelled from major population centers by American-led forces supporting the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance, thus toppling the Taliban-ruled Islamic Emirate. In 2004, the U.S.-backed Islamic Republic was established, but by then, the Taliban, led by founder Mullah Omar, had reorganized and begun an insurgency against the Afghan government and coalition forces. The conflict ended as the 2021 Taliban offensive reestablished the Islamic Emirate. It was the longest war in United States military history, surpassing the Vietnam War by six months.


02/03/1998

Data sent from the Galileo spacecraft indicates that Jupiter's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice.

Galileo was an American robotic space probe that studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as the asteroids Gaspra and Ida. Named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, it consisted of an orbiter and an entry probe. It was delivered into Earth orbit on October 18, 1989, by Space Shuttle Atlantis, during STS-34. Galileo arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, after gravitational assist flybys of Venus and Earth, and became the first spacecraft to orbit an outer planet.


02/03/1995

Researchers at Fermilab announce the discovery of the top quark.

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is a national laboratory for high-energy particle physics, located in Batavia, Illinois, United States, near Chicago. It is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and operated by the University of Chicago through the subordinate Fermi Forward Discovery Group LLC.


Space Shuttle Endeavour launches from the Kennedy Space Center on STS-67, carrying the ASTRO-2 spacelab observatory.

Space Shuttle Endeavour is a retired orbiter from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the fifth and final operational Shuttle built. It embarked on its first mission, STS-49, in May 1992 and its 25th and final mission, STS-134, in May 2011. STS-134 was expected to be the final mission of the Space Shuttle program, but with the authorization of STS-135 by the United States Congress, Atlantis became the last shuttle to fly.


02/03/1992

Start of the war in Transnistria.

The Transnistrian War was an armed conflict that broke out on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari between pro-separatist forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and neo-Cossack units, which were supported by elements of the Russian 14th Army, and pro-government forces, including Moldovan troops and police.


Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, San Marino, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, all of which (except San Marino) were former Soviet republics, join the United Nations.

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south. Yerevan is the capital, largest city and financial center.


02/03/1991

Establishment of Kuwait Democratic Forum, center-left political organization in Kuwait.

The Kuwait Democratic Forum is a centre-left political organization founded in 1991. Members include Ahmad Al-Khatib, Abdullah Al-Naibari, and Saleh Al-Mulla.


Battle at Rumaila oil field brings an end to the 1991 Gulf War.

The Rumaila oil field is a super-giant oil field located in southern Iraq, approximately 50km to the south west of Basra City. Discovered in 1953 by the Basrah Petroleum Company (BPC), an associate company of the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), the field is estimated to contain 17 billion barrels, which accounts for 12% of Iraq's oil reserves, estimated at 143 billion barrels. Rumaila is said to be the largest oilfield ever discovered in Iraq and one of the four largest oilfields in the world.


02/03/1990

Nelson Mandela is elected deputy president of the African National Congress.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid activist, statesman, and revolutionary who was the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first Black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His administration focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by fostering racial reconciliation, a national peace accord and eventual multiracial democracy. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.


02/03/1989

Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.

The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957, aiming to foster economic integration among its member states. It was subsequently renamed the European Community (EC) upon becoming integrated into the first pillar of the newly formed European Union (EU) in 1993. In the popular language, the singular European Community was sometimes inaccurately used in the wider sense of the plural European Communities, in spite of the latter designation covering all the three constituent entities of the first pillar. The EEC was also known as the European Common Market (ECM) in the English-speaking countries, and sometimes referred to as the European Community even before it was officially renamed as such in 1993. In 2009, the EC formally ceased to exist and its institutions were directly absorbed by the EU. This made the Union the formal successor institution of the Community.


02/03/1986

Aeroflot Flight F-77 crashes near Bugulma Airport, killing all 38 people aboard.

Aeroflot Flight F-77 was an An-24B operating from Moscow to Bugulma with an intermediate stop in Cheboksary that crashed near Bugulma on 2 March 1986, resulting in the deaths of all 38 occupants on board.


02/03/1983

Compact discs and players are released for the first time in the United States and other markets. They had previously been available only in Japan.

The compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format co-developed by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings. It employs the Compact Disc Digital Audio (CD-DA) standard and is capable of holding uncompressed stereo audio. First released in Japan in October 1982, the CD was the second optical disc format to reach the market, following the larger LaserDisc (LD). In later years, the technology was adapted for computer data storage as CD-ROM and subsequently expanded into various writable and multimedia formats. As of 2007, over 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide.


02/03/1978

Czech Vladimír Remek becomes the first non-Soviet or non-American to go into space, when he is launched aboard Soyuz 28.

Czechoslovakia was a country in Central Europe. The country was bordered by Austria and Hungary to the south, Germany to the west and northwest, Poland to the northeast, and Ukraine to the southeast. Czechoslovakia had a hilly and mostly mountainous landscape that covered an area of 127,906 square kilometers (49,385 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city was Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň, Liberec, Bratislava and Košice.


The late iconic actor Charlie Chaplin's coffin is stolen from his grave in Switzerland.

Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr. was an English comic actor, filmmaker, singer, film editor and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered one of the film industry's most important figures. His career spanned more than 75 years, from his childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977.


02/03/1977

Libya becomes the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya as the General People's Congress adopts the "Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People".

Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. With an area of almost 1.8 million km2 (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the fourth-largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and the 16th-largest in the world. The country claims 32,000 square kilometres of southeastern Algeria, south of the Libyan town of Ghat. The capital and largest city is Tripoli, located in the northwest and containing over a million of Libya's seven million people.


02/03/1972

The Pioneer 10 space probe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.

Pioneer 10 is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. Pioneer 10 became the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System. This space exploration project was conducted by the NASA Ames Research Center in California. The space probe was manufactured by TRW Inc.


02/03/1970

Rhodesia declares itself a republic, breaking its last links with the British crown.

Rhodesia, officially the Republic of Rhodesia from 1970, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa that existed from 1965 to 1979. Rhodesia was the de facto successor to the colony of Southern Rhodesia following its unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) from the United Kingdom in 1965. Throughout this fourteen-year period, Rhodesia faced internal conflict and political unrest. Following the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979 and general elections held under a universal suffrage in 1980, the territory finally gained de jure independence and international recognition as the Republic of Zimbabwe.


02/03/1969

In Toulouse, France, the first test flight of the Anglo-French Concorde is conducted.

Toulouse is a city in Southern France, the prefecture of the Haute-Garonne department and of the Occitania region. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, 150 kilometres from the Mediterranean Sea, 230 km (143 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean and 680 km (420 mi) from Paris. It is the fourth-largest city in France after Paris, Marseille, and Lyon, with 514,819 inhabitants within its municipal boundaries (2023); its metropolitan area has a population of 1,513,396 inhabitants (2022). Toulouse is the central city of one of the 22 metropolitan councils of France. Between the 2014 and 2020 censuses, its metropolitan area was the third fastest growing among metropolitan areas larger than 500,000 inhabitants in France.


02/03/1968

Baggeridge Colliery closes, marking the end of over 300 years of coal mining in the Black Country.

Baggeridge Colliery was a colliery located in Sedgley, West Midlands England.


02/03/1965

The US and Republic of Vietnam Air Force begin Operation Rolling Thunder, a sustained bombing campaign against North Vietnam.

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is a part of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and is one of the six armed forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Tracing its origins to 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Signal Corps, the Air Force was established by transfer of personnel from the Army Air Forces with the enactment of the National Security Act of 1947. It is the second youngest branch of the United States Armed Forces and the fourth in order of precedence. The United States Air Force articulates its core missions as air supremacy, global integrated intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, rapid global mobility, global strike, and command and control.


02/03/1962

In Burma, the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup d'état.

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also referred to as Burma, is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by India and Bangladesh to the northwest, China to the northeast, Laos and Thailand to the east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to the south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, while its largest city is Yangon.


Wilt Chamberlain sets the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association by scoring 100 points.

Wilton Norman Chamberlain was an American professional basketball player. Standing 7 feet 1 inch (2.16 m) tall, he played center in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for 14 seasons. He was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1978, and was elected to the NBA's 35th, 50th, and 75th anniversary teams. Chamberlain is widely considered to be one of the greatest basketball players of all time.


02/03/1955

Norodom Sihanouk, king of Cambodia, abdicates the throne in favor of his father, Norodom Suramarit.

Norodom Sihanouk was King, Chief of State and Prime Minister of Cambodia. He is known as Samdech Euv. During his lifetime, Cambodia was under various regimes, from French colonial rule, a Japanese puppet state (1945), an independent kingdom (1953–1970), a military republic (1970–1975), the Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1979), a Vietnamese-backed communist regime (1979–1989), a transitional communist regime (1989–1993) to eventually another kingdom.


02/03/1949

Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II in Fort Worth, Texas, after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.

Captain in the U.S. Army (USA), U.S. Marine Corps (USMC), U.S. Air Force (USAF), and U.S. Space Force (USSF) is a company-grade officer rank, with the pay grade of O-3. It ranks above first lieutenant and below major. It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system and is different from the higher Navy/Coast Guard rank of captain. The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars, with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version.


02/03/1943

World War II: During the Battle of the Bismarck Sea Allied aircraft defeat a Japanese attempt to ship troops to New Guinea.

The Battle of the Bismarck Sea took place in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA) during World War II when aircraft of the U.S. Fifth Air Force and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) attacked a Japanese convoy carrying troops to Lae, New Guinea. Most of the Japanese task force was destroyed, and Japanese troop losses were heavy.


02/03/1941

World War II: First German military units enter Bulgaria after it joins the Axis Pact.

World War II, or the Second World War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated. Tanks and aircraft played major roles, the latter enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the only nuclear weapons used in war. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the death of 60 to 75 million people. Millions died as a result of massacres, starvation, disease, and genocides, including the Holocaust. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.


02/03/1939

Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII.

A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. Cardinals are chosen and formally created by the pope, and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. The most solemn responsibility of the cardinals is to elect a new pope in a conclave when the Holy See is vacant. With a few historical exceptions, popes are elected from among the College of Cardinals.


02/03/1937

The Steel Workers Organizing Committee signs a collective bargaining agreement with U.S. Steel, leading to unionization of the United States steel industry.

The Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC) was one of two precursor labor organizations to the United Steelworkers. It was formed by the CIO on June 7, 1936. It disbanded in 1942 to become the United Steel Workers of America. The Steel Labor was the official paper of SWOC.


02/03/1933

The film King Kong premieres in Radio City Music Hall and RKO Roxy in New York City.

King Kong is a 1933 American pre-Code adventure horror monster film directed and produced by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack, with special effects by Willis H. O'Brien and music by Max Steiner. Produced and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures, King Kong is the first film in the self-titled franchise, combining live-action sequences with stop-motion animation using rear-screen projection. The idea for the film came when Cooper decided to create a motion picture about a giant gorilla struggling against modern civilization. The film stars Fay Wray, Robert Armstrong, and Bruce Cabot. The story follows said gorilla dubbed Kong who feels affection for a beautiful young woman offered to him as a sacrifice.


02/03/1932

Finnish president P. E. Svinhufvud gives a radio speech, which four days later finally ends the Mäntsälä Rebellion and the far-right Lapua Movement that started it.

Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad served as the president of Finland from 1931 to 1937. Before 1917, as a lawyer, judge, and politician in the Grand Duchy of Finland, Svinhufvud played a major role in the movement for Finnish independence, and he presented the Declaration of Independence to the Parliament on 15 December [O.S. 4 December] 1917.


02/03/1919

The first Communist International meets in Moscow.

The Communist International, also known as the Third International, was a Marxist political international that advocated world communism and existed from 1919 to 1943. Emerging from the collapse of the Second International during World War I, it was founded at a congress in Moscow convened by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (RCP), which aimed to create a new international body committed to revolutionary socialism and the overthrow of capitalism worldwide.


02/03/1917

The enactment of the Jones–Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.

The Jones–Shafroth Act, officially called the Organic Act of Puerto Rico or the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1917, is an organic act of the 64th United States Congress that was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on March 2, 1917. The Act expanded the civil administration of the insular government of Puerto Rico, which was established under the federal jurisdiction of the United States as the local governance of an unincorporated territory through the Foraker Act of 1900. It served as the primary organic law for the government of Puerto Rico and its relation with the United States until it was superseded by the Constitution of Puerto Rico in 1952 as per the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950 and its Pub. L. 82–447 joint resolution.


02/03/1903

In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens, becoming the first hotel exclusively for women.

The Martha Washington Hotel is a building at 30 East 30th Street in the NoMad neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1903 and operated as a women-only hotel for 95 years, the 13-story structure was designed by Robert W. Gibson in the Renaissance Revival style for the Women's Hotel Company. The hotel's namesake, Martha Washington, was the first First Lady of the United States. It is a designated city landmark.


02/03/1901

United States Steel Corporation is founded as a result of a merger between Carnegie Steel Company and Federal Steel Company which became the first corporation in the world with a market capital over $1 billion.

The United States Steel Corporation is a Japanese-owned American steel company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that maintains production facilities at several additional locations in the U.S. and Central Europe. The company produces and sells steel products, including flat-rolled and tubular products for customers in industries across automotive, construction, consumer, electrical, industrial equipment, distribution, and energy. Operations also include iron ore and coke production facilities. In 2025, U.S. Steel was acquired by Nippon Steel in a deal arranged with the United States government.


The U.S. Congress passes the Platt Amendment limiting the autonomy of Cuba, as a condition of the withdrawal of American troops.

The Platt Amendment was United States legislation enacted as part of the Army Appropriations Act of 1901 that defined the relationship between the United States and Cuba following the Spanish–American War. It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish–American War, and an eighth condition that Cuba sign a treaty accepting these seven conditions. It helped to define the terms of Cuba–United States relations.


02/03/1882

Queen Victoria narrowly escapes an assassination attempt by Roderick Maclean in Windsor.

Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days, which was longer than those of any of her predecessors, constituted the Victorian era, a period of industrial, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. In 1876, the British parliament voted to grant her the additional title of Empress of India.


02/03/1877

Just two days before inauguration, the U.S. Congress declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the 1876 U.S. presidential election even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote.

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was the 19th president of the United States, serving from 1877 to 1881. He served as Cincinnati's city solicitor from 1858 to 1861 and was known as a staunch abolitionist who defended refugee slaves in court proceedings. At the start of the Civil War, Hayes left a fledgling political career to join the Union army. He was wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain in 1862. Hayes earned a reputation for bravery in combat, rising in the ranks to serve as brevet major general. After the war, he was a prominent member of the "Half-Breed" faction of the Republican Party. Hayes served in Congress from 1865 to 1867 and was elected governor of Ohio, serving two consecutive terms from 1868 to 1872 and half of a third two-year term from 1876 to 1877 before his swearing-in as president.


02/03/1867

The U.S. Congress passes the first Reconstruction Act.

The Reconstruction Acts, or the Military Reconstruction Acts, sometimes referred to collectively as the Reconstruction Act of 1867, were four landmark U.S. federal statutes enacted by the 39th and 40th United States Congresses over the vetoes of President Andrew Johnson from March 2, 1867 to March 11, 1868, establishing martial law in the Southern United States and the requirements for the readmission of those states which had declared secession at the start of the American Civil War. The requirements of the Reconstruction Acts were considerably more stringent than the requirements imposed by Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson between 1863 and 1867 and marked the end of that period of "presidential" reconstruction and the beginning of "congressional" or "radical" reconstruction.


02/03/1865

East Cape War: The Völkner Incident in New Zealand.

The East Cape War, sometimes also called the East Coast War, was a series of conflicts fought in the North Island of New Zealand from April 1865 to October 1866 between colonial and Māori military forces. At least five separate campaigns were fought in the area during a period of relative peace in the long-running 19th century New Zealand Wars.


02/03/1864

Ulysses S. Grant is promoted to lieutenant general, giving him command of all Union Armies.

Ulysses S. Grant was the General-in-Chief of the Union Army, leading them to victory in the American Civil War in 1865, and the 18th president of the United States, serving from 1869 to 1877.


02/03/1859

The two-day Great Slave Auction, once thought to be the largest such auction in United States history, begins.

The Great Slave Auction was an auction of enslaved Americans of African descent held at Ten Broeck Race Course, near Savannah, Georgia, United States, on March 2 and 3, 1859. Slaveholder and absentee plantation owner Pierce Mease Butler authorized the sale of approximately 436 men, women, children, and infants to be sold over the course of two days. The sale's proceeds went to satisfy Butler's significant debt, much from gambling. The auction was considered the largest single sale of slaves in U.S. history until the 2022 discovery of an even larger auction of over 600 slaves in Charleston, South Carolina.


02/03/1855

Alexander II becomes Tsar of Russia.

Alexander II was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881. He is also known as Alexander the Liberator because of his historic Edict of Emancipation, which officially abolished Russian serfdom in 1861. Crowned on 7 September 1856, he succeeded his father Nicholas I and was succeeded by his son Alexander III.


02/03/1836

Texas Revolution: The Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico is adopted.

The Texas Revolution was a rebellion by Anglo-American immigrants as well as Hispanic Texans against the centralist government of Mexico in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although the uprising was part of a larger revolt that included other provinces opposed to the regime of President Miguel Barragán and General Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Mexican government believed the United States had instigated the Texas insurrection with the goal of annexation. The Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". Only the province of Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas. It was eventually annexed by the United States about a decade later.


02/03/1815

Signing of the Kandyan Convention treaty by British invaders and the leaders of the Kingdom of Kandy.

In the history of Sri Lanka, the Kandyan Convention was a treaty signed on 2 March 1815 between the British governor of Ceylon, Sir Robert Brownrigg, and the chiefs of the Kandyan Kingdom, British Ceylon, whereas, according to the Sinhala version of the Convention, the signatories were the chiefs of Sihale (note 1), for the deposition of King Sri Vikrama Rajasinha and ceding of the kingdom's territory to the British Crown. It was signed in the Magul Maduwa of the Royal Palace of Kandy.


02/03/1811

Argentine War of Independence: A royalist fleet defeats a small flotilla of revolutionary ships in the Battle of San Nicolás on the River Plate.

The Argentine War of Independence was a set of military events from 1810 to 1825 which resulted in the consolidation of Argentina as an independent country from Spanish rule. The historiographical term encompasses battles and military feats such as the Crossing of the Andes. Formal independence was declared in 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán.


02/03/1807

The U.S. Congress passes the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, disallowing the importation of new slaves into the country.

The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Representatives, and an upper body, the U.S. Senate. They both meet in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.


02/03/1797

The Bank of England issues the first one-pound and two-pound banknotes.

The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker and debt manager, and still one of the bankers for the government of the United Kingdom, it is the world's second oldest central bank, after Sweden's (1668). It is considered to be one of the world's most important central banks.


02/03/1796

Napoleon Bonaparte is appointed to command the Army of Italy.

Napoleon Bonaparte, later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was Emperor of the French from 18 May 1804 until his first abdication in 1814, with a brief restoration during the Hundred Days in 1815. He rose to prominence as a general during the French Revolution and led a series of military campaigns across Europe and the Middle East during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. As a statesman, he implemented numerous legal and administrative reforms in France and Europe.


02/03/1791

Claude Chappe demonstrates the first semaphore line near Paris.

Claude Chappe was a French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France. His system consisted of a series of towers, each within line of sight of others, each supporting a wooden mast with two crossarms on pivots that could be placed in various positions. The operator in a tower moved the arms to a sequence of positions, spelling out text messages in semaphore code. The operator in the next tower read the message through a telescope, then passed it on to the next tower. This was the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age, and was used until the 1850s when electric telegraph systems replaced it.


02/03/1776

American Revolutionary War: Patriot militia units attempt to prevent capture of supply ships in and around the Savannah River by a small fleet of the Royal Navy in the Battle of the Rice Boats.

The American Revolutionary War, also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence or simply the American Revolution, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army. The conflict was fought in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean. The war's outcome seemed uncertain for most of the war, but Washington and the Continental Army's decisive victory in the Siege of Yorktown in 1781 led King George III and the Kingdom of Great Britain to negotiate an end to the war. In 1783, in the Treaty of Paris, the British monarchy acknowledged the independence of the Thirteen Colonies, leading to the establishment of the United States as an independent and sovereign nation.


02/03/1657

The Great Fire of Meireki begins in Edo (now Tokyo), Japan, causing more than 100,000 deaths before it exhausts itself three days later.

The Great Fire of Meireki , also known as the Great Furisode Fire, destroyed 60–70% of Edo, then de facto capital city of Japan, on 2 March 1657, the third year of the Meireki Era. The fire lasted for three days and, in combination with a severe blizzard that quickly followed, is estimated to have killed over 100,000 people.


02/03/1498

Vasco da Gama's fleet visits the Island of Mozambique.

Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese mariner, explorer and nobleman. His discovery of the first direct maritime route between Europe and India via the Cape of Good Hope and across the Indian Ocean from Malindi in Kenya to Kozhikode was to open up European exploration of, and commerce with, India, and is considered a landmark event and a turning point in world history.


02/03/1484

The College of Arms is formally incorporated by Royal Charter signed by King Richard III of England.

The College of Arms is the heraldic authority for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and some Commonwealth realms; the heraldic authority for Scotland is the Court of the Lord Lyon. The College is a royal corporation consisting of professional officers of arms who act on behalf of the Crown in matters of heraldry, including the granting of new coats of arms; genealogical research; and the recording of pedigrees. The College is also responsible for matters relating to the flying of flags on land, and maintains the official registers of flags and other national symbols. It is also involved in the planning of ceremonial occasions such as coronations, state funerals, the annual Garter Service, and the State Opening of Parliament. The officers of arms accompany the monarch on many of these occasions.


02/03/1476

Burgundian Wars: The Old Swiss Confederacy hands Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, a major defeat in the Battle of Grandson in Canton of Neuchâtel.

The Burgundian Wars (1474–1477) were a conflict between the Burgundian State and the Old Swiss Confederacy and its allies. Open war broke out in 1474, and the Duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold, was defeated three times on the battlefield in the following years and was killed at the Battle of Nancy in 1477. The Duchy of Burgundy and several other Burgundian lands then became part of France, and the Burgundian Netherlands and Franche-Comté were inherited by Charles's daughter, Mary of Burgundy, and eventually passed to the House of Habsburg upon her death because of her marriage to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.


02/03/1458

George of Poděbrady is chosen as the king of Bohemia.

George of Kunštát and Poděbrady, also known as Poděbrad or Podiebrad, was the sixteenth King of Bohemia, who ruled in 1458–1471. He was a leader of the Hussites, but moderate and tolerant toward the Catholic faith. His rule was marked by great efforts to preserve peace and tolerance between the Hussites and Catholics in the religiously divided Crown of Bohemia – hence his contemporary nicknames: "King of two peoples" and "Friend of peace".


02/03/1444

Skanderbeg organizes a group of Albanian nobles to form the League of Lezhë.

Gjergj Kastrioti was an Albanian nobleman and military leader who led the League of Lezhë in the Ottoman-Albanian Wars until his death. Skanderbeg is considered to be a major figure of medieval Albanian history and today is the national hero of Albania.


02/03/1331

Fall of Nicaea to the Ottoman Turks after a siege.

The Siege of Nicaea, or Siege of Iznik, by the forces of Orhan I from 1328 to 1331, resulted in the conquest of the key Byzantine city of Nicaea to the Ottomans. It played an important role in the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.


02/03/0986

Louis V becomes the last Carolingian king of West Francia after the death of his father, Lothaire.

Louis V, also known as Louis the Lazy, was a king of West Francia from 979 to his early death in 987. During his reign, the nobility essentially ruled the country. Dying childless, Louis V was the last Carolingian monarch in West Francia.


02/03/0537

Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his bucellarii are almost cut off.

The siege of Rome took place on 2 March 537 – 12 March 538 AD and it was the city's first siege during the Gothic War (535–554) between the defending Byzantine Empire's forces under the leadership of Belisarius against a numerically superior Ostrogothic (Goths) force under Vitigis. The siege was the first major encounter between the forces of the two opponents, and played a decisive role in the subsequent development of the war.